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Polarization-encoded neural networks with simplified grating patch

Science China(Technological Sciences) 2025年第2期68卷 269-277页

作者： Chengyan ZHONG Xiang WANG Lingfei LI Yuanchi CUI Lei xiao Dawei SONG Junxiong guo Wen HUANG Yufeng guo Yu LIU College of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsNanjing 210023China National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of RF Integration and Micro-Assembly Technology Nanjing 210023China College of Integrated Circuits Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Centre Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China Nanjing Mumusili Technology Co. LTDNanjing 211100China School of Integrated Circuits Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Institute of Advanced Study School of Electronic Information and Electrical EngineeringChengdu UniversityChengdu 610106China State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices School of Integrated Circuit Science and EngineeringUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 610054China

Optical neural networks(ONNs)offer a promising solution for high-performance,energy-efficient artificial intelligence hardware by leveraging the parallelism and speed of ***,the large-scale implementation of ONNs remains challenging due to the bulky footprint and complex control of optical *** this work,we propose and simulate a plasmonic polarized synaptic architecture that overcomes the diffraction limit and enables ultra-compact *** tuning the polarization state of incident light,the optical transmittance through each plasmonic unit can be dynamically adjusted to represent a synaptic *** plasmonic structures,with features as small as 40 nm,operate well below this limit in the visible spectrum(400-750 nm).Compared with diffraction and interference-based circuit designs,our proposed method achieves a substantial reduction in synaptic density by factors of 150000-fold and 1500-fold,***,we successfully demonstrate a proof-of-concept plasmonic ONN applied to the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research—10 classes(CIFAR-10)dataset using a Visual Geometry Group network with 16 layers(VGG16)*** training for 80 epochs,the network achieves an accuracy of 93%.The polarization-tunable plasmonics paves the way towards scalable ONNs for next-generation artificial intelligence(AI)accelerators and smart sensors.

关键词： optical neural networks polarization dependent nanophotonic ultra-compact devices diffraction limit

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Resilient satellite-based PNT system design and key technologies

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Science China Earth Sciences 2025年第3期68卷 669-682页

作者： Yuanxi YANG Zheng YAO Yue mao Tianhe XU Dixing WANG Key Laboratory of Smart Earth Xi'an Research Institute of Surveying and Mapping Department of Electronic Engineering Tsinghua University School of Space Science and Technology Shandong University

Satellite-based positioning navigation and timing(PNT) system is the most fundamental and convenient application system in PNT fields now and in the future, thus the satellite-based PNT service system should be more and more robust, reliable and easy to be applied. Aiming at the weak service performance of the existing BeiDou constellation in the Antarctic and Arctic regions and the possible discontinuous problems in the autonomous orbit determination using BeiDou terminals on board of low earth orbit(LEO) satellites, we propose a scheme to optimize the BeiDou constellation configuration. A relatively optimized deep space PNT service constellation is designed in order to overcome the weak service capability of the BeiDou navigation constellation in deep space. We find that more satellites in the same orbital plane have better positioning geometry than increasing the number of constellation orbital planes. Furthermore, the idea of resilient satellite-based PNT service mode combining deep, high, medium, and low earth orbit navigation constellations is proposed, in order to improve the service capability of multi navigation constellations. To strengthen the satellite PNT service ability, the resilient strategies of on-board phased array antenna, on-board atomic clocks and satellite signal generator are proposed, in which the adaptively possible adjustment of signal power, signal frequency, signal modulation waveform and information format are discussed. Some examples to demonstrate the resilient satellite-based PNT application modes are given.

关键词： BeiDou navigation constellation Resilient navigation constellation Resilient PNT service Resilient signal modulation Adaptive signal power

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Formation and evolution of supercritical geofluid

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Science China Earth Sciences 2025年第1期68卷 39-51页

作者： Huaiwei NI Yilin xiao xiaolin XIONG Xiandong LIU Chunxiao GAO Yi-Xiang CHEN Yunguo LI Wan-Cai LI Xuan guo Yang-Yang WANG Dong-Bo TAN Li ZHANG State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric and Environmental Coevolution University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230026China Deep Space Exploration Laboratory/School of Earth and Space Sciences University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230026China Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou510640China School of Earth Sciences and Engineering Nanjing UniversityNanjing210023China State Key Lab of Superhard Materials Jilin UniversityChangchun130012China

