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A laser-engraved wearable gait recognition sensor system for exoskeleton robots

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2024年第2期10卷 269-277页

作者： maowen Sun Songya Cui Zezheng Wang Huayu Luo Huayong Yang Xiaoping Ouyang Kaichen xu State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems School of Mechanical EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China School of Information and Electrical Engineering Hangzhou City UniversityHangzhou310015China

As a reinforcement technology that improves load-bearing ability and prevents injuries,assisted exoskeleton robots have extensive applications in freight transport and health care.The perception of gait information by such robots is vital for their control.This information is the basis for motion planning in assistive and collaborative functions.Here,a wearable gait recognition sensor system for exoskeleton robots is presented.Pressure sensor arrays based on laser-induced graphene are developed with flexibility and reliability.Multiple sensor units are integrated into an insole to detect real-time pressure at key plantar positions.In addition,the circuit hardware and the algorithm are designed to reinforce the sensor system with the capability of gait recognition.The experimental results show that the accuracy of gait recognition by the proposed system is 99.85%,and the effectiveness of the system is further verified through testing on an exoskeleton robot.

关键词： hardware robot skeleton

Cathode host engineering for non-lithium(Na,K and Mg)sulfur/selenium batteries:A state-of-the-art review

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Nano Materials Science 2023年第2期5卷 119-140页

作者： Tingting Yang Yubin Niu Qi Liu maowen xu Institute for Clean Energy&Advanced Materials Faculty of Materials and EnergySouthwest UniversityChongqing400715PR China Department of Physics City University of Hong KongHong Kong999077China

Sulfur and selenium have been paid more and more attention in energy storage systems because of their high theoretical specific gravimetric and volumetric capacities.With the increasing scarcity of lithium resources,secondary batteries made of sulfur and selenium coupled with other alkali metal/alkaline earth metals(e.g.Na,K,Mg)are expected to play a vital role in future production and human life.Due to the volume expansion,poor conductivity and shuttle effect,the structure design of cathode,as one of the important roles in metal-S/Se batteries,has always been a hot and difficult point.In the review,various host materials of S and Se are clarified and discussed.Typically,carbonaceous materials are the most widely used hosts,while polar materials are becoming more and more popular in metal-S/Se batteries.Through a comprehensive overview,it is hoped that previous research experiences can provide further reference and guidance for the sustainable development of metal-S/Se batteries.

关键词： Non-lithium batteries Sulfur/selenium cathodes Redox reaction Energy storage

Editorial for a special issue on:(Photo)electrochemical materials and devices

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Nano Materials Science 2023年第2期5卷 117-118页

作者： maowen xu Yuxin Zhang Lili Zhang Institute for Clean Energy&Advanced Materials School of Materials and EnergySouthwest UniversityChongqing400715PR China College of Materials Science and Engineering Chongqing UniversityChongqing400044PR China Catalysis&Green Process Engineering Institute of Sustainability for ChemicalsEnergy and Environment627833Singapore

With the development of human society and the depletion of non-renewable energy sources,alternate energy resources are becoming an urgent demand.In recent years,energy storage and conversion devices have drawn wide at... 详细信息

关键词： becoming depletion urgent

A high-durability aqueous Cu-S battery assisted by pre-copper electrochemistry

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Nano Research 2023年第7期16卷 9553-9560页

作者： Jing Zhao Yuruo Qi Tian Huang Yi Zhang Peipei Zhi Shujuan Bao maowen xu School of Materials and Energy Southwest UniversityChongqing 400715China Chongqing Key Lab for Advanced Materials and Clean Energies of Technologies Southwest UniversityChongqing 400715China Chongqing Municipal Engineering Research Center of Institutions of Higher Education for Special Welding Materials and Technology Chongqing University of technologyChongqing 400054China

Although research interest in aqueous metal-sulfur batteries(AMSs)has surged due to their intrinsic low cost and high capacity,the practical application of AMSs remains a considerable challenge because of the restrictive cycling stability.To circumvent this issue,we propose an innovative and simple pre-copper strategy to realize a high-durability aqueous Cu-S battery.The precopper strategy can effectively promote a stable metal dissolution/deposition,compensate for charge carriers,and facilitate reaction kinetics during the subsequent process.As a result,the aqueous Cu-S battery when coupled with S-decorated porous Ti_(3)C_(2)(S-d-Ti_(3)C_(2))exhibits excellent electrochemical performance,delivering a highly reversible capacity of 1805.4 mAh·g^(-1)in the initial cycle at 0.8 A·g^(-1),impressive cycling stability with 90.2%capacity retention over 800 cycles,and ultralow polarization~0.08 V even at a high current density of 3.1 A·g^(-1).The findings obtained in this work could pave the way for the design of highperformance sulfur-based aqueous batteries,which fill the vacancy of the necessary metal anode,delivering merits in both cost and cycle life.

