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Blood glucose response after oral intake of lactulose in healthy volunteers:A randomized,controlled,cross-over study

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology and Therapeutics 2018年第3期9卷 22-30页

作者： Jasmin Steudle Christiane Schon manfred Wargenau Lioba Pauly Susann Schwejda-Güttes Barbara Gaigg Angelika Kuchinka-koch John F Stover BioTeSys GmbH Esslingen 73728Germany M.A.R.C.O.GmbH and Co.KG Institute for Clinical Research and StatisticsDüsseldorf 40211Germany Fresenius Kabi Deutschland GmbH Oberursel 61440Germany Fresenius Kabi Austria GmbH Linz 4020Austria

AIM To investigate possible changes of blood glucose levels after oral intake of lactulose in healthy *** The study was performed as prospective, randomized, two-part study with 4-way cross-over design with n = 12 in each study arm. Capillary blood glucose levels were determined over a time period of 180 min after intake of a single dose of 10 g or 20 g lactulose provided as crystal or liquid formulation. During the manufacturing process of lactulose, impurities with sugars(e.g., lactose, fructose, galactose) occur. Water and 20 g glucose were used as control and reference. Because lactulose is used as a functional food ingredient, it may also be consumed by people with impaired glucose tolerance, including diabetics. Therefore, it is of interest to determine whether the described carbohydrate impurities may increase blood glucose levels after ingestion. RESULTS The blood glucose concentration-time curves after intake of 10 g lactulose, 20 g lactulose, and water were almost identical. None of the three applications showed any changes in blood glucose levels. After intake of 20 g glucose, blood glucose concentration increased by approximately 3 mmol/L(mean Cmax = 8.3 mmol/L), reaching maximum levels after approximately 30 min and returning to baseline within approximately 90 min, which was significantly different to the corresponding 20 g lactulose formulations(P < 0.0001). Comparing the two lactulose formulations, crystals and liquid, in the dosage of 10 g and 20 g, there was no difference in the blood glucose profile and calculated pharmacokinetic parameters despite the different amounts of carbohydrate impurities(1.5% for crystals and 26.45% for liquid). Anyhow, the absolute amount of single sugars was low with 0.3 g in crystals and 5.29 g in liquid formulation in the 20 g dosages. Lactulose was well tolerated by most volunteers, and only some reported mild to moderate mainly gastrointestinal side effects. CONCLUSION The unchanged blood glucose levels

关键词： Lactulose Functional food ingredient Sugar substitute Blood glucose concentration

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Up to 70 THz bandwidth from an implanted Ge photoconductive antenna excited by a femtosecond Er:fibre laser

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Light(Science & Applications) 2020年第1期9卷 1716-1722页

作者： Abhishek Singh Alexej Pashkin Stephan Winnerl Malte Welsch Cornelius Beckh Philipp Sulzer Alfred Leitenstorfer manfred Helm Harald Schneider Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf01328 DresdenGermany Cfaed and Institute of Applied Physics TU Dresden01062 DresdenGermany Department of Physics and Center for Applied Photonics University of Konstanz78457 KonstanzGermany

Phase-stable electromagnetic pulses in the THz frequency range offer several unique capabilities in time-resolved ***,the diversity of their application is limited by the covered spectral *** particular,the upper frequency limit of photoconductive emitters-the most widespread technique in THz spectroscopy-reaches only up to 7 THz in the regular transmission mode due to absorption by infrared-active optical ***,we present ultrabroadband(extending up to 70 THz)THz emission from an Au-implanted Ge emitter that is compatible with mode-locked fibre lasers operating at wavelengths of 1.1 and 1.55μm with pulse repetition rates of 10 and 20 MHz,*** result opens up the possibility for the development of compact THz photonic devices operating up to multi-THz frequencies that are compatible with Si CMOS technology.

关键词： antenna emitter fibre

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A novel marker for the platyfish (Xiphophorus maculatus) W chromosome is derived from a Polinton transposon

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2010年第3期37卷 181-188页

作者： Qingchun Zhou Ingo Braasch Alexander Froschauer Astrid Boehne Christina Schultheis manfred Schartl Jean-Nicolas Volff Biofuture Research Group Physiologische Chemie I Biozentrum University ofWiirzburg Wiirzburg 97074 Germany Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and lntegrative Biology College of Life Science Huazhong Normal University Wuhan 97074 China Institut fur Zoologie Technische Universitait Dresden Dresden 01062 Germany Institut de Genomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon Universit~ de Lyon Institut Fdddratif Biosciences Gerland Lyon Sud UniversiM Lyon 1 CNRS INRA Ecole Normale Supdrieure de Lyon Lyon 69364 France