In this work,we provide a comprehensive review on the formation,evolution,properties,and effects of supercritical *** Earth's interior,enhanced miscibility between H_(2)O and silicate by the addition of special components or by the increase of pressure and temperature gives rise to supercritical geofluid with a significant amount of both H_(2)O and silicate *** formation of supercritical geofluid in magmatic-hydrothermal systems,typified by pegmatite system,is governed by meltfluid critical *** formation of supercritical geofluid in metamorphic systems,typified by subducted slab,is governed by the second critical end *** results suggest that the presence of boron and fluorine in pegmatite system makes it possible to form supercritical geofluid at crustal depths,but the release of supercritical geofluid from subducted slab is withheld until almost 100 km depth.A major presence of both H_(2)O and depolymerized structural units(monomers,dimers,etc.)endows supercritical geofluid with unique physical properties including low density,low elastic moduli,low viscosity,high diffusivity,and high electrical *** geofluid can effectively mobilize a variety of elements even including high field strength elements and heavy rare earth *** chemical signatures of supercritical geofluid can be inherited by metasomatized mantle and mantle-derived melts,and this could give an explanation of the oxidation of arc *** separation of supercritical geofluid through the mechanism of spinodal decomposition leads to formation of a melt *** fluid inclusions recovered from subduction zone rocks and pegmatites are possible relics of supercritical *** geofluid can cause electrical anomaly and low seismic velocity near the top of subducted slab,and can be linked with intermediate-focus *** geofluid may have played a crucial role in the formation of pegmatites and associ

关键词： Supercritical geofluid Miscibility Subduction zone Pegmatite

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Bioinspired smart dual-layer hydrogels system with synchronous solar and thermal radiation modulation for energy-saving all-season temperature regulation

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第2期101卷 175-190页

作者： Meng-Chen Huang Chao-Hua Xue Zhongxue Bai Jun Cheng Yong-Gang Wu Chao-Qun Ma Li Wan Long Xie Hui-Di Wang Bing-Ying Liu xiao-Jing guo College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering Shaanxi University of Science & Technology School of Manufacture Science and Engineering Key Laboratory of Testing Technology for Manufacturing Process Ministry of Education Southwest University of Science and Technology School of Life Science and Engineering Southwest University of Science and Technology Northwest Institute for Nonferrous Metal Research Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Biomedical Metal Materials

All-season thermal management with zero energy consumption and emissions is more crucial to global decarbonization over traditional energy-intensive cooling/heating ***,the static single thermal management for cooling or heating fails to self-regulate the temperature in dynamic seasonal temperature ***,inspired by the dual-temperature regulation function of the fur color changes on the backs and abdomens of penguins,a smart thermal management composite hydrogel(PNA@H-PM Gel) system was subtly created though an "on-demand" dual-layer structure design *** PNA@H-PM Gel system features synchronous solar and thermal radiation modulation as well as tunable phase transition temperatures to meet the variable seasonal thermal requirements and energy-saving demands via self-adaptive radiative cooling and solar heating ***,this system demonstrates superb modulations of both the solar reflectance(ΔR=0.74) and thermal emissivity(ΔE=0.52) in response to ambient temperature changes,highlighting efficient temperature regulation with average radiative cooling and solar heating effects of 9.6℃ in summer and 6.1℃ in winter,***,compared to standard building baselines,the PNA@H-PM Gel presents a more substantial energy-saving cooling/heating potentials for energy-efficient buildings across various regions and *** novel solution,inspired by penguins in the real world,will offer a fresh approach for producing intelligent,energy-saving thermal management materials,and serve for temperature regulation under dynamic climate conditions and even throughout all seasons.

关键词： Energy-saving Radiative cooling Self-adaptive thermal management Spectral modulation Thermochromic hydrogel

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Wave effect of gravitational waves intersected with a microlens field II:An adaptive hierarchical tree algorithm and population study

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2025年第1期68卷 237-250页

作者： Xikai Shan guoliang Li Xuechun Chen Wen Zhao Bin Hu Shude mao Purple Mountain Observatory Chinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210023China Department of Astronomy Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Institute for Frontier in Astronomy and Astrophysics Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 102206China School of Physics and Astronomy Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China School of Astronomy and Space Science University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China CAS Key Laboratory for Researches in Galaxies and Cosmology Department of AstronomyUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaChinese Academy of SciencesHefei 230026China

