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twenty years of population dynamics in European beech-oak forest at their rear range margin anticipate changes in its structure and composition

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Forest Ecosystems 2024年第3期11卷 358-370页

作者： álvaro Rubio-Cuadrado Iciar alberdi Isabel Canellas Fernando Montes Jesús Rodríguez-Calcerrada Rosana López Guillermo G.Gordaliza maría Valbuena-Carabana Nikos Nanos Ramón Perea Luis Gil Departamento de dinamica y gestion forestal Instituto de Ciencias Forestales(ICIFOR-INIA)CSICCtra.La Coruna km 7.528040MadridSpain Departamento de Sistemas y Recursos Naturales Escuela Tecnica Superior de Ingeniería de MontesForestal y del Medio NaturalUniversidad Politecnica de Madrid.Ciudad Universitaria s/n28040MadridSpain School of Forestry and Natural Environment Aristotle University of ThessalonikiUniversity Campus54124ThessalonikiGreece

there is an increasing interest in restoring degraded forests,which occupy half of the forest *** the forms of restoration,passive restoration,which involves the elimination of degrading factors and the free evolution of natural dynamics by applying minimal or no management,is gaining *** dynamics is difficult to predict due to the influence of multiple interacting factors such as climatic and edaphic conditions,composition and abundance of species,and the successional character of these ***,we study the natural dynamics of a mixed forest located in central Spain,which maintained an open forest structure,due to intensive use,until grazing and cutting were banned in the *** most frequent woody species in this forest are Fagus sylvatica,Quercus petraea,Quercus pyrenaica,Ilex aquifolium,Sorbus aucuparia,Sorbus aria and Prunus avium,with contrasting shade and drought *** species are common in temperate European deciduous forest and are found here near their southern distribution limit,except for *** order to analyze forest dynamics and composition,three inventories were carried out in 1994,2005 and *** results show that,despite the Mediterranean influence,the natural dynamics of this forest has been mainly determined by different levels of shade *** the abandonment of grazing and cutting,*** expanded rapidly due to its lower shade tolerance,whereas after canopy closure and forest densification,shade-tolerant species gained ground,particularly ***,despite its lower drought and late-frost *** the current dynamics continue,*** will overtake the rest of the species,which will be relegated to sites with shallow soils and steep ***,all the multi-centennial beech trees,which are undergoing a rapid mortality and decline process,will disappear.

关键词： Forest succession Secondary forest Woodland Mixed forest Competition Recruitment

Grasslands Response to Livestock Grazing Intensity in the Austral Pampas(Argentina):testing the Intermediate Disturbance Hypothesis

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2024年第8期93卷 2037-2050页

作者： Ana Elena de Villalobos maría Andrea Long Grupo de Investigación en Ecosistemas de Pastizal(GIEP) CERZOSCONICETBahía Blanca8000Argentina Departamento de Biología Bioquímica y FarmaciaUniversidad Nacional del SurBahía Blanca8000Argentina

Livestock grazing has a significant impact on natural grasslands,with approximately one-third of the world’s land area dedicated to this *** 20%of global grasslands are highly degraded due to overgrazing,affecting their productivity and conservation *** practices are required to ensure sustainable livestock production that supports *** Intermediate Disturbance Hypothesis(IDH)suggests that environments with moderate levels of disturbance exhibit a higher species *** grazing can reduce the dominance of certain species,thereby enhancing plant ***,concerns arise regarding the increase of exotic and unpalatable species under moderate grazing levels,complicating grassland conservation *** impact of livestock grazing on the functional structure of grasslands depends on factors such as grazing intensity,livestock species,and environmental *** in grazing intensity may increase specific and functional diversity under moderate grazing,potentially masking the presence of invasive exotic *** the Austral Pampas(Pampean phytogeographic province,Buenos Aires,Argentina),grasslands face various pressures from domestic livestock grazing that endanger their integrity if not properly ***,our study aims to investigate potential differences in species richness and diversity,functional diversity,exotic plant abundance,and the number and distribution of plant functional groups across varying grazing *** IDH is utilized as a tool to regulate livestock pressure for grassland *** and functional diversity indices were used to assess the impact of grazing on grassland *** grazing increased species and functional diversity,while intensively grazed or ungrazed areas showed reduced *** presence influenced the balance between native and exotic plants,with ungrazed areas having higher native plant abundance and grazed areas exhibiti

关键词： Natural grasslands grazing effects disturbance specific and functional diversity

Potential of Bamboo Species Guadua trinii and Guadua angustifolia for Nanocellulose Production

