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Doped graphene/carbon black hybrid catalyst giving enhanced oxygen reduction reaction activity with high resistance to corrosion in proton exchange membrane fuel cells

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2022年第5期31卷 143-153页

作者： Zhaoqi Ji Jianuo Chen maría pérez-page Zunmin Guo Ziyu Zhao Rongsheng Cai Maxwell T.p.Rigby Sarah J.Haigh Stuart M.Holmes School of Automotive Engineering Harbin Institute of TechnologyWeihai264209ShandongChina Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science The University of ManchesterManchester M139PLUK Department of Materials The University of ManchesterManchester M139PLUK

Nitrogen doping of the carbon is an important method to improve the performance and durability of catalysts for proton exchange membrane fuel cells by platinum–nitrogen and carbon–nitrogen bonds. This study shows that p-phenyl groups and graphitic N acting bridges linking platinum and the graphene/carbon black(the ratio graphene/carbon black = 2/3) hybrid support materials achieved the average size of platinum nanoparticles with(4.88 ± 1.79) nm. It improved the performance of the lower-temperature hydrogen fuel cell up to 0.934 W cm^(-2) at 0.60 V, which is 1.55 times greater than that of commercial pt/C. Doping also enhanced the interaction between pt and the support materials, and the resistance to corrosion, thus improving the durability of the low-temperature hydrogen fuel cell with a much lower decay of 10 mV at 0.80 A cm^(-2) after 30 k cycles of an in-situ accelerated stress test of catalyst degradation than that of 92 mV in pt/C, which achieves the target of Department of Energy(pt/Nr EGO_(2)-CB_(3) remains 78% of initial power density at 1.5 A cm^(-2) after 5 k cycles of in-situ accelerated stress test of carbon corrosion, which is more stable than the power density of commercial pt/C, keeping only 54% after accelerated stress test.

关键词： Nitrogen doped graphene Low-temperature hydrogen fuel cell Catalyst degradation Carbon corrosion

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Turbulence modelling of the aerodynamic interaction ofOGV wakes and diffuser flow

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航空动力学报 2011年第10期26卷 2302-2312页

作者： page Gary McGuirk Jim Department of Aeronautical and Automotive Engineering Loughborough University

Different turbulence closures were used to predict the flow interaction between the wakes created by compressor outlet guide vanes(OGVs) and a downstream annular *** statistical turbulence models were tested based on the classical Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS) *** high-Re and low-Re(Launder-Sharma) versions of the k-ε model were applied to a selected test problem for OGV wake/diffuser *** test problem was specifically chosen because experimentally determined inlet conditions and both profile and performance data were available to validate predictions.A preliminary study was also reported of the more advanced large eddy simulation(LES) *** LES sub-grid-scale(SGS) model was the basic Smagorinsky eddy viscosity assumption,with a Van-Driest damping function for improved capture of near-wall viscous *** between the two RANS models showed little difference in terms of velocity contours at OGV trailing edge and diffuser *** terms of overall diffuser performance(static pressure recovery and total pressure loss coefficients),the high-Re model was shown to agree well with experimental *** preliminary LES study indicates the highly unsteady character of the OGV wake flow,but requires improved treatment of inlet conditions.

关键词： outlet guide vane(OGV) wakes diffuser flow interaction Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS) modelling large eddy simulation(LES) modelling

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Combustion analysis of a hydrogen-diesel fuel operated DI diesel engine with exhaust gas recirculation

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Frontiers in Energy 2017年第4期11卷 568-574页

作者： M. LOGANATHAN A. VELMURUGAN TOM page E. JAMES GUNASEKARAN p. TAMILARASAN Department of Mechanical Engineering Annamalai University Anna- malainagar 608002 India product Design and Manufacturing Loughborough University Lough- borough LE11 3TU United Kingdom

The rapid depletion of fossil fuel and growing demand necessitates researchers to find alternative fuels which are clean and sustainable. The need for finding renewable, low cost and environmentally friendly fuel resources can never be understated. An efficient method of generation and storage of hydrogen will enable automotive manufacturers to introduce hydrogen fuelled engine in the market. In this paper, a conventional DI diesel engine was modified to operate as gas engine. The intake manifold of the engine was supplied with hydrogen along with recirculated exhaust gas and air. The injection rates of hydrogen were maintained at three levels with 2 L/min, 4 L/min, 6 L/min and 8 L/min and 10 L/min with an injection pressure of 2 bar. Many of the combustion parameters like heat release rate （HRR）, ignition delay, combustion duration, rate of pressure rise （ROpR）, cumulative heat release rate （CHR）, and cyclic pressure fluctuations were measured. The HRR peak pressure decreased with the increase in EGR rate, while combustion duration increased with the EGR rate. The cyclic pressure variation also increased with the increase in EGR rate.

关键词： hydrogen exhaust gas recirculation (EGR),diesel combustion heat release rate (HRR) combustionduration

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Androgens and prostate disease

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2014年第2期16卷 248-255,I0009页

作者： Lori A Cooper Stephanie T page Departments of Medicine Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism University of Washington Seattle University of Washington and Harborview Medical Center Seattle Washington USA.

