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Microglia depletion as a therapeutic strategy:friend or foe in multiple sclerosis models?

Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第2期18卷 267-272页

作者： Victoria Sofia Berenice Wies Mancini Anabella Ayelen Di Pietro laura Andrea Pasquini Universidad de Buenos Aires Facultad de Farmacia y BioquímicaDepartamento de Química BiológicaCátedra de Química Biológica PatológicaBuenos AiresArgentina Universidad de Buenos Aires Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y TécnicasInstituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas Prof.Dr.Alejandro C.PaladiniFacultad de Farmacia y BioquímicaBuenos AiresArgentina

M ultiple sclerosis is a chro nic central nervous system demyelinating disease whose onset and progression are driven by a combination of immune dysregulation,genetic predisposition,and environmental fa *** activation of microglia and astrocytes is a key player in multiple sclerosis immunopathology,playing specific roles associated with anatomical location and phase of the disease and controlling demyelination and *** though reactive mic roglia can damage tissue and heighten deleterious effects and neurodegeneration,activated microglia also perform neuroprotective functions such as debris phagocytosis and growth fa ctor *** can be activated into pro-inflammato ry phenotype A1 through a mechanism mediated by activated neuroinflammatory microglia,which could also mediate *** A1 phenotype inhibits oligodendrocyte prolife ration and differe ntiation and is toxic to both oligodendrocytes and *** r,astroglial activation into phenotype A2 may also take place in response to neurodegeneration and as a protective mechanism.A variety of animal models mimicking specific multiple sclerosis features and the associated pathophysiological processes have helped establish the cascades of events that lead to the initiation,progression,and resolution of the *** colonystimulating facto r-1 receptor is expressed by myeloid lineage cells such as peripheral monocytes and macrophages and central nervous system ***,as microglia development and survival critically rely on colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor signaling,colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor inhibition can almost completely eliminate microglia from the *** this context,the present review discusses the impact of microglial depletion through colo ny-stimulating factor-1 receptor inhibition on demyelination,neurodegeneration,astroglial activation,and behavior in different multiple sclerosis models,highlighting the diversity of micr

关键词： astrocytes colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor inhibition cuprizone demyelnation microglia multiple sclerosis neurodegeneration

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Neuroprotection and neuroregeneration:roles for the white matter

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第11期17卷 2376-2380页

作者： Vito Antonio Baldassarro Agnese Stanzani Luciana Giardino laura Calzà Luca Lorenzini Department of Veterinary Medical Science University of BolognaBolognaItaly Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research in Life Sciences and Technologies University of BolognaBolognaItaly Fondazione IRET Ozzano EmiliaItaly Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology University of BolognaBolognaItaly Montecatone Rehabilitation Institute ImolaItaly

Efficient strategies for neuroprotection and repair are still an unmet medical need for neurodegenerative diseases and lesions of the central nervous *** the last few decades,a great deal of attention has been focused on white matter as a potential therapeutic target,mainly due to the discovery of the oligodendrocyte precursor cells in the adult central nervous system,a cell type able to fully repair myelin damage,and to the development of advanced imaging techniques to visualize and measure white matter *** combination of these two events has greatly increased the body of research into white matter alte rations in central nervous system lesions and neurodegenerative diseases and has identified the oligodendrocyte precursor cell as a putative target for white matter lesion repair,thus indirectly contributing to *** review aims to discuss the potential of white matter as a therapeutic target for neuroprotection in lesions and diseases of the central nervous *** conditions are discussed,specifically multiple scle rosis as a white matter disease;spinal cord injury,the acute lesion of a central nervous system component where white matter prevails over the gray matte r,and Alzheimer's disease,where the white matter was considered an ancilla ry component until *** first describe oligodendrocyte precursor cell biology and developmental myelination,and its regulation by thyroid hormones,then briefly describe white matter imaging techniques,which are providing information on white matter involvement in central nervous system lesions and degenerative ***,we discuss pathological mechanisms which interfere with myelin repair in adulthood.

