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Short-term changes in soil properties after prescribed fire and mulching with fern in Mediterranean forests

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Journal of Forestry Research 2022年第4期33卷 1271-1289页

作者： Bruno Gianmarco Carra Giuseppe Bombino manuel esteban lucas-borja Adele Muscolo Federico Romeo Demetrio Antonio Zema AGRARIA Department Mediterranean University of Reggio CalabriaLoc.Feo di Vito89122 Reggio CalabriaItaly Department of Agroforestry Technology and Science and Genetics School of Advanced Agricultural and Forestry EngineeringThe University of Castilla-La ManchaCampus Universitario s/n02071 AlbaceteSpain

Prescribed fire,although having low intensity and being able to reduce the risk of wildfire may modify soil properties in the short term,with possible increases in runoffand erosion risk.Soil mulching with vegetation residues is one of the most common post-fire management strategies.Residues of fern,which is abundant on the Mediterranean forest floor,may be used to replace straw for mulching fireaffected areas.However,the effects of prescribed fires are not completely understood,and there is no data regarding the use of fern to protect soil after fire in the literature.To fill this gap,selected soil chemical parameters were analyzed,on a comparative basis,in three Mediterranean forests(pine,oak and chestnut)in Calabria(Southern Italy).These parameters were measured immediately and one year after fire in unburned,burned and not treated,and burned and mulched soils.Changes in soil chemical properties among the different treatments were significant,and the effects of the prescribed fire and mulching were dependent on the time elapsed from their application and forest species.In general,mulching was not effective in limiting the changes in the monitored soil properties compared to the pre-fire values.Each forest species showed different temporal trends in changes of soil properties.

关键词： Organic matter Nutrients Macro-elements Vegetation cover Post-fire management

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Exploring the factors influencing the hydrological response of soil after low and high-severity fires with post-fire mulching in Mediterranean forests

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2023年第1期11卷 169-182页

作者： manuel esteban lucas-borja Pedro Antonio Plaza-Alvarez Xiangzhou Xu Bruno Gianmarco Carra Demetrio Antonio Zema Castlla La Mancha University School of Advanced Agricultural and Forestry Engineering.Department of Agroforestry Technology and Science and GeneticsCampus Universitario s/nE-02071AlbaceteSpain "Mediterranea"University of Reggio Calabria Department"AGRARIA"Localita Feo di VitoI-89122Reggio CalabriaItaly Institute of Environmental and Water Resources School of Hydraulic EngineeringDalian University of Technology2Ling GongGanjingziDalian116024China

Despite ample literature,the influence of the individual soil properties and covers on the hydrological response of burned soils of forests has not clearly identified.A clear understanding of the surface runoff and erosion rates altered by wildfires and prescribed fires is beneficial to identify the most suitable post-fire treatment This study has carried out a combined analysis of the hydrological response of soil and its driving factors in burned forests of Central-Eastern Spain.The pine stands of these forests were subjected to both prescribed fire and wildfire,and,in the latter case,to post-fire treatment with mulching.Moreover,simple multi-regression models are proposed to predict runoff and erosion in the experi-mental conditions.In the case of the prescribed burning,the fire had a limited impact on runoff and erosion compared to the unburned areas,due to the limited changes in soil parameters.In contrast,the wildfire increased many-fold the runoff and erosion rates,but the mulching reduced the hydrological response of the burned soils,particularly for the first two-three rainfalls after the fire.The increase in runoff and erosion after the wildfire was associated to the removal of the vegetation cover,soil water repellency,and ash left by fire;the changes in water infiltration played a minor role on runoff and erosion.The multi-regression models developed for the prescribed fire were accurate to predict the post-fire runoff coefficients.However,these models were less reliable for predictions of the mean erosion rates.The predictions of erosion after wildfire and mulching were excellent,while those of runoff were not satisfactory(except for the mean values).These results are useful to better understand the relations among the hydrological effects of fire on one side and the main soil properties and covers on the other side.Moreover,the proposed prediction models are useful to support the planning activities of forest managers and hydrologists towards a more effective conservation of forest soils.

关键词： Wildhre Prescribed fire Soil cover Soil properties Soil water repellency Infiltration rate Surface runoff Soil loss Erosion

New sciences&technologies in soil conservation and eco-sustainability

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2023年第2期11卷 412-414页

作者： Paolo Tarolli manuel estebanlucas-borja Guoqiang Yu Xiangzhou Xu Department of Land EnvironmentAgriculture and ForestryUniversity of PadovaAgripolisViale Dell'Universita 16LegnaroPD35020Italy School of Advanced Agricultural and Forestry Engineering Castilla La Mancha UniversityCampus Universitario s/nE-02071AlbaceteSpain Xi'an Center of Geological Survey China Geological SurveyXi'an710499China School of Hydraulic Engineering Dalian University of TechnologyDalian116024China

Soil conservation is necessary to achieve a sustainable world because soils play a crucial role in the Earth's system.At the same time,the applicable and precise methods are vital to obtaining credible data in soil studies.A collection of 10 articles have been organized to focus on the new technologies regarding soil conservation and eco-sustainability and the results related to the novel approaches.The articles put effort into the innovative works of field investigations,field experiments,model experiments,and nu-merical simulations.Pivotal questions baffling soil scientists have been clarified and solved,and many valuable insights have been aroused.

