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Gap models across micro-to mega-scales of time and space:examples of Tansley’s ecosystem concept

Forest Ecosystems 2020年第2期7卷 172-189页

作者： H.H.Shugart Adrianna Foster Bin Wang Dan Druckenbrod Jianyong Ma manuel lerdau Sassan Saatchi Xi Yang Xiaodong Yan University of Virginia 291 McCormick RdCharlottesvilleVA 22904USA NASA Goddard Space Flight Center 8800 Greenbelt RdGreenbeltMD 20771USA Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of CaliforniaIrvineCAUSA Department of Geological Environmentaland Marine SciencesRider University2083 Lawrenceville RdLawrencevilleNJ 08648USA College of Plant Science and Technology Huazhong Agriculture UniversityWuhanHubeiChina Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCA 91109USA Beijing Normal University Jingshi Keji Building B-811NO.12 Xueyuan South RoadHaidian DistrictBeijing 100875China.

Background:Gap models are individual-based models for *** simulate dynamic multispecies assemblages over multiple tree-generations and predict forest responses to altered environmental *** development emphases designation of the significant biological and ecological processes at appropriate time/space ***,they are with consistent with ***’s original definition of"the ecosystem".Results:An example microscale application inspects feedbacks among terrestrial vegetation change,air-quality changes from the vegetation’s release of volatile organic compounds(VOC),and climate change effects on ecosystem production of VOC’*** models can allocate canopy photosynthate to the individual trees whose leaves form the vertical leaf-area *** release depends strongly on leaf physiology by species of these ***-level VOC emissions increase with *** composition change lowers the abundance of VOC-emitting *** interactions among ecosystem functions and biosphere/atmosphere exchanges,community composition responses can outweigh physiological *** contradicts previous studies that emphasize the warming-induced impacts on leaf *** a mesoscale example,the changes in climate(warming)on forests including pest-insect dynamics demonstrates changes on the both the tree and the insect *** is but one of many cases that involve using a gap model to simulate changes in spatial units typical of sampling plots and scaling these to landscape and regional *** this is the typical application scale for gap models,other examples are *** insect/climatechange can be scaled to regional consequences by simulating survey plots across a continental or subcontinental *** inventories at these scales are often conducted using independent survey plots distributed across a *** construction that mimics this sample design avoids the difficulties in modelling spatial inte

关键词： Pollution Climate change Global forest productivity Individual-based models Ecological scale Forest dynamics

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Overexpression of micro RNA_(40)8 enhances photosynthesis, growth, and seed yield in diverse plants

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2018年第4期60卷 323-340页

作者： Jiawei Pan Dahui Huang Zhonglong Guo Zheng Kuang He Zhang Xinyu Xie Zengfeng Ma Shaopei Gao manuel T.lerdau Chengcai Chu Lei Li State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life SciencesSchool of Life Sciences and School of Advanced Agricultural SciencesPeking University Rice Research Institute Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research(Beijing) Institute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of Sciences Department of Environmental Sciences University of Virginia

The ability of a plant to produce grain, fruit, or forage depends ultimately on photosynthesis. There have been few attempts, however, to study microRNAs, which are a class of endogenous small RNAs post-transcription- ally programming gene expression, in relation to photosynthetic traits. We focused on miR408, one of the most conserved plant miRNAs, and overexpressed it in parallel in Arabidopsis, tobacco, and rice. The transgenic plants all exhibited increased copper content in the chloroplast, elevated abundance of plastocyanin, and an induction of photosynthetic genes. By means of gas exchange and optical spectroscopy analyses, we showed that higher expression of miR408 leads to enhanced photosynthesis through improving efficiency of irradiation utilization and the capacity for carbon dioxide fixation. Consequently, miR408 hyper-accumulat- ing plants exhibited higher rate of vegetative growth. An enlargement of seed size was also observed in all three species overproducing miR408. Moreover, we conducted a 2-year-two-location field trial and observed miR408 overexpression in rice significantly increased yield, which was primarily attributed to an elevation in grain weight. Taken together, these results demonstrate that miR408 is a positive regulator of photosynthesis and that its genetic engineering is a promising route for enhancing photosynthetic performance and yield in diverse plants.

关键词： and seed yield in diverse plants growth Figure

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The origin,diversification and adaptation of a major mangrove clade(Rhizophoreae) revealed by whole-genome sequencing

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National Science Review 2017年第5期4卷 721-734页

作者： Shaohua Xu Ziwen He Zhang Zhang Zixiao Guo Wuxia Guo Haomin Lyu Jianfang Li Ming Yang Zhenglin Du Yelin Huang Renchao Zhou Cairong Zhong David E.Boufford manuel lerdau Chung-I Wu Norman C.Duke Suhua Shi State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant ResourcesKey Laboratory of Biodiversity Dynamics and Conservation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes School of Life Sciences Sun Yat-Sen University Core Genomic Facility Beijing Institute of Genomics Chinese Academy of Sciences Hainan Dongzhai Harbor National Nature Reserve Harvard University Herbaria Departments of Environmental Sciences and of Biology University of Virginia Department of Ecology and Evolution University of Chicago Centre for Tropical Water and Aquatic Ecosystem Research James Cook University The International Mangrove Consortium

Mangroves invade some very marginal habitats for woody plants—at the interface between land and *** mangroves anchor tropical coastal communities globally, their origin, diversification and adaptation are of scientific significance, particularly at a time of global climate change. In this study, a combination of single-molecule long reads and the more conventional short reads are generated from Rhizophora apiculata for the de novo assembly of its genome to a near chromosome level. The longest scaffold, N50 and N90 for the R. apiculata genome, are 13.3 Mb, 5.4 Mb and 1.0 Mb, respectively. Short reads for the genomes and transcriptomes of eight related species are also generated. We find that the ancestor of Rhizophoreae experienced a whole-genome duplication70 Myrs ago, which is followed rather quickly by colonization and species diversification. Mangroves exhibit pan-exome modifications of amino acid（AA） usage as well as unusual AA substitutions among closely related species. The usage and substitution of AAs, unique among plants surveyed, is correlated with the rapid evolution of proteins in mangroves. A small subset of these substitutions is associated with mangroves' highly specialized traits（vivipary and red bark） thought to be adaptive in the intertidal habitats. Despite the many adaptive features, mangroves are among the least genetically diverse plants, likely the result of continual habitat turnovers caused by repeated rises and falls of sea level in the geologically recent past. Mangrove genomes thus inform about their past evolutionary success as well as portend a possibly difficult future.

关键词： mangrove whole-genome sequencing adaptive evolution protein evolution genetic diversity sea-level changes

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