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2024年第9期12卷 1541-1555页

作者： Agatha E.R.Prado Gárate Fernando E.Felissia maría Cristina Area teresa Suirezs maría Evangelina Vallejos Círculo de Investigación del Bambú Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina(UNALM)Lima15026Perú Instituto de Materiales de Misiones(IMAM) Universidad Nacional de Misiones(UNaM)Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas(CONICET)Facultad de Ciencias ExactasQuímicas y Naturales(FCEQYN)Programa de Celulosa y Papel(PROCyP)Posadas3300Argentina Instituto de Materiales de Misiones(IMAM) Universidad Nacional de Misiones(UNaM)Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas(CONICET)Facultad de Ciencias Forestales(FCF)Eldorado3380Argentina

Non-traditional lignocellulosic materials are a significant resource for producing high-value products,including *** work studied the nanocellulose obtention from chemical pulps of the two fast-growing bamboo species,Guadua trinii,and Guadua *** pulps were produced by soda-anthraquinone(S)pulping from both autohydrolysis-pretreated(H)and unpretreated bamboo ***-pretreated(SHP)and unpretreated soda-anthraquinone(AQ)(SP)pulps were characterized by yield,Kappa number,alpha,beta,and gamma cellulose,degree of polymerization,water retention value,and *** nanocellulose was produced by a sequential chemical oxidation treatment(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl,tEMPO reagent)and mechanical *** was characterized by carboxylic group content and *** results revealed that autohydrolysis pretreatment resulted in a higher hemicelluloses extraction in *** contrast,the pulping yield of unpretreated samples was higher for ***,and the soda-AQ pulps from this species exhibited better delignification than the autohydrolysis-pretreated *** crystallinity index values of the obtained pulps were high(>80%),and the alpha-cellulose contents were *** viscosities of the aqueous nanocellulose suspensions were higher for the nanocellulose solutions obtained from the unpretreated soda-AQ ***,nanocellulose from *** unpretreated soda-AQ pulps had a higher rate of carboxylic *** results of this work are significant in assessing the potential of both bamboo species as a source of high-value products within the biorefinery framework because the viscosities of the aqueous nanocellulose suspensions depend on the size and shape of *** has significant importance for industrial unit operations and potential applications.

关键词： Natural fiber Guadua angustifolia Guadua trinii soda-anthraquinone pulp nanocellulose

Endophytic Occupation in Nodules of Rhynchosia Plants from Semiarid Regions of Argentina

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2024年第6期93卷 1081-1099页

作者： Cinthia t.Lucero maría de los Á.Ruíz Fabiola Pagliero Carolina Castaño mariela L.Ambrosino Graciela S.Lorda Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales Universidad Nacional de La PampaRuta Nacional 35km 330Santa RosaLa PampaCP6300Argentina INtA EEA Anguil“Ing.Agr.Guillermo Covas”Ruta Nacional 5 km 580AnguilLa PampaCC116326Argentina

Beneﬁcial microbes can improve soil health by promoting soil structure,nutrient cycling,and disease *** addition,a wide array of rhizospheric microbes are responsible for producing metabolically active compounds including various types of plant growth ***,microbial biodiversity studies could contribute to the improvement of agricultural practices in deprived areas,such as the Pampean semiarid *** vast majority of studies conducted on endophytic microorganisms have focused on intensive crop legume *** contrast,little attention has been paid to microorganisms of native legumes,whose ecology is not directly affected by human *** this study,endophytic microorganisms isolated from root nodules of a selected native legume of the genus Rhynchosia were *** isolates were studied with a focus on their plant growth-pro-moting rhizobacteria(PGPR)*** the edaphic characteristics of the Pampean semiarid region,the isolates obtained were evaluated for their ability to grow under three salt stress conditions(50,100,and 200 mM NaCl)and four different pH values(6,7,8,and 9).Based on their PGPR activities,the selected strains were phylogenetically grouped using *** results showed great variability among the isolates in terms of the characteristics *** legumes manifested a wide endophytic variability and remarkable perfor-mance in PGPR *** conclude that they could be used as potential bioinoculants for legume cultivation,an excellent alternative to the use of chemical fertilizers that currently pollute the environment.

关键词： Native strains endophytes PGPR native legumes stress

transcriptomic responses to drought stress in the Patagonian southern beech Nothofagus alpina

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Ecological Processes 2024年第2期13卷 192-203页

作者： Rita maria Lopez Laphitz maría Verónica Arana Santiago Agustín Varela Leandro Aníbal Becker Carolina Soliani maría marta Azpilicueta Paula marchelli Nicolás Bellora Instituto de Diversidad y Evolución Austral (CENPAt CONICEt ) Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche (IFAB INtA CONICEt ) Instituto de tecnologías Nucleares para la Salud (CONICEt )