A consensus sequence, encoding a putative DNA polymerase type B derived from a Polinton transposon, was assembled from the sex determination region of Xiphophorus maculatus. This predicted protein, which is 1,158 aa in length, contains a DNAA_pol_B_2 domain and a DTDS motif. The DNA polymerase type B gene has about 10 copies in the haploid X. maculatus genome with one Y-specific copy. Interestingly, it has specific copies on the W chromosome in the X. maculatus Usumacinta strain （sex determination with female het- erogamety）, which represent new markers for this type of sex chromosome in platyfish. This marker with W- and Y-specific copies suggests relationship between different types of gonosomes and allows comparing male and female heterogameties in the platyfish. Further molecular analysis of the DNA polymerase type B gene in X. maculatus will shed new light on the evolution of sex chromosomes in platyfish.

关键词： DNA polymerase type B chromosome marker Xiphophorus maculatus

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Comparison of CO_(2) Effluxes and Their Driving Factors Between Two Temperate Steppes in Inner Mongolia, China

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2006年第5期23卷 726-736页

作者：齐玉春董云社 manfred DOMROES 耿元波刘立新刘杏认 Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research CAS Beijing 100101 Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research CAS Beijing 100101 Department of Geography Mainz University Mainz 55099 Germany Department of Geography Mainz University Mainz 55099 Germany Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research CAS Beijing 100101 Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039

Soil respiration is a key component of the global terrestrial ecosystem carbon cycle. The static opaque chamber method was used to measure the CO2 effiuxes from soil of a semiarid Aneurolepidium chinense steppe and a Stipa krylovii steppe in the Xilin River Basin of Inner Mongolia, China from March 2002 to December 2004. The results indicated that the soil respiration rates of the semiarid Aneurolepidium chinense steppe and the Stipa krylovii steppe were both relatively high from mid-May to mid-September of each year and remained low during the rest of the year. The minimum value of soil respiration occurred in December or January and negative effiuxes of CO2 appeared for several days during the non-growing season of individual years at the two sampling sites. A high annual variation was found in the two steppes with the coefficients of variance （CV） being over 94%, even high to 131%. The annual sums of soil CO2 effiux of the Aneurolepidium chinense steppe varied between 356.4 gC m^-2 yr^-1 and 408.8 gC m^-2 yr^-1, while those of the Stipa krylovii steppe in the three years were in the range of 110.6 gC m^-2 yr^-1 to 148.6 g Cm^-2 yr^-1. The mean respiration rates of the Aneurolepidium chinense steppe were significantly higher than those of the Stipa krylovii steppe in different statistical periods with the exception of the non-growing season. About 59.9% and 80.6% of the soil respiration variations in both steppes for the whole sampling period were caused by the changes of temperature and soil water content. In the Aneurolepidium chinense steppe, the soil respiration rate has significant or extremely significant positive correlation （r = 0.58 - 0.85, p 〈 0.05 or p 〈 0.01） with air temperature and ground temperature of the topsoil except in 2002; the unique contributions of temperature change to the soil respiration variation of the three years were 53.3%, 81.0% and 58.6%, respectively. But, for the Stipa krylovii steppe in the same time interval, the soil water con

关键词： semiarid Aneurolepidium chinense steppe Stipa krylovii steppe soil respiration drivingfactors comparison

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Towards a business model for second-life batteries: Barriers,opportunities, uncertainties, and technologies

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2023年第3期78卷 507-525,I0014页

作者： Carlos Antônio Rufino Júnior Eleonora Riva Sanseverino Pierluigi Gallo Daniel koch Yash Kotak Hans-Georg Schweiger Hudson Zanin Advanced Energy Storage Division New Energy Innovation CenterUniversity of Campinas(UNICAMP)Campinas 13083-852Brazil Engineering Department University of Palermo(UNIPA)Palermo 90128Italy Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Telecomunicazioni(CNIT) Parma 43124Italy Technische Hochschule Ingolstadt Institute for ElectricConnected and Safe Mobility(C-ECOS)Ingolstadt 85049Germany

Electric vehicles(EVs) and the recent pandemic outbreak give cities a new trend to primarily private and shared mobility with low noise and less air *** factors for the widespread of EVs are the electrical charging infrastructure,driving range,and the reduction of the cost of battery *** this reason,there is a massive effort from manufacturers,governments,and the scientific community to reduce battery costs and boost sustainable electrical production and *** reuse is an alternative to reduce batteries’ costs and environmental ***-life batteries can be used in a wide variety of secondary ***-life batteries can be connected with off-grid or on-grid photovoltaic and wind systems,vehicle charging stations,forklifts,and frequency *** present work aims to analyze the main challenges imposed on the reuse of batteries,the leading technologies for their reuse,and the different types of batteries in terms of their feasibility for second-life *** main novelty of this work is the discussion about the barriers,opportunities,uncertainties,and technologies for the second life *** we summarize the present state of the art in reusing lithium-ion batteries discussing technical and economic feasibility,environmental impacts,and *** results show five business models that have been proposed in the literature,three types of markets for trading second-life batteries,and the main opportunities and barriers for each actor in the battery supply chain.

