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Need for operational simplicity and timely disbursal of benefits—a qualitative exploration of the implementation of a direct benefit transfer scheme for persons with tuberculosis in India

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2024年第3期13卷 58-72页

作者： Malu Mohan Jeromie W.V.Thangaraj Sumit Pandey G.Sri Lak.hmi Priya Sivavallinathan Arunachalam Rahul sharma Hemant Deepak.Shewade B.Aishwarya k.Afeeq Afsana k.atoon B.Gok.lvijay Gude Sireesha k.vita Chandra S.Nandhak.mar Prince Samuel C.Nanditha Viswanathan Devik. Shanmugasundaram Raghuram Rao manoj V.Murhek.r k.thiresan Jeyashree Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Epidemiology R-127TNHBAyapakkamChennaiTamil Nadu 600077India TB Support Network WHO Country Office for IndiaNew DelhiIndia Central Tuberculosis Division Government of IndiaNew DelhiIndia

Back.round Ni-k.hay Poshan Yojana(NPY)is a direct benefit transfer scheme of the Government of India introduced in 2018 to support the additional nutritional requirements of persons with TB(PwTB).Our recent nationwide evaluation of implementation and utilization of NPY using programmatic data of PwTB from nine randomly selected Indian states,reported a 70%coverage and high median delay in benefit *** undertook.a qualitative study between January and July 2023,to understand the detailed implementation process of NPY and explore the enablers and barriers to effective implementation and utilization of the NPY *** We followed a grounded theory approach to inductively develop theoretical explanations for social phenomena through data generated from multiple *** conducted 36 in-depth interviews of national,district and field-level staff of the National Tuberculosis Elimination Programme(NTEP)and NPY beneficiaries from 30 districts across nine states of India,selected using theoretical *** analytical framework.developed through inductive coding of a set of six interviews,guided the coding of the subsequent *** and themes emerged through constant comparison and the data collection continued until theoretical *** Stak.holders perceived NPY as a beneficial *** political commitment from the state administration,mainstreaming of NTEP work.with the district public healthcare delivery system,availability of good geographic and internet connectivity and state-specific grievance redressal mechanisms and innovations were identified as enablers of ***,the complex,multi-level benefit approval process,difficulties in accessing bank.ng services,perceived inadequacy of benefits and overwork.d human resources in the NTEP were identified as barriers to implementation and *** The optimal utilization of NPY is enabled by strong political commitment and challenged by its length

关键词： National Tuberculosis Elimination Programme Nutritional status Direct benefit transfer Implementation Cash transfer scheme Grounded theory India

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Recent progress in carbonaceous materials based Z-scheme and Sscheme heterojunctions for photocatalytic clean energy generation

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新型炭材料(中英文) 2024年

作者： Sahil Rana Amit k.mar Wang Tong-tong Gaurav sharma Pooja Dhiman Alberto García-Penas Interdisciplinary and Innovate Research Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology Departamento de Ciencia e Ingeniería de Materiales e Ingeniería Química (IAAB) Universidad Carlos III de Madrid International Research Centre of Nanotechnology for Himalayan Sustainability (IRCNHS) Shoolini University

Carbonaceous materials including carbon nanotubes/nanofibers, graphene, graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide,graphyne, graphdiyne, carbon quantum dots and fullerenes have gained considerable attention in the recent years for their unique properties such as high conductivity, excellent stability and biocompatibility. The integration of these carbonaceous materials into Zscheme and S-scheme heterojunctions has emerged as a transformative strategy to enhance the photocatalytic efficiency for energy conversion applications. This review delves into the fundamental principles of clean energy generation such as photocatalytic H2generation and CO2reduction, elucidating their respective mechanisms and advantages. Furthermore, various types of carbonaceous materials, their synthesis and construction of Z-scheme and S-scheme heterojunctions are discussed emphasizing their role in promoting charge separation, reducing recombination losses and extending the spectral response range. With the focus on solar fuel production,the recent advancements in carbonaceous based Z-scheme and S-scheme heterojunctions are discussed and summarized for photocatalytic H2generation and CO2reduction. Lastly, the current bottleneck. and challenges in the field of carbonaceous based photocatalysts are discussed with the valuable insights for future development in this particular field.