关键词： Alzheimer's disease multiple sclerosis oligodendrocyte precursor cells spinal cord injury thyroid hormone traumatic brain injury white matter white matter imaging

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Influence of surface roughness on the color of dental-resin composites

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2011年第7期12卷 552-562页

作者： Razvan GHINEA laura UGARTE-ALVAN Ana YEBRA Oscar E.PECHO Rade D.PARAVINA maria del mar PEREZ Department of Optics Faculty of ScienceUniversity of Granada Department of Stomatology Faculty of OdontologyUniversity of Granada Houston Center for Biomaterials and Biomimetics & Department of Restorative Dentistry and Biomaterials University of Texas Dental Branch at Houston

This study deals with the influence of surface roughness on the color of resin *** resin composites (microfilled,hybrid,and microhybrid) were each polished with 500-grit,1 200-grit,2 000-grit,and 4 000-grit SiC *** roughness parameter (Ra) was measured using a Plμ confocal microscope,and field-emission scanning electron microscope (Fe-SEM) images were used to investigate filler *** was measured using a spectroradiometer and a D65 standard illuminant (geometry diffuse/0° specular component excluded (SCE) mode).Surface roughness decreased with grit number and was not influenced by filler size or size distribution.A significant influence of Ra on lightness (L*) was *** increased with decreases in roughness,except for specimens that underwent polishing procedure 4 (PP4;500-grit,1 200-grit,2 000-grit,and 4 000-grit SiC papers consecutively).Generally,it was found that surface roughness influenced the color of resin *** composites that underwent PP1 (500-grit SiC paper) exhibited significant differences in chroma (C*),hue (h°),and lightness (L*) compared to composites that underwent PP3 (500-grit,1 200-grit,and 2 000-grit SiC papers consecutively) and *** difference (E*) between the polishing procedures was within acceptability thresholds in dentistry.

关键词： Color measurement Dental resin composites Roughness

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Rayleigh waves from correlation of seismic noise in Great Island of Tierra del Fuego,Argentina:Constraints on upper crustal structure

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Geodesy and Geodynamics 2018年第1期9卷 2-12页

作者： Carolina Buffoni martin Schimmel Nora Cristina Sabbione maría laura Rosa Gerardo Connon Faculty of Astronomical and Geophysical Sciences National University of La PlataPaseo Del Bosque Sin B1900F WAArgentina Institute of Earth SciencesJaume Almera-CSIC Lluis SoléSabarfs S/n Barcelona E-08028Spain Astronomical Station of Rio Grande(EARG) Ruta C y Acceso Aeropuerto9420EARRfo GrandeArgentina National Scientific and Technical Research Council(CONICET) Av.Rivadavia 1917 C1033AAJAutonomous City of Buenos AiresArgentina

In this study, the ambient seismic noise cross-correlation technique is applied to estimate the upper structure of the crust beneath Great Island of Tierra del Fuego（TdF）, Argentina, by the analysis of shortperiod Rayleigh wave group velocities. The island, situated in the southernmost South America, is a key area of investigation among the interaction between the South American and Scotia plates and is considered as a very seismically active one. Through cross-correlating the vertical components of ambient seismic noise registered at four broadband stations in TdF, we were able to extract Rayleigh waves which were used to estimate group velocities in the period band of 2.5-16 s using a timefrequency analysis. Although ambient noise sources are distributed in homogeneously, robust empirical Green＇s functions could be recovered from the cross-correlation of 12 months of ambient noise, The observed group velocities were inverted considering a non-linear iterative damped least-squares inversion procedure and several 1-D shear wave velocity models of the upper crust were *** to the inversion results, the S-wave velocity ranges between 1.75 and 3,7 km/s in the first10 km of crust, depending on the pair of stations considered. These results are in agreement to the major known surface and sub-surface geological and tectonic features known in the area. This study represents the first ambient seismic noise analysis in TdF in order to constraint the upper crust beneath this *** can also be considered as a successful feasibility study for future analyses with a denser station deployment for a more detailed imaging of structure.

关键词： Ambient seismic noise cross-correlation Rayleigh wave dispersion Upper crust Tierra del Fuego

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Preliminary study of gravimetric anomalies in the Magallanes-Fagnano fault system,South America

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Geodesy and Geodynamics 2018年第1期9卷 42-49页

作者： Juan Manuel Alcacer maría Romina Onorato laura P.Perucca Silvia Miranda CONICET-Av.lgnacio de La Roza(oeste)590 J5402DCSSan JuanArgentina Departmento Geofisica Universidad Nacional de San JuanAv.Ignacio de ga Roza(oeste)590J5402DC5San JuanArgentina CIGEOBIO-CONICET Gabinete de Neotect6nica y Geomorfologfa(INGEO)Facultad de Ciencias ExactasFfsicas y NaturalesUniversidad Nacional de San JuanAv.lgnacio de La Roza(oeste)590J5402DCSSan JuanArgentina

The main objective of this research is to recognize several geological structures associated with the shear zones of the MFFS（Magallanes-Fagnano fault system） by the analysis and interpretation of gravimetric anomalies. Besides, to compare the gravimetrical response of the cortical blocks that integrate the region under study, which is related to the different morphotectonic domains recognized in the region. This research was developed employing data obtained from World Gravity 1.0, which includes earth and satellite gravity data derived from the EGM2008 model. The study and interpretation of the MFFS from the analysis and processing of the gravimetric data, allowed appreciation of a noticeable correlation with the most superficial cortical structure.