The gravitational lensing wave effect generated by a microlensing field embedded in a lens galaxy is an inevitable phenomenon in strong lensed gravitational waves(SLGWs).This effect presents both challenges and opportunities for the detection and appli-cation of ***,investigating this wave effect requires computing a complete diffraction integral over each microlens in the *** is extremely time-consuming due to the large number of microlenses(10^(3)-10^(6)).Therefore,simply adding all the microlenses is ***,the complexity of the time delay surface makes the lens plane resolution a crucial factor in controlling numerical *** this paper,we propose a trapezoid approximation-based adaptive hierarchical tree algo-rithm to meet the challenges of calculation speed and *** find that this algorithm accelerates the calculation by four orders of magnitude compared to the simple adding method and is one order of magnitude faster than the fixed hierarchical tree algorithm proposed for electromagnetic *** importantly,our algorithm ensures controllable numerical errors,increasing confidence in the *** with our previous work(***.66,239511,2023),this paper addresses all numerical issues,including integral convergence,precision,and computational time1).Finally,we conducted a population study on the microlensing wave effect of SLGWs using this algorithm and found that the microlensing wave effect cannot be ignored,especially for Type II SLGWs(from saddle position of the time delay surface)due to their intrinsic geometric structures and their typical intersection with a denser microlensing ***,more than 33%(11%)of SLGWs have a mismatch larger than 1%(3%)compared to the unlensed ***,we found that the mismatch between signal pairs in a doubly imaged GW is generally larger than 10^(−3),and 61%(25%)of signal pairs have a mismatch larger than 1%(3%).Theref

关键词： gravitational lensing diffractional integral algorithm gravitational wave

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Global Dynamics of a Kawasaki Disease Vascular Endothelial Cell Injury Model with Backward Bifurcation and Hopf Bifurcation

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Acta Mathematicae Applicatae Sinica 2025年第1期41卷 200-233页

作者： Ke guo Wan-biao MA School of Mathematics and Physics University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China

Kawasaki disease(KD)is an acute,febrile,systemic vasculitis that mainly affects children under five years of *** this paper,we propose and study a class of 5-dimensional ordinary differential equation model describing the vascular endothelial cell injury in the lesion area of *** model exhibits forward/backward *** is shown that the vascular injury-free equilibrium is locally asymptotically stable if the basic reproduction number R_(0)1,and some explicit analytic expressions of ultimate lower bounds of the solutions of the model are *** results suggest that the control of vascular injury in the lesion area of KD is not only correlated with the basic reproduction number R_(0),but also with the growth rate of normal vascular endothelial cells promoted by the vascular endothelial growth factor.

关键词： Kawasaki disease model backward bifurcation Hopf bifurcation global stability permanence

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A comparison of the proto-dolomite induced by cyanobacteria and halophilic bacteria:implications for dolomite-inducing microbe identification

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2025年第01期14卷 277-290页

作者：赵延洋 Xiang-Yu Wei xiao Gao Na guo Jie Li Kai-Ming Hu Chao Han Qi-Yu Wang 韩作振 Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Depositional Mineralization and Sedimentary Minerals College of Earth Science and Engineering Shandong University of Science and Technology Laboratory for Marine Mineral Resources Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology Key Laboratory of Sedimentary Basin and Oil and Gas Resources Ministry of Natural Resources Key Laboratory of Deep Oil and Gas China University of Petroleum

This study investigates the morphological and mineralogical characteristics of proto-dolomite induced by two specific microorganisms with varying lifestyles:the extremely halophilic bacterium Vibrio harveyi QPL2 and the cyanobacterium Leptolyngbya boryana. Halophilic bacterially-induced proto-dolomite(HBD) and cyanobacterially-induced proto-dolomite (CBD) were subjected to comprehensive characterization techniques, including X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Focused Ion Beam, thermogravimetric analysis, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results indicate that both HBD and CBD exhibit a low degree of crystallinity and possess comparable molar ratios of MgCO3to CaCO3. Moreover, neither of them exhibits the ordered structure of ideal dolomite. HBD and CBD exhibit notable distinctions in external morphology and internal structure. HBD forms a subunit aggregate with a less dense surface and numerous pinhole structures resulting from bacterial survival. In contrast, CBD adopts a bispherical shape with a relatively dense surface and minimal indications of cyanobacterial survival. Both HBD and CBD have an internal hollow structure. However, HBD is characterized by sparse population and loosely arranged subunits, while CBD features only a central cavity. Additionally, HBD particles are smaller compared to CBD particles. These morphological differences suggest that HBD primarily grows through bacterial surface-dependent processes,whereas the growth of CBD is not directly reliant on the surface of cyanobacteria. Compositionally, the weightpercentage of crystalline water in CBD exceeded that of HBD with a value of 29.42%compared to 5.9%. This increase in internal crystalline water enables a faster conversion of CBD to the ordered ideal dolomite in a specific diagenetic environment. This study implies that the morphology and composition of microbial protodolomite may aid in identifying the type of dolomite-inducing microbes.