关键词： aqueous metal-sulfur batteries pre-copper treatment irreversible capacity loss electrochemical performance

Minimizing Carbon Content with Three-in-One Functionalized Nano Conductive Ceramics:Toward More Practical and Safer S Cathodes of Li-S Cells

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2023年第3期6卷 31-39页

作者： Ning Li Chang Sun Jianhui Zhu Shun Li Yanlong Wang maowen xu Changming Li Jian Jiang School of Materials and Energy and Chongqing Key Lab for Advanced Materials and Clean Energies of TechnologiesSouthwest UniversityChongqing 400715China School of Physical Science and Technology Southwest UniversityChongqing 400715China Key Laboratory of Chemical Lasers Dalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesDalian 116023China College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Key Laboratory of Laser Technology and Optoelectronic Functional Materials of Hainan Provinceand Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Photoelectrochemistry of HaikouHainan Normal UniversityHaikou 571158China

Using porous carbon hosts in cathodes of Li-S cells can disperse S actives and offset their poor electrical conductivity.However,such reservoirs would in turn absorb excess electrolyte solvents to S-unfilled regions,causing the electrolyte overconsumption,specific energy decline,and even safety hazards for battery devices.To build better cathodes,we propose to substitute carbons by In-doped SnO_(2)(ITO)nano ceramics that own three-in-one functionalities:1)using conductive ITO enables minimizing the total carbon content to an extremely low mass ratio(~3%)in cathodes,elevating the electrode tap density and averting the electrolyte overuse;2)polar ITO nanoclusters can serve as robust anchors toward Li polysulfide(LiPS)by electrostatic adsorption or chemical bond interactions;3)they offer catalysis centers for liquid–solid phase conversions of S-based actives.Also,such ceramics are intrinsically nonflammable,preventing S cathodes away from thermal runaway or explosion.These merits entail our configured cathodes with high tap density(1.54 g cm^(−3)),less electrolyte usage,good security for flame retardance,and decent Li-storage behaviors.With lean and LiNO_(3)-free electrolyte,packed full cells exhibit excellent redox kinetics,suppressed LiPS shuttling,and excellent cyclability.This may trigger great research enthusiasm in rational design of low-carbon and safer S cathodes.

关键词： flame retardance Li-S cells minimized carbon ratio nano conductive ceramics three-in-one functionality

Riverine sulfate sources and behaviors in arid environment,Northwest China:Constraints from sulfur and oxygen isotopes

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第3期137卷 716-731页

作者： Yifu xu Wenjing Liu Bing xu Zhifang xu Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Innovation Academy for Earth Science Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

The fate of riverine sulfate ion (SO_(4)^(2-)) and its environmental effects in arid environment are difficult to evaluate due to its complicated sources and strongly coupled behaviors with water cycle which is significantly modified by humans.To understand the sulfur cycle in aquatic systems in arid environment,the chemical and sulfur and oxygen isotopic compositions (δ^(34)S_(SO4)and δ^(18)O_(SO4)) of major rivers around the Badain Jaran Desert,northwestern China,were investigated.These rivers had averaged SO_(4)^(2-)content at 1336μmol/L,over 10times higher than the global average.The δ^(34)S_(SO4)and δ^(18)O_(SO4)values ranged from-5.3‰to+11.8‰and+1.6‰to+12.8‰,respectively.The end-member analysis and the inverse model showed that riverine sulfate was mainly derived from evaporites dissolution (0-87%),sulfide oxidation (13%-100%) and precipitation (0-33%),indicating heterogeneity in sulfur sources and behaviors along the river drainage with the lithology variations and climate gradients.Multiple isotopic tools combining with hydro-chemistry compositions could be applied to reveal sulfur cycle in arid environment.Based on the calculation,sulfide oxidation plays the primary role in the headwater and upstream in the Qilian-Mountains area,where sulfide is widely exposed.While the proportion of evaporites dissolution contributing to riverine sulfate is much higher in downstream in a drier environment.Besides,less precipitation and higher temperature can lead to more intensive evaporation,affecting the process of sulfide oxidation and enhancing the rates of evaporites dissolution and sulfate precipitation in the basin.