A growing body of literature has established the anabolic benefits of testosterone （T） therapy in hypogonadal men. However, there remains a paucity of data regarding the risks of exogenous androgen use in older men and the potential for adverse effects on the prostate gland. Whether T therapy in older, hypogonadal men might worsen lower urinary tract symptoms or exacerbate, unmask, or even incite prostate cancer development has tempered enthusiasm for T therapy, while known prostatic disease has served as a relative contraindication to T therapy. Androgens are necessary for the development and maintenance of the prostate gland. However, epidemiologic studies do not consistently find a positive relationship between endogenous serum androgen concentrations and the risk of prostate disease. Recent data demonstrate that 5α-reductase inhibitors decrease the risk of low-grade prostate cancer, suggesting that modifying androgen metabolism may have beneficial effects on prostate health, yet similar reductions in high-grade disease have not been observed, thereby questioning the true clinical benefits of these agents for chemoprevention. Knowing how to best investigate the relationship between androgens and the development of prostate disease given the lack of large, randomized trials is difficult. Accumulating data challenges the assumption that alterations in serum androgens have parallel effects within the prostate hormonal environment or change androgen-regulated processes within the gland. Long-term intervention studies are needed to truly ascertain the effects of androgen manipulation on prostate tissue and disease risk. However, available data do not support the notion that restoring serum androgens to normal physiologic ranges drives prostate disease.

关键词： androgens male hypogonadism prostate testosterone

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Otitis media with effusion in children: pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment.A review

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Journal of Otology 2019年第2期14卷 33-39页

作者： pauline Vanneste Cyril page Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery Amiens University Hospital

Otitis media with effusion(OME)is a frequent paediatric *** condition is often asymptomatic,and so can easily be ***,OME can lead to hearing loss that impairs the child's language and behavioural *** diagnosis is essentially clinical,and is based on otoscopy and(in some cases)*** endoscopy is only indicated in cases of unilateral OME or when obstructive adenoid hypertrophy is *** media with effusion is defined as the observation of middle-ear effusion at consultations three months *** must be evaluated(using an age-appropriate audiometry technique)before and after treatment,so as not to miss another underlying cause of deafness(*** deafness).Craniofacial dysmorphism,respiratory allergy and gastro-oesophageal reflux all favour the development of *** a certain number of medications(antibiotics,corticoids,antihistamines,mucokinetic agents,and nasal decongestants)can be used to treat OME,they are not reliably effective and rarely provide long-term *** benchmark treatment for OME is placement of tympanostomy tubes(TTs)and(in some cases)adjunct *** TTs rapidly normalize hearing and effectively prevent the development of cholesteatoma in the middle *** contrast,TTs do not prevent progression towards tympanic atrophy or a retraction *** enhances the effectiveness of *** children with adenoid hypertrophy,adenoidectomy is indicated before the age of 4 but can be performed later when OME is identified by nasal *** must be followed up until OME has disappeared completely,so that any complications are not missed.

关键词： Otitis media with effusion Tympanostomy tube Ventilation tube Grommet Child

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Fifty Years of Water Sensitive Urban Design, Salisbury, South Australia

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2017年第4期11卷 63-72页

作者： John C. Radcliffe Declan page Bruce Naumann peter Dillon CSIRO Land and Water Private Bag 2 Glen Osmond South Australia 5064 Australia City of Salisbury 12 James St Salisbury South Australia 5108 Australia

Australia has developed extensive policies and guidelines for the management of its water. The City of Salisbury, located within metropolitan Adelaide, South Australia, developed rapidly through urbanisation from the 1970s. Water sensitive urban design principles were adopted to maximise the use of the increased rim-off generated by urbanisation and ameliorate flood risk. Managed aquifer recharge was introduced for storing remediated low-salinity stormwater by aquifer storage and recovery （ASR） in a brackish aquiter for subsequent lrngatlon. Ibis paper outlines now a municipal government has progressively adopted principles of Water Sensitive Urban Design during its development within a framework of evolving national water policies. Salisbury＇s success with stormwater harvesting led to the formation of a pioneering w aterbusiness that includes linking projects from nine sites to provide a non-potable supply of 5 ×10^6 m^3 year. These installations hosted a number of applied research projects addressing well configuration, water quality, reliability and economics and facilitated the evaluation of its system as a potential potable water source. The evaluation showed that while untreated stonnwater contained contaminants, subsurface storage and end-use controls were sufficient to make recovered water sale for public open space irrigation, and with chlorination acceptable lbr third pipe supplies. Drinking water quality could be achieved by adding microfiltration, disinfection with UV and chlorination. The costs that would need to be expended to achieve drinking water safety standards were found to be considerably less than the cost of establishing dual pipe distribution systems. The full cost of supply was determined to be AUD$1.57 m ＂ for non-potable water for pubhc open space lrngatlon much cheaper than mares water, AUD $3.45 m at that time. producing and storing potable water was found to cost AUDS1.96 to $2.24 m .