关键词： Proto-dolomite Cyanobacteria Halophile Crystal morphology Water of crystallization

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The Dynamics of a Stochastic SEITR Model for Tuberculosis with Incomplete Treatment

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Acta Mathematicae Applicatae Sinica 2025年第1期41卷 99-113页

作者： xiao-dong WANG Kai WANG Department of Medical Engineering and Technology Xinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqiXinjiang 830017China

In this paper,a stochastic SEITR model is formulated to describe the transmission dynamics of tuberculosis with incompletely *** conditions for the existence of a stationary distribution and extinction are *** addition,numerical simulations are given to illustrate these analytical *** and numerical results show that large environmental perturbations can inhibit the spread of tuberculosis.

关键词： tuberculosis stationary distribution extinction

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Anomaly Detection of Controllable Electric Vehicles through Node Equation against Aggregation Attack

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第1期82卷 427-442页

作者： Jing guo Ziying Wang Yajuan guo Haitao Jiang State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Co. Ltd.Research InstituteState Grid Corporation of ChinaNanjing211100China

The rapid proliferation of electric vehicle(EV)charging infrastructure introduces critical cybersecurity vulnerabilities to power grids *** study presents an innovative anomaly detection framework for EV charging stations,addressing the unique challenges posed by third-party aggregation *** approach integrates node equations-based on the parameter identification with a novel deep learning model,xDeepCIN,to detect abnormal data reporting indicative of aggregation *** employ a graph-theoretic approach to model EV charging networks and utilize Markov Chain Monte Carlo techniques for accurate parameter *** xDeepCIN model,incorporating a Compressed Interaction Network,has the ability to capture complex feature interactions in sparse,high-dimensional charging *** results on both proprietary and public datasets demonstrate significant improvements in anomaly detection performance,with F1-scores increasing by up to 32.3%for specific anomaly types compared to traditional methods,such as wide&deep and DeepFM(Factorization-Machine).Our framework exhibits robust scalability,effectively handling networks ranging from 8 to 85 charging ***,we achieve real-time monitoring capabilities,with parameter identification completing within seconds for networks up to 1000 *** research contributes to enhancing the security and reliability of renewable energy systems against evolving cyber threats,offering a comprehensive solution for safeguarding the rapidly expanding EV charging infrastructure.

关键词： Anomaly detection electric vehicle aggregation attack deep cross-network

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Electrochemical conversion of methane to bridge the gap in the artificial carbon cycle

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 286-308页

作者： Yuhao Peng Yuefeng Song Ihar Razanau Juanxiu xiao Wei xiao Di Hu guoxiong Wang College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Hubei Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Power SourcesWuhan UniversityWuhan 430072HubeiChina State Key Laboratory of Catalysis Dalian National Laboratory for Clean EnergyiChEM(Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials)Dalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesDalian 116023LiaoningChina Laboratory of Physical-Chemical Technologies SSPA Scientific and Practical Materials Research Centre of NAS of BelarusMinsk 220072Belarus State Key Laboratory of Marine Resources Utilization in South China Sea Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and TechnologySchool of Marine Science and EngineeringHainan UniversityHaikou 570228HainanChina Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering University of Nottingham Ningbo ChinaNingbo 315100ZhejiangChina

Methane, an abundant one-carbon(C_(1)) resource, is extensively used in the industrial production of vital fuels and value-added chemicals. However, current industrial methane conversion technologies are energy-and carbon-intensive, mainly due to the high activation energy required to break the inert C–H bond, low selectivity, and problematic side reactions, including CO_(2)emissions and coke deposition. Electrochemical conversion of methane(ECM) using intermittent renewable energy offers an attractive solution, due to its modular reactor design and operational flexibility across a broad spectrum of temperatures and pressures. This review emphasizes conversion pathways of methane in various reaction systems, highlighting the significance and advantages of ECM in facilitating a sustainable artificial carbon cycle. This work provides a comprehensive overview of conventional methane activation mechanisms and delineates the complete pathways of methane conversion in electrolysis contexts. Based on surface/interface chemistry, this work systematically analyzes proposed reaction pathways and corresponding strategies to enhance ECM efficiency towards various target products, including syngas, hydrocarbons, oxygenates, and advanced carbon materials. The discussion also encompasses opportunities and challenges for the ECM process, including insights into ECM pathways, rational electrocatalyst design, establishment of benchmarking protocols, electrolyte engineering, enhancement of CH4conversion rates, and minimization of CO_(2)emission.

关键词： Methane Electrochemical conversion Reaction mechanism Catalyst design Electrode Electrocatalysis

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