关键词： Gravimetry Isostatic anomaly Magallanes-Fagnano fault system Argentina

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Suicidal Behaviours in Sickle Cell Patients at the Douala Sickle Cell Care Centre in Cameroon

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Open Journal of Psychiatry 2024年第3期14卷 265-281页

作者： Christian Eyoum Léonce Kengno Kologne Charlotte Eposse Ekoube Annick Mélanie Magnerou Joséphine Manga Befolo Cindy laura Ndepa Daniel Gams Massi Aurore Nzesseu Djomo Guy Jonas Basseguin Atchou Guy Calvin Mbongo’O Rihta Mbono Mbekoto Iyawa Hassanatou Fabiola Tchouankeu Kounga Christiane Medi Sike Josiane Essola Jacques Narcisse Doumbe Erero Njiengwe Callixte Kuate Tegueu Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Douala Douala Cameroon Laquintinie Hospital Douala Cameroon Faculty of Health Sciences University of Buea Buea Cameroon Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaound&#233 1 Yaound&#233 Cameroon

Introduction: Sickle cell anaemia is a hereditary disease that combines physical and psychological manifestations, including suicidal tendencies. So far, to our knowledge, no study has been conducted on suicidal behaviours among people with sickle cell disease in Cameroon. This is what justifies our study on the prevalence and factors related to suicidal behaviors in our study population. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional, analytical study of 171 sickle cell patients aged from 12 years upwards who came to the sickle cell disease care service of the Laquintinie Hospital in Douala, over a period of 6 months, that is, from 1 January to 31 June 2022. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire with questions on suicidal behaviours based on the “MINI” (Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview). The data were processed using the SPSS 26.0 software. The related factors were studied in both a bivariate and multivariate analysis. Results: Female sickle cell patients accounted for 60.2% of the sample. The mean age was 23.36 ± 8.42 years. Suicidal ideation was prevalent in 56% of cases and 13% attempted suicide. The factors most associated with suicidal ideation were: primary level of education (OR = 0.08 (0.09 - 0.79);p = 0.03), feeling unworthy of life (OR = 0.40 (0.08 - 1.96);p = 0.02), not often being considered by those around them (OR = 2.97 (1.26 - 6.99);p = 0.01), lack of family support (OR = 0.34 (0.15 - 0.77);p = 0.01). Meanwhile, the factors associated with suicide attempts were: the fact of being rarely exposed to suicide-related media (OR = 4.17 (1.40 - 71.80);p = 0.03), and a constant feeling of sadness when returning home (OR = 18.02 (1.59 - 20.55);p = 0.01). Conclusion: More than half of sickle cell patients had had suicidal thoughts and 1/6 had made at least one suicide attempt, women and young adults being the most concerned. It is therefore necessary to ensure optimum psychological care for patients with sickle cell disease.

关键词： Sickle Cell Disease Suicidal Behaviours Self-Harm

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How does a data strategy enable customer value?The case of FinTechs and traditional banks under the open finance framework

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Financial Innovation 2022年第1期8卷 2045-2078页

作者： laura Grassi Nicolas Figini Lorenzo Fedeli School of Management Politecnico di Milanovia Lambruschini 4bMilanItaly

The coupling of data and digital innovation opens the way for new business in the financial services sector,where customers are placed at the centre of decisions and data can help to develop customer *** carry out our research,we adopted a multi-case study approach to explore how a data strategy is developed in the retail banking industry,together with its relationship with customer value,paying particular attention to the heterogeneity between traditional banks and financial technology companies(FinTechs).Two main points emerged from the ***,there are three possible approaches to Open Finance,which are mainly defined by their different corporate cultures,organisational configurations,technological architecture and data ***,it is not enough to be a FinTech to be best placed to exploit the market,as some traditional banks share the FinTechs’approach to Open *** new tailored products,customising their prices and offering them over the right channels through targeted communication are all data-driven initiatives that stem from cross-or up-selling potential,core to the retail banking industry for turning a customer into a cash flow,thus enabling value to be created for *** findings additionally revealed that there is a form of external information asymmetry between the customer and the bank,and that there is also an internal asymmetry between bank departments,as their visibility on information about the same customer may differ.