Background Deciphering the genetic architecture of drought tolerance could allow the candidate genes identification responding to water stress. In the Andean Patagonian forest, the genus Nothofagus represents an ecologically relevant species to be included in different genomic studies. these studies are scarce in South American ecosystems however represent an important source of genomic data in order to interpret future climate-change environment scenarios of these emblematic forests. Here, we achieved the assemblage of the transcriptome of N. alpina while searching for key genes of activated or suppressed metabolic pathways in response to drought *** De novo transcriptome assembly resulted in 104,030 transcripts. Following confirmation of drought conditions, based on reduction of leaf water potential and stomatal conductance, a differential gene expression analysis resulted in 2720 significantly expressed genes(1601 up-regulated and 1119 down-regulated). Enrichment analysis(over-representation analysis and gene set enrichment analysis) resulted in more than one hundred stress-responsive term ontologies(i.e. biological processes) and pathways. terms such as response to abscisic acid and pathways such as plant hormone signal transduction or starch and sucrose metabolism were over-represented. Protein–protein interaction assessment resulted in networks with significantly expressed top common hub gene clusters(e.g. planttype cell wall biogenesis among down-regulated or ABA-signalling among up-regulated). these networks evidenced important regulators at gene expression such as transcriptional *** Responses of N. alpina seedlings to drought stress were evidenced by the activation of several genes linked to GO biological processes and KEGG pathways, which were mainly based on over-expression of specific protein kinases, phosphatases, synthases and transcription factors. this suggests an up-regulation of signalling pathways, triggered through pla

关键词： Climate change Differential gene expression Hub genes Patagonia temperate forest

DNA metabarcoding reveals seasonal changes in diet composition across four arthropod-eating lizard species(Phrynosomatidae:Sceloporus)

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第3期19卷 480-495页

作者： Mauricio HERNÁNDEZ Stephanie HEREIRA-PACHECO Antton alberdi Aníbal H.DÍAZ DE LA VEGA-PÉREZ Arturo EStRADA-tORRES Sergio ANCONA Yendi E.NAVARRO-NOYA Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la ConductaUniversidad Autónoma de TlaxcalaTlaxcalaMexico Estación Científica La Malinche Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la ConductaUniversidad Autónoma de TlaxcalaTlaxcalaMexico Center for Evolutionary Hologenomics The Globe InstituteUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y tecnología-Centro tlaxcala de Biología de la Conducta Universidad Autónoma de TlaxcalaTlaxcalaMexico Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva Instituto de EcologíaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMexico CityMexico Laboratorio de Interacciones Bióticas Centro de Investigación en Ciencias BiológicasUniversidad Autónoma de TlaxcalaSan Felipe IxtacuixtlaTlaxcalaMexico

Diet composition and its ecological drivers are rarely investigated in coexisting closely related *** used a molecular approach to characterize the seasonal variation in diet composition in four spiny lizard species inhabiting a mountainous *** metabarcoding revealed that the lizards Sceloporus aeneus,***,***,and *** mostly consumed arthropods of the orders Hemiptera,Araneae,Hymenoptera,and *** terrestrial lizards *** and *** mostly predated ants and spiders,whereas the arboreal–saxicolous *** and saxicolous *** largely consumed grasshoppers and *** taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity of the prey was higher during the dry season than the rainy season,likely because reduced prey availability in the dry season forced lizards to diversify their diets to meet their nutritional *** and phylogenetic composition varied seasonally depending on the species,but only dietary composition varied with *** dietary turnover was greater in *** than in ***,suggesting site-specific seasonal variability in prey availability;no other differences among species were ***,which lives at the highest altitude in our study site,displayed interseasonal variation in diet *** differences were correlated with the species’feeding strategies and elevational distribution,which likely contributed to the coexistence of these lizard species in the studied geographic area and beyond.

关键词： arthropod-eating lizards diet breadth environmental barcoding mountainous ecosystem seasonal dietary shifts

Omics-based biomarkers as useful tools in metabolic dysfunctionassociated steatotic liver disease clinical practice:How far are we?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第14期30卷 1982-1989页

作者： Julieta trinks maría F Mascardi Adrián Gadano Sebastián marciano Instituto de Medicina traslacional e Ingeniería Biomédica-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y técnicas-Instituto Universitario del Hospital Italiano-Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1199ACLArgentina Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y técnicas Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1425FQBArgentina Liver Unit Hospital Italiano de Buenos AiresCiudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1199DFArgentina Department of Research Hospital Italiano de Buenos AiresCiudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1199DFArgentina

Unmet needs exist in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD)risk *** ability to identify patients with MASLD with advanced fibrosis and at higher risk for adverse outcomes is still *** novel biomarkers could represent a meaningful improvement to current risk *** this aim,omics technologies have revolutionized the process of MASLD biomarker discovery over the past *** the research in this field is thriving,much of the publication has been haphazard,often using single-omics data and specimen sets of convenience,with many identified candidate biomarkers but lacking clinical validation and *** we incorporate these biomarkers to direct patients’management,it should be considered that the roadmap for translating a newly discovered omics-based signature to an actual,analytically valid test useful in MASLD clinical practice is rigorous and,therefore,not easily *** article presents an overview of this area’s current state,the conceivable opportunities and challenges of omics-based laboratory diagnostics,and a roadmap for improving MASLD biomarker research.