关键词： Business models Batteries Sustainability Electric vehicles Challenges Opportunities Lithium-ion batteries Reuse

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Metamorphic stages in mountain belts during a Wilson cycle:A case study in the central Sanandaj-Sirjan zone(Zagros Mountains,Iran)

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Geoscience Frontiers 2022年第2期13卷 430-459页

作者： Farzaneh Shakerardakani Franz Neubauer manfred Bernroider Fritz Finger Christoph Hauzenberger Johann Genser Michael Waitzinger Behzad Monfaredi Department of Geography and Geology Paris-Lodron University of SalzburgHellbrunner Str.34A-5020 SalzburgAustria State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Innovation Academy for Earth Science Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Department of Chemistry and Physics of Materials Paris-Lodron University of SalzburgAustria Institute of Earth Sciences-NAWI Graz Geocenter University of GrazUniversitatsplatz 2Graz 8010Austria

Polymetamorphic units are important constituents of continent-continent collisional orogens,and rift metamorphic assemblages are often overprinted by subsequent metamorphism during subduction and *** study reports the metamorphic conditions and evolution of the Dorud-Azna metamorphic units in the central part of the Sanandaj-Sirjan zone(SSZ),***,new geothermobarometry results are integrated with ^(40)Ar/^(39)Ar mineral and Th-U-Pb monazite and thorite ages to provide new insight of polyphase metamorphism in the two different basement units of the SSZ,the lower Galeh-Doz orthogneiss and higher Amphibolite-Metagabbro *** the Amphibolite-Metagabbro unit,staurolite micaschist underwent a prograde P-T evolution from 640±20℃/6.2±0.8 kbar in garnet cores(M1)to 680±20℃/7.2±1.0 kbar in garnet rims(M2).Three Th-U-Pb monazite ages of 306±5 Ma,322±28 Ma and 336±39 Ma from the garnet-micaschists testify the Carboniferous age of M1 *** the same unit,the metagabbro records P-T conditions of 4.0±0.8 kbar and 580±50℃ in the(magmatic)amphibole core(Late Carboniferous intrusion)to 7.5±0.7 kbar and 700±20℃ in the amphibole rim indicating a prograde P-T path during subsequent burial(M1).New ^(40)Ar/^(39)Ar dating of white mica from the staurolite micaschist yielded a staircase pattern ranging from 36±12 Ma to 170±2 *** implies polymetamorphism with a minimum Late Jurassic cooling age through the Ar retention temperature of ca.425±25℃ after M2 metamorphism and a Paleogene low-grade metamorphic overprint(M3),while ^(40)Ar/^(39)Ar white mica dating of garnet micaschist yielded a plateau age of 137.84±0.65 *** therefore interpret the amphibolite-grade metamorphism M2 to have predated 170 Ma and is likely between 180 and 200 ***,it is overprinted at about 36 Ma under retrogressive low-grade M3 metamorphism(at temperatures of~350-240℃)during final shortening and *** the underlying Galeh-Doz unit,the Panafrican granitic orthogneiss i

关键词： Carboniferous Polyphase metamorphism Petrochronology Chemical Th-U-Pb age dating ^(40)Ar/^(39)Ar dating Collisional orogen

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Severe chronic diarrhea and weight loss in cholesteryl ester storage disease: A case report

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第15期11卷 2364-2366页

作者： Uta Drebber Matthias Andersen Hans U Kasper Peter Lohse manfred Stolte Hans P Dienes Institute of Pathology Department of Internal Medicine Department of Clinical Chemistry-Grosshadern

AIM: An inherited deficiency of human lysosomal acid lipase (LAL)results in the rare conditions of Wolman disease and cholesteryl ester storage disease (CESD). We want to present the rare case of CESD in an ***: We report about an adult female patient with severe chronic diarrhea and weight loss as a consequence of CESD. Clinical examination revealed signs of malabsorption and slightly elevated liver ***: Histopathologic changes in the liver tissue and DNA sequence analysis confirmed the diagnosis of CESD due to homozygosity for the most common CESD mutation,a G934A splice site defect encoded by exon 8 of the lysosomal acid lipase (LIPA) ***: It is the first case in the literature with diarrhea as a putative symptom of CESD in adult patients.

关键词： CESD Acid esterase Hydrolase Liver biopsy Pathology Diarrhea

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TACKLING INDUSTRIAL-SCALE SUPPLY CHAIN PROBLEMS BY MIXED-INTEGER PROGRAMMING

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Journal of