关键词： Sulfur and oxygen isotopes Source apportionment Inverse model Arid environment Inland rivers Northwestern China

MoP nanoparticles with a P-rich outermost atomic layer embedded in N-doped porous carbon nanofibers： Self-supported electrodes for efficient hydrogen generation

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Nano Research 2018年第9期11卷 4728-4734页

作者： Minqiang Wang Cui Ye maowen xu Shujuan Bao Institute for Clean Energy & Advanced Materials Faculty of Materials and Energy Southwest University Chongqing 400715 China Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education) School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Southwest University Chongqing 400715 China

Despite being pursued for a long time, hydrogen production via water splitting is still a huge challenge mainly due to a lack of durable and efficient catalysts. Molybdenum phosphide （MOP） is theoretically capable of efficient hydrogen evolution reaction （HER） catalysis, however, there is still room for further improvement in its performance. Herein, we propose a design for MoP with a P-rich outermost atomic layer for enhancing HER via complementary theoretical and experimental validation. The correlation of computational results suggests that the P-terminated surface of MoP plays a crucial role in determining its high-efficiency catalytic properties. We fabricated a P-rich outermost atomic layer of MoP nanoparticles by using N-doped porous carbon （MoP@NPCNFs） to capture more P on the surface of MoP and limit the growth of nanoparticles. Further, the as-prepared material can be directly employed as a self-supported electrocatalyst, and it exhibits remarkable electrocatalytic activity for HER in acidic media; it also reveals excellent long-term durability for up to 5,000 cycles with negligible loss of catalytic activity.

关键词： P-rich outermost atomiclayer molybdenum phosphide density function theor^self-supported electrocatalyst hydrogen evolution reaction

Effects of Catalysis and Separator Functionalization on High-Energy Lithium–Sulfur Batteries:A Complete Review

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2023年第3期6卷 333-355页

作者： Muhammad Kashif Aslam Sidra Jamil Shahid Hussain maowen xu Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing(Southwest University) Ministry of EducationSchool of Materials and EnergySouthwest UniversityChongqing 400715China School of Materials Science and Engineering Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013China

Lithium–sulfur(Li-S)batteries have the advantages of high theoretical specific capacity(1675 mAh g^(−1)),rich sulfur resources,low production cost,and friendly environment,which makes it one of the most promising next-generation rechargeable energy storage devices.However,the“shuttle effect”of polysulfide results in the passivation of metal lithium anode,the decrease of battery capacity and coulombic efficiency,and the deterioration of cycle stability.To realize the commercialization of Li-S batteries,its serious“shuttle effect”needs to be suppress.The commercial separators are ineffective to suppress this effect because of its large pore size.Therefore,it is an effective strategy to modify the separator surface and introduce functional modified layer.In addition to the blocking strategy,the catalysis of polysulfide conversion reaction is also an important factor hindering the migration of polysulfides.In this review,the principles of separator modification,functionalization,and catalysis in Li-S batteries are reviewed.Furthermore,the research trend of separator functionalization and polysulfide catalysis in the future is prospected.

关键词： catalysis Li-S batteries polysulfides separator functionalization shuttle effect

Biohythane production from two-stage anaerobic digestion of food waste:A review

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第5期139卷 334-349页

作者： Xiaona An Ying xu Xiaohu Dai State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of Environmental Science and EngineeringTongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security Shanghai 200092China

The biotransformation of food waste(FW)to bioenergy has attracted considerable research attention as a means to address the energy crisis and waste disposal problems.To this end,a promising technique is two-stage anaerobic digestion(TSAD),in which the FW is transformed to biohythane,a gaseous mixture of biomethane and biohydrogen.This review summarises the main characteristics of FW and describes the basic principle of TSAD.Moreover,the factors influencing the TSAD performance are identified,and an overview of the research status;economic aspects;and strategies such as pre-treatment,co-digestion,and regulation of microbial consortia to increase the biohythane yield from TSAD is provided.Additionally,the challenges and future considerations associated with the treatment of FW by TSAD are highlighted.This paper can provide valuable reference for the improvement and widespread implementation of TSAD-based FW treatment.

关键词： Two-stage anaerobic digestion(TSAD) Food waste(FW) Methane production Hydrogen production