关键词： Managed Aquifer Recharge (mar) Stormwater harvesting Water recycling drinking water Low impact development Water sensitive urban design

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A role for dihydrotestosterone treatment in older men？

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2011年第2期13卷 199-200页

作者： mara Y Roth Stephanie T page University of Washington Medical Center 1959 NEPacific St Box 357138 Seattle WA 98195 USA

Androgens play a vital role in the main- tenance of health in normal *** supports bone development and strength, provides anabolic effects for maintenance of lean muscle mass, and contributes to normal sexual function... 详细信息

关键词： Rings and moons

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Hybrid predictive Ensembles:Synergies Between Human and Computational Forecasts

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Journal of Social Computing 2021年第2期2卷 89-102页

作者： Lu Hong pJ Lamberson Scott E page Department of Finance Loyola University ChicagoChicagoIL 606002USA Department of Communication University of California at Los Angeles(UCLA)Los AngelesCA 90095USA School University of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48104USA

An increasing proportion of decisions,design choices,and predictions are being made by hybrid groups consisting of humans and artificial intelligence(AI).In this paper,we provide analytic foundations that explain the potential benefits of hybrid groups on predictive tasks,the primary use of *** analysis relies on interpretive and generative signal frameworks as well as a distinction between the big data used by AI and the thick,often narrative data used by *** derive several conditions on accuracy and correlation necessary for humans to remain in the *** conclude that human adaptability along with the potential for atypical cases that mislead AI will likely mean that humans always add value on predictive tasks.

关键词： collective intelligence predictive models hybrid groups big data thick data

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Woody biochar potential for abandoned mine land restoration in the U.S.:a review

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Biochar 2021年第1期3卷 7-22页

作者： Carlos Rodriguez‑Franco Deborah S.page‑Dumroese U.S.Department of Agriculture Forest ServiceWashington Office.Research and Development20114th StreetS.W.2 NWWashingtonDC 20250USA U.S.Department of Agriculture Forest ServiceRocky Mountain Research Station1221 S.MainMoscowID 83843USA

There are thousands of abandoned mine land(AML)sites in the *** need to be restored to reduce wind and water erosion,provide wildlife forage,shade streams,and improve *** created from woody biomass that would normally be burned in slash piles can be applied to soil to improve soil properties and is one method to restore AML soil productive *** this‘waste’biomass for biochar and reclamation activities will reduce wildfire risk,air pollution from burning,and particulates released from burning *** has the potential to improve water quality,bind heavy metals,or decrease toxic chemical concentrations,while improving soil health to establish sustainable plant cover,thereby preventing soil erosion,leaching,or other unintended,negative environmental *** forest residues to create biochar also helps reduce woody biomass and improves forest health and *** address concerns surrounding organic and inorganic contaminants on the biochar and how this might affect its’efficacy and provide valuable information to increase restoration activities on AMLs using biochar alone or in combination with other organic *** examples of AML biochar restoration sites initiated to evaluate short-and long-term above-and belowground ecosystem responses are presented.

关键词： Biochar Abandoned mine lands Restoration Woody biomass Heavy metals

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Development of NK cell-based cancer immunotherapies through receptor engineering

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2024年第4期21卷 315-331页

作者： Audrey page Nicolas Chuvin Jenny Valladeau-Guilemond Stéphane Depil Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon UMR INSERM U1052 CNRS 5286Centre Léon BérardLyonFrance ErVimmune LyonFrance Centre Léon Bérard LyonFrance UniversitéClaude Bernard Lyon 1 LyonFrance

Natural killer(NK)cell-based immunotherapies are attracting increasing interest in the field of cancer *** clinical trials have shown promising outcomes,alongside satisfactory product efficacy and *** developments have greatly increased the therapeutic potential of NK cells by endowing them with enhanced recognition and cytotoxic *** review focuses on surface receptor engineering in NK cell therapy and discusses its impact,challenges,and future *** approaches are based on engineering with chimeric antigen receptors to allow NK cells to target specific tumor antigens independent of human leukocyte antigen *** approach has increased the precision and potency of NK-mediated recognition and elimination of cancer *** addition,engineering NK cells with T-cell receptors also mediates the recognition of intracellular epitopes,which broadens the range of target *** tumor peptide recognition by NK cells has also been improved by optimizing immunoglobulin constant fragment receptor expression and ***,engineered NK cells have an improved ability to recognize and destroy target cells coated with specific antibodies,thereby increasing their antibodydependent cellular *** ability of NK cell receptor engineering to promote the expansion,persistence,and infiltration of transferred cells in the tumor microenvironment has also been ***-based strategies for sustained NK cell functionality within the tumor environment have also been discussed,and these strategies providing perspectives to counteract tumor-induced ***,receptor engineering has led to significant advances in NK cell-based cancer *** technical challenges are addressed,these innovative treatments will likely reshape cancer immunotherapy.

关键词： NK cells Cell therapy Receptor engineering CAR

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