关键词： FinTech Open finance Customer orientation Customer centric Data valorisation Open banking

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谁是最早的美洲人?

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环球科学 2024年第10期 66-69页

作者：劳拉·格格尔本·比格斯陈梓萌(译) 不详

在末次冰期,人类冒险进入了两块广袤而未知的大陆:北美洲和南美洲。近一个世纪以来,研究人员一直认为他们知道这次冒险旅程是如何发生的。当海平面降低,白令陆桥就会露出,连接亚洲和北美洲。第一批穿越白令陆桥的人是克洛维斯人,他们在... 详细信息

在末次冰期,人类冒险进入了两块广袤而未知的大陆:北美洲和南美洲。近一个世纪以来,研究人员一直认为他们知道这次冒险旅程是如何发生的。当海平面降低,白令陆桥就会露出,连接亚洲和北美洲。第一批穿越白令陆桥的人是克洛维斯人,他们在1.3万年前完成了这次旅行。根据“克洛维斯人先驱论”,美洲的每个原住民都可以追溯到这一次内陆迁徙。

关键词：白令陆桥克洛维末次冰期原住民北美洲海平面南美洲冒险

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A novel semantic segmentation approach based on U-Net,WU-Net,and U-Net++deep learning for predicting areas sensitive to pluvial flood at tropical area

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2023年第1期16卷 3661-3679页

作者： laura Melgar-García Francisco martínez-álvarez Dieu Tien Bui Alicia Troncoso Data Science&Big Data Lab Pablo de Olavide UniversitySevilleSpain GIS Group Department of Business and ITUniversity of South-Eastern NorwayGullbringvegen 36B?i Telemark3800Norway

Floods remain one of the most devastating weather-induced disastersworldwide, resulting in numerous fatalities each year and severelyimpacting socio-economic development and the ***, the ability to predict flood-prone areas in advance is crucialfor effective risk management. The objective of this research is to assessand compare three convolutional neural networks, U-Net, WU-Net, andU-Net++, for spatial prediction of pluvial flood with a case study at atropical area in the north of Vietnam. They are relative new convolutionalgorithms developed based on U-shaped architectures. For this task, ageospatial database with 796 historical flood locations and 12 floodindicators was prepared. For training the models, the binary crossentropywas employed as the loss function, while the Adaptive momentestimation (ADAM) algorithm was used for the optimization of themodel parameters, whereas, F1-score and classification accuracy (Acc)were used to assess the performance of the models. The results unequivocally highlight the high performance of the three models,achieving an impressive accuracy rate of 96.01%. The flood susceptibility maps derived from this research possess considerable utility for local authorities, providing valuable insights and informationto enhance decision-making processes and facilitate the implementation of effective risk management strategies.

关键词： Flash-flood assessment convolutional networks climate change GIS

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Limited Contribution of Preferential Dissolution to Radiogenic Uranium Isotope Disequilibrium Observed in Weathered Moraines

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Journal of Earth Science 2022年第1期33卷 57-66页

作者： Laifeng Li laura FRobinson Tianyu Chen Zhewen Xu Jun Chen Gaojun Li MOE Key Laboratory of Surficial Geochemistry Department of Earth and Planetary SciencesNanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China School of Geography and Ocean Science Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China School of Earth Sciences University of BristolBristol BS81RJUK Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China

Radiogenic uranium isotope disequilibrium(^(234)U/^(238)U) has been used to trace a variety of Earth surface processes,and is usually attributed to direct recoil of ^(234)Th and preferential dissolution of radioactively damaged lattices at the mineral ***,the relative contribution of these two mechanisms in the natural environment remains unresolved,making it hard to use the extent of disequilibrium to quantify processes such as *** study tests the contribution of preferential dissolution using well-characterized weathered moraines and river sediments from the southeastern Tibetan *** observations show that weathering of recent moraines where the contribution from direct recoil is negligible and is not associated with depletion of ^(234)U at the mineral *** suggests a limited role for preferential dissolution in this *** attribute this lack of preferential dissolution to a near-to-equilibrium dissolution at the weathering interfaces,with little development of etch pits associated with radioactively damaged energetic sites.

关键词： preferential dissolution uranium isotope disequilibrium Gongga Mountain comminution comminution age etch pits

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