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Mechanism of microbial spore inactivation through electromagnetic radiations:a review

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Journal of Future Foods 2024年第4期4卷 324-334页

作者： Piyush sharma Arun Prasath Venugopal Parag Prak.sh Sutar Hong-wei Xiao Qi Zhang Deparment of Food Process Engineering.National Institute of Techmology Rourk.la Odisha 769008India College of Engineering China Agriculural UniversityBeijing 100083China School of Mechanical Engineering Yangzhou UTniversiny Yangzhou 225002China

Spores are the biological structures formed out of sporulation from vegetative cells in adverse *** tolerant to many extreme environment and conditions,they escape and survives critical processing steps in the food industry that poses food and health safety problems,as is evident from the increase in reports of food-bome outbreak. due to *** radiation(EM)is used for rapid decontamination and sterilization purposes in the food *** studies have reported a greater reduction in spore population upon irradiation with EM rays due to its impact on genomic material and other components of spores that destabilises overall structue and brings clonogenic death However,there is scattered literature regarding the mechanism of its inactivation and resistance against such *** review attempts to concisely evaluate the potential of electromagnetic radiations in spore inactivation and details its mechanism through a collective study of scientific results and *** also briefs about the process of sporulation,the structure of spores and the role of its components in the resistance of spores to *** studies,which demonstrated that combining various EM treatments might be an effective way for inactivation of spores,were discussed in detail.

关键词： Spore structure Electromagnetic radiations Mechanism of inactivation Damage resistance

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Molecular insights into clinical trials for immune check.oint inhibitors in colorectal cancer:Unravelling challenges and future directions

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第13期30卷 1815-1835页

作者： Samantha sharma Naresh Singh Anita Ahmed Turk.Isabella Wan Ak.hay Guttik.nda Julia Lily Dong Xinna Zhang Mateusz Opyrchal Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIN 46202United States Division of Hematology/Oncology Department of MedicineIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIN 46202United States Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIN 46202United States

Colorectal cancer(CRC)is a complex disease with diverse etiologies and clinical *** considerable progress in development of CRC therapeutics,challenges remain regarding the diagnosis and management of advanced stage metastatic CRC(mCRC).In particular,the five-year survival rate is very low since mCRC is currently rarely *** the past decade,cancer treatment has significantly improved with the introduction of cancer immunotherapies,specifically immune check.oint *** aimed at block.ng immune check.oints such as PD-1,PD-L1,and CTLA-4 target inhibitory pathways of the immune system,and thereby enhance anti-tumor *** therapies thus have shown promising results in many clinical trials alone or in *** efficacy and safety of immunotherapy,either alone or in combination with CRC,have been investigated in several clinical *** trials,including k.YNOTE-164 and Check.ate 142,have led to Food and Drug Administration approval of the PD-1 inhibitors pembrolizumab and nivolumab,respectively,for the treatment of patients with unresectable or metastatic microsatellite instability-high or deficient mismatch repair ***,these drugs benefit only a small percentage of patients,with the benefits of immunotherapy remaining elusive for the vast majority of CRC *** this end,primary and secondary resistance to immunotherapy remains a significant issue,and further research is necessary to optimize the use of immunotherapy in CRC and identify biomark.rs to predict the *** review provides a comprehensive overview of the clinical trials involving immune check.oint inhibitors in *** underlying rationale,challenges faced,and potential future steps to improve the prognosis and enhance the lik.lihood of successful trials in this field are discussed.

关键词： Colorectal cancer Immune check.oint inhibitors Clinical trials Immunotherapy Microsatellite instability Microsatellite stability DNA mismatch repair

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Recombinant vaccines:Current updates and future prospects

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2024年第8期17卷 338-350页

作者： Vivek.k.mar Anuj Verma Riddhi Singh Priyanshi Garg Santosh k.mar sharma Himanshu Narayan Singh Santosh k.mar Mishra Sanjay k.mar Department of Allied Medical Sciences School of Allied Medical SciencesLovely Professional UniversityPhagwaraPunjabIndia Bioengineering Division of Department of Bioscience and Biomedical EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology BhilaiChhattisgarhIndia Department of Biotechnology IMS Engineering CollegeGhaziabadU.P.India Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of WindsorOntario N9B3P4Canada Biological and Biocomputational Laboratory Department of Life SciencesSharda School of Basic Sciences and ResearchSharda UniversityGreater NoidaU.P.India Department of System Biology Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNY 10032USA Department of Life Sciences Sharda School of Basic Sciences and ResearchSharda UniversityGreater NoidaU.P.India

Recombinant technology-based vaccines have emerged as a highly effective way to prevent a wide range of *** technology improved vaccine manufacturing,rendering it more efficient and *** vaccines have multiple advantages compared to conventional *** pandemic has heightened awareness of the advantages of these vaccine technologies;trust and acceptance of these vaccines are steadily growing *** work.offers an overview of the prospects and advantages associated with recombinant ***,it discusses some of the challenges lik.ly to arise in the *** ability to target diverse pathogen classes underscores their contributions to preventing previously untreatable diseases(especially vector-borne and emerging diseases)and hurdles faced throughout the vaccine development process,especially in enhancing the effectiveness of these ***,their compatibility with emerging vaccination platforms of the future lik. virus-lik. particles and CRISPR/Cas9 for the production of next-generation vaccines may offer many *** review also reviewed the hurdles faced throughout the vaccine development process,especially in enhancing the effectiveness of these vaccines against vector-borne diseases,emerging diseases,and untreatable diseases with high mortality rates lik. AIDS as well as cancer.