关键词： Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis Biomarker Risk stratification Omics

Environmental drivers of long-term variations in the abundance of the red hocicudo mouse (Oxymycterus rufus) in Pampas agroecosystems

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第1期19卷 37-51页

作者： Laura mariel CALFAYAN Regino CAVIA Jimena FRASCHINA Juan Santiago GUIDOBONO Irene Laura GOROSItO maría BUSCH Laboratorio de Ecología de Poblaciones Departamento de EcologíaGenética y EvoluciónFacultad de Ciencias Exactas y NaturalesUniversidad de Buenos Aires and Instituto de EcologíaGenética y Evolución de Buenos Aires(IEGEBA)Buenos AiresArgentina

During the 20th century,there has been an ongoing agricultural expansion and global warming,two of the main determinants influencing biodiversity changes in *** red hocicudo mouse(Oxymycterus rufus)inhabits subtropical grasslands and riparian habitats and has increased its abundance in recent years in central Argentina *** paper describes the long-term temporal changes in *** abundance in Exaltación de la Cruz department,Buenos Aires province,Argentina,in relation to weatherfluctuations and landscape features,as well as analyzes the spatio-temporal structure of captures of *** used generalized liner models,semi-variograms,the Mantel test,and autocorrelation functions for the analysis of rodent data obtained from trappings conducted between 1984 and *** showed an increase in abundance across the years of study,with its distribution depending on landscape features,such as habitat types and the distance *** rates showed a spatio-temporal aggregation,suggesting expansion from previously occupied *** was more abundant at lower minimum temperatures in summer,higher precipitation in spring and summer,and lower precip-itations in *** conditions affected *** abundance,but there was local variation that differed from global patterns of climate change.

关键词： agroecosystems climate change linear habitats Oxymycterus rufus rodent

Interindividual Age-Independent Differences in Human CX43 Impact Ventricular Arrhythmic Risk

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Research 2024年第3期6卷 417-432页

作者： Laura García-Mendívil maría Pérez-Zabalza Antoni Oliver-Gelabert Josémaría Vallejo-Gil Javier Fañanás-Mastral Manuel Vázquez-Sancho Javier AndréBellido-Morales Alexánder Sebastián Vaca-Núñez Carlos Ballester-Cuenca Emiliano Diez Laura Ordovás Esther Pueyo Biomedical Signal Interpretation and Computational Simulation group(BSICoS) Aragón Institute of Engineering ResearchUniversity of ZaragozaZaragoza 50018Spain BSICoS Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón(IISA)Zaragoza 50018Spain Centro Universitario de la Defensa(CUD) Zaragoza 50090Spain. Department of Cardiovascular Surgery University Hospital Miguel ServetZaragoza 50009Spain. Institute of Experimental Medicine and Biology of Cuyo(IMBECU) CONICETMendoza 5500Argentina. Fundación Agencia Aragonesa para la Investigación y el Desarrollo(ARAID) Zaragoza 50018Spain. Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine(CIBER-BBN)Zaragoza 50018Spain.

Connexin 43 (CX43) is one of the major components of gap junctions, the structures responsible for the intercellular communication and transmission of the electrical impulse in the left ventricle. there is limited information on the histological changes of CX43 with age and their effect on electrophysiology, especially in humans. Here, we analyzed left ventricular biopsies from living donors starting at midlife to characterize age-related CX43 remodeling. We assessed its quantity, degree of lateralization, and spatial heterogeneity together with fibrotic deposition. We observed no significant age-related remodeling of CX43. Only spatial heterogeneity increased slightly with age, and this increase was better explained by biological age than by chronological age. Importantly, we found that CX43 features varied considerably among individuals in our population with no relevant relationship to age or fibrosis content, in contrast to animal species. We used our experimental results to feed computational models of human ventricular electrophysiology and to assess the effects of interindividual differences in specific features of CX43 and fibrosis on conduction velocity, action potential duration, and arrhythmogenicity. We found that larger amounts of fibrosis were associated with the highest arrhythmic risk, with this risk being increased when fibrosis deposition was combined with a reduction in CX43 amount and/or with an increase in CX43 spatial heterogeneity. these mechanisms underlying high arrhythmic risk in some individuals were not associated with age in our study population. In conclusion, our data rule out CX43 remodeling as an age-related arrhythmic substrate in the population beyond midlife, but highlight its potential as a proarrhythmic factor at the individual level, especially when combined with increased fibrosis.

关键词： CX43 rhythm Independent