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Perinatal variation and covariation of oxidative status and telomere length in yellow-legged gull chicks

Current Zoology 2019年第5期65卷 509-516页

作者： Marco PAROLINI Cristina Daniela POSSENTI Andrea ROMANO manuela caprioli Diego RUBOLINI Nicola SAINO Department of Environmental Science and Policy University of MilanMilanItaly Department of Ecology and Evolution University of LausanneBuilding BiophoreLausanneSwitzerland

The perinatal period is critical to survival and performance of many *** birds,rapid postnatal growth and sudden exposure to aerial oxygen around hatching markedly affect the chick redox status,with potentially negative consequences on physiology mediated by oxidative *** addition,telomere length(TL)undergoes reduction during birds’early life,partly depending on oxidative ***,relatively few studies have focused specifically on the changes in oxidative status and TL that occur immediately after *** this study of the yellow-legged gull Larus michahellis,we found that chicks undergo a marked increase in plasma total antioxidant capacity and a marked decrease in the concentration of pro-oxidant molecules during the first days after *** addition,TL in erythrocytes decreased by 1 standard deviation over the 4days *** mass and tarsus length covaried with total antioxidant capacity and concentration of pro-oxidants in a complex way,that partly depended on sex and laying order,suggesting that oxidative status can affect ***,TL positively covaried with the concentration of pro-oxidant molecules,possibly because retention of high concentrations of pro-oxidant molecules results from mechanisms of prevention of their negative effects,including reduction in ***,this study shows that chicks undergo marked variation in oxidative status,which predicts growth and subsequent TL,prompting for more studies of the perinatal changes in the critical posthatching stages.

关键词： early-life period oxidative status telomeres yellow-legged gull

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Telomere shortening is associated with corticosterone stress response in adult barn swallows

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Current Zoology 2022年第1期68卷 93-101页

作者： Alessandra COSTANZO Roberto AMBROSINI Marco PAROLINI manuela caprioli Simona SECOMANDI Diego RUBOLINI Leonida FUSANI Virginie CANOINE Department of Environmental Science and Policy University of Milanvia Celoria 26I-20133 MilanItaly Department of Behavioral and Cognitive Biology University of ViennaAlthanstr.141090 ViennaAustria Konrad Lorenz Institute of Ethology University of Veterinary Medicine ViennaSavoyenstr.1a1160 ViennaAustria

When vertebrates face stressful events,the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal(HPA)axis is activated,generating a rapid increase in circulating glucocorticoid(GC)stress hormones followed by a return to baseline ***,repeated activation of HPA axis may lead to increase in oxidative *** target of oxidative stress is telomeres,nucleoprotein complexes at the end of chromosomes that shorten at each cell *** susceptibility of telomeres to oxidizing molecules has led to the hypothesis that increased GC levels boost telomere shortening,but studies on this link are *** studied if,in barn swallows Hirundo rustica,changes in adult erythrocyte telomere length between 2 consecutive breeding seasons are related to corticosterone(CORT)(the main avian GC)stress response induced by a standard capture-restraint ***-individual telomere length did not significantly change between consecutive breeding ***-year individuals showed the highest increase in circulating CORT concentrations following ***,we found a decline in female stress response along the breeding *** addition,telomere shortening covaried with the stress response:a delayed activation of the negative feedback loop terminating the stress response was associated with greater telomere ***,among-individual variation in stress response may affect telomere dynamics.

关键词： allostasis corticosterone Hirundo rustica stress response telomere

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Predation risk affects egg mass but not egg steroid hormone concentrations in yellow-legged gulls

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Current Zoology 2019年第4期65卷 401-408页

作者： Cristina Daniela Possenti Alexandra Bea Bentz Andrea Romano Marco Parolini manuela caprioli Diego Rubolini Kristen Navara Nicola Saino Department of Environmental Science and Policy University of Milan Via Giovanni Celoria 26 Milano 20133 Italy Department of Agricultural and Environ mental Sciences Un iversity of Georgia 203 Poultry Science Building Athens GA 30602 USA

Predators have both direct, consumptive effects on their prey and non-lethal effects on physiology and behavior, including reproductive decisions, with cascading effects on prey ecology and evol tion. Here, we experime ntally tested such non-lethal effects of exposure to in creased predati on risk on clutch size, egg mass, and the concentration of yolk steroid hormones in the yellow-legged gull Larus michahellis. We simulated increased predation risk by displaying stuffed predators (adult fox Vulpes vulpes, and adult buzzard Buteo buteo) to breeding adults before egg laying. The concentration of corticosterone, which has bee n show n to in crease un der exposure to mater nal predati on risk in other species, and of testosterone did not differ between eggs from mothers exposed to the predators and eggs from control mothers (i.e., eggs exposed to a novel object of similar size and position to the stuffed predators). The concentration of the two hormones negatively covaried. Clutch size did not vary according to experimental treatment, whereas egg mass was markedly larger in clutches from n ests exposed to predators than in clutches from control n ests. By in creasing egg mass, mothers may reduce the risk of cooling of the eggs when incubation is impeded by predators, boost energy reserves, reduce post-natal detectability caused by food solicitation, and/ or enha nee developme nt at hatchi ng, thus increasing the cha nces of offspri ng survival. In general, our results are inconsistent with most of the few previous studies on similar non-lethal predator effects and suggest that such effects may vary among species according to ecological conditions, social behavior, and developmental mode.

关键词： clutch size corticosterone egg size predation effects testosterone

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Yolk vitamin E positively affects prenatal growth but not oxidative status in yellow-legged gull embryos

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Current Zoology 2018年第3期64卷 285-292页

作者： Marco PAROLINI Cristina Daniela POSSENTI Filiz KARADAS Graziano COLOMBO Maria ROMANO manuela caprioli Isabella DALLE-DONNE Diego RUBOLINI Aldo MILZANI Nicola SAINO Department of Environmental Science and Policy University of Milan via Celoria 26 20133 Milano Italy Department of Animal Science University of Yuzuncu Yil 65090 Van Turkey Department of Biosciences University of Milan via Celoria 26 20133 Milan Italy

Parental effects occur whenever the phenotype of parents or the environment that they experience influences the phenotype and fitness of their offspring, In birds, parental effects are often mediated by the size and biochemical quality of the eggs in terms of maternally transferred components. Exogenous antioxidants are key egg components that accomplish crucial physiological functions during early life. Among these, vitamin E plays a vital role during prenatal development when the intense metabolism accompanying rapid embryo growth results in overproduction of pro-oxidant molecules. Studies of captive birds have demonstrated the positive effect of vitamin E supplementation on diverse phenotypic traits of hatchling and adult individuals, but its effects on embryo phenotype has never been investigated neither in captivity nor under a natural selection regime. In the present study, we experimentally tested the effect of the in ovo supplementation of vitamin E on morphological traits and oxidative status of yellow-legged gull （Larus michahellis） embryos. The supplementation of vitamin E promoted somatic growth in embryos soon before hatching, but did not affect their oxidative status. Our results suggest that maternally transferred vitamin E concentrations are optimized to prevent imbalances of oxidative status and the consequent raise of oxidative damage in yellow-legged gull embryos during prenatal development.

关键词： Larus michahellis maternal effects morphological traits oxidative status prenatal period vitamin E.

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