关键词： Malaria Dengue Emerging diseases Immunoinformatics Virus-lik. particles CRISPR-Cas9

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Deep learning models for tuberculosis detection and infected region visualization in chest X-ray images

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Intelligent Medicine 2024年第2期4卷 104-113页

作者： Vinayak.sharma Nillmani Sachin k.mar Gupta k.ushal k.mar Shuk.a School of Electronics and Communication Engineering Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University Jammu and KashmirIndia School of Biomedical Engineering Indian Institute of TechnologyBanaras Hindu UniversityVaranasiIndia Department of Computer Science and Engineering Indian Institute of TechnologyBanaras Hindu UniversityVaranasiIndia

Objective Tuberculosis(TB)is among the most frequent causes of infectious-disease-related *** being treatable by antibiotics,tuberculosis often goes misdiagnosed and untreated,especially in rural and low-resource *** X-rays are frequently used to aid diagnosis;however,this presents additional challenges because of the possibility of abnormal radiological appearance and a lack.of radiologists in areas where the infection is most *** deep-learning-based imaging techniques for computer-aided diagnosis has the potential to enable accurate diagnoses and lessen the burden on medical *** the present work.we aimed to develop deep-learning-based segmentation and classification models for accurate and precise detection of tuberculosis in chest X-ray images,with visualization of infection using gradient-weighted class activation mapping(Grad-CAM)*** First,we trained the UNet segmentation model using 704 chest X-ray radiographs tak.n from the Montgomery County and Shenzhen Hospital ***,we implemented the trained UNet model on 1,400 tuberculosis and control chest X-ray scans to segment the lung *** images were tak.n from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases(NIAID)TB portal program ***,we applied the deep learning Xception model to classify the segmented lung region into tuberculosis and normal *** further investigated the visualization capabilities of the model using Grad-CAM to view tuberculosis abnormalities in chest X-rays and discuss them from radiological *** For segmentation by the UNet model,we achieved accuracy,Jaccard index,Dice coefficient,and area under the curve(AUC)values of 96.35%,90.38%,94.88%,and 0.99,*** classification by the Xception model,we achieved classification accuracy,precision,recall,F1-score,and AUC values of 99.29%,99.30%,99.29%,99.29%,and 0.999,*** Grad-CAM heatmap images from the tuberculos

关键词： Tuberculosis Artificial intelligence Deep learning Segmentation Classification Chest X-ray

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BACE1 inhibitors:A promising therapeutic approach for the management of Alzheimer’s disease

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2024年第9期14卷 369-381页

作者： Richa Arya Smita Jain Sarvesh Paliwal k.rtik. Madan Swapnil sharma Achal Mishra Prashant Tiwari Sunil k.mar k.diri Banasthali University Banasthali-304022(Raj.)India Department of Pharmacy Guru Ghasidas VishwavidyalayaBilaspurChhattisgarh-495009India Department of Pharmacology College of Pharmaceutical SciencesDayananda Sagar UniversityBengaluru-560111India

Alzheimer’s disease is a neurological disorder mark.d by the accumulation of amyloid beta(Aβ)aggregates,resulting from mutations in the amyloid precursor *** enzymeβ-secretase,also k.own asβ-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1(BACE1),plays a crucial role in generating Aβ*** no targeted therapy available for Alzheimer’s disease,inhibiting BACE1 aspartic protease has emerged as a primary treatment *** 1999,compounds demonstrating potential binding to the BACE1 receptor have advanced to human *** optimization of synthetically derived compounds,coupled with computational approaches,has offered valuable insights for developing highly selective leads with drug-lik. *** review highlights pivotal studies on the design and development of BACE1 inhibitors as anti-Alzheimer’s disease *** summarizes computational methods employed in facilitating drug discovery for potential BACE1 inhibitors and provides an update on their clinical status,indicating future directions for novel BACE1 *** promising clinical results of Elenbecestat(E-2609)catalyze the development of effective,selective BACE1 inhibitors in the future.