关键词： Development Soil loss Soil conservation Eco-sustainability

Effects of length and application rate of rice straw mulch on surface runoff and soil loss under laboratory simulated rainfall

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2021年第4期36卷 468-478页

作者： Misagh Parhizkar Mahmood Shabanpour manuel esteban lucas-borja Demetrio Antonio Zema Siyue Li Nobuaki Tanaka Artemio Cerdà Soil Science Department Faculty of Agricultural Sciences University of Guilan Department AGRARIA Mediterranean University of Reggio Calabria Research Center for Ecohydrology Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Escuela Técnica Superior Ingenieros Agrónomos y Montes Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha.Campus Universitario Ecohydrology Research Institute The University of Tokyo Forests Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences The University of Tokyo Soil Erosion and Degradation Research Group Department of Geography University of Valencia

Forest land affected by deforestation yields high soil and water losses.Suitable management practices need to be found that can reduce these losses and achieve ecological and hydrological sustainability of the deforested areas.Mulch has been found to be effective in reducing soil losses;straw mulch is easy to apply,contributes soil organic matter,and is efficient since the day of application.However,the complex effects of rice straw mulch with different application rates and lengths on surface runoff and soil loss have not been clarified in depth.The current paper evaluates the efficiency of rice straw mulch in reducing the hydrological response of a silty clay loam soil under high intensity and low frequency rainfall events(tap water with total depth of 49 mm and intensity of 98 mm/h) simulated in the laboratory.Surface runoff and soil loss at three lengths of the straw(10,30,and 200 mm) and three application rates(1,2,and 3 Mg/ha) were measured in 50 cm(width) × 100 cm(length) × 10 cm(depth) plots with disturbed soil samples(aggregate soil size <4 mm) collected in a deforested area.Bare soil was used as control experiment.Runoff volume and erosion were significantly(at p <0.05) lower in mulched soils compared to control plots.These reductions were ascribed to the water absorption capacity of the rice straw and the protection cover of the mulch layer.The minimum runoff was observed for a mulch layer of3 Mg/ha of straw with a length of 200 mm.The lowest soil losses were found with straw length of10 mm.The models developed predict runoff and erosion based on simple linear functions of mulch application rate and length,and can be used for a suitable hydrological management of soil.It is concluded that,thanks to rice straw mulch used as an organic soil conditioner,soil erosion and surface runoff are significantly(at p <0.05) reduced,and the mulch protection contributes to reduce the risk of soil degradation.Further research is,however,needed to analyze the upscaling of the hydrological effects of mulching from the p

关键词： Straw mulch Soil erosion Mulch application rate Mulch length Rainfall simulator

Slope Instability on Pyroclastic Deposits: Landslide Distribution and Risk Mapping in Zacapoaxtla, Sierra Norte De Puebla, Mexico

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Journal of Mountain Science 2006年第1期3卷 1-19页

作者： borja-Baeza R.C. esteban-Chávez O Marcos-López J. Pea-Garnica R.J. Alcántara-Ayala I. Institute of Geography UNAM Circuito Exterior C.U. Coyoacan 04510 Mexico D.F. Institute of Geography UNAM Circuito Exterior C.U. Coyoacan 04510 Mexico D.F.Institute of Geography UNAM Circuito Exterior C.U. Coyoacan 04510 Mexico D.F.Institute of Geography UNAM Circuito Exterior C.U. Coyoacan 04510 Mexico D.F.Institute of Geography UNAM Circuito Exterior C.U. Coyoacan 04510 Mexico D.F.

In October 1999, rainfall induced landslides devastated different communities of the Sierra Norte, Puebla, causing more than 250 victims and economic losses greater than $ 450 million. The town of Zacapoaxtla was one of the sectors most affected by slope instability due to the existing geological features and geomorphic characters determined by material properties, landforms and processes. Extensive areas formed by pyroclastic piedmonts developed on the Quaternary volcanic ignimbrite deposits highly dissected by marginal gully erosion combined with an extreme rainfall event played a significant role as an ideal scenario for the occurrence of landsliding. Distribution of landslides triggered by rainfall within the main sector of the Zacapoaxtla municipality was analyzed by using IKONOS images in terms of exploring the likely relationship between mass movement incidence and levels of vegetation density. The later was undertaken by means of producing an NDVI and applying a fragmentation algorithm. Finally, a map of potential areas of mass movements risk was produced based on the combination of a socio-economic vulnerability index, geologic and geomorphological maps and the spatial landslide distribution.

关键词： Rainfall landslides IKONOS vegetation density risk Mexico

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