关键词： BACE1 inhibitors Amyloid precursor protein β-secretase Structure-based drug design 3D-QSAR β-amyloid precursor protein

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Management of ruptured renal angiomyolipoma with bilateral staghorn calculi

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Asian Journal of Urology 2024年第3期11卷 509-510页

作者： Amit sharma Deepak.Biswal k.shor Roy R.T.Raghavendra Department of Urology AIIMSRaipurCGIndia

Dear Editor,We present a case of ruptured renal angiomyolipoma(AML)and bilateral renal staghorn *** discuss about the management of this patient by angioembolization,partial nephrectomy,and pyelolithotomy,followed by contralateral interval percutaneous nephrolithotomy(PCNL).Our case is a 40-year-old male who presented with history of dull aching and dragging sensation in bilateral flank. of 6-month *** was admitted and evaluated at other hospital for dizziness,sweating,and loss of *** was found to have bilateral staghorn calculi and left AML and was referred to our institute for further management after initial *** proper written and informed consent was tak.n from the patient for management as well as publication of the report and images,maintaining the patient’s anonymity.

关键词： admitted sensation renal

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石墨炔:一种用于合成水污染物有效吸附剂的新型炭材料

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新型炭材料（中英文） 2024年第2期39卷 173-200页

作者： Gaurav sharma Yak.ha Verma Amit k.mar Pooja Dhiman WANG Tong-tong Florian JStadler 深圳大学材料科学与工程学院深圳市高分子科学与技术重点实验室广东省功能材料界面工程研究中心南山区生物高分子与安全性评价重点实验室广东深圳518055 International Research Centre of Nanotechnology for Himalayan Sustainability(IRCNHS) Shoolini UniversityHimachal Pradesh 173229India 西安建筑科技大学跨学科与创新研究院陕西西安710055

石墨炔(GDY)是一种新生的二维材料,其在去除水溶液中污染物的研究方面引起了广泛关注。GDY是sp和sp2杂化碳原子的框架,其在二维对称网络中存在苯环和二乙基键,因此具有优异的共轭性、独特的可调谐电子性能、以及优异的化学和热稳定性。... 详细信息

石墨炔(GDY)是一种新生的二维材料,其在去除水溶液中污染物的研究方面引起了广泛关注。GDY是sp和sp2杂化碳原子的框架,其在二维对称网络中存在苯环和二乙基键,因此具有优异的共轭性、独特的可调谐电子性能、以及优异的化学和热稳定性。GDY的分子中有C≡C键,且具有均匀分布的三角形孔,可提供更多的反应位点和多种反应路径。因而,GDY具有吸附性,其作为吸附剂时在去除污染水中的油、有机污染物、染料和金属方面表现优异。在已发表的文献中,GDY被用作吸附剂的报道十分有限。本文综述了GDY的合成方法、GDY作为吸附剂的应用以及GDY基吸附剂的表征,并展望了GDY在污染物修复中的应用前景。

关键词：石墨炔合成吸附污染物合理机制

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Comprehensive Analysis of Gender Classification Accuracy across Varied Geographic Regions through the Application of Deep Learning Algorithms to Speech Signals

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Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2024年第3期48卷 609-625页

作者： Abhishek.Singhal Devendra k.mar sharma Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Faculty of Engineering and TechnologySRM Institute of Science and TechnologyDelhi–NCR CampusGhaziabad201204India

This article presents an exhaustive comparative investigation into the accuracy of gender identification across diverse geographical regions,employing a deep learning classification algorithm for speech signal *** this study,speech samples are categorized for both training and testing purposes based on their geographical *** 1 comprises speech samples from speak.rs outside of India,whereas Category 2 comprises live-recorded speech samples from Indian *** speech samples are lik.wise classified into four distinct sets,tak.ng into consideration both geographical origin and the language spok.n by the ***,the results indicate a noticeable difference in gender identification accuracy among speak.rs from different geographical *** speak.rs,utilizing 52 Hindi and 26 English phonemes in their speech,demonstrate a notably higher gender identification accuracy of 85.75%compared to those speak.rs who predominantly use 26 English phonemes in their conversations when the system is trained using speech samples from Indian *** gender identification accuracy of the proposed model reaches 83.20%when the system is trained using speech samples from speak.rs outside of *** the analysis of speech signals,Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients(MFCCs)serve as relevant features for the speech *** deep learning classification algorithm utilized in this research is based on a Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory(BiLSTM)architecture within a Recurrent Neural Network.RNN)model.

关键词： Deep learning recurrent neural network voice signal mel frequency cepstral coefficients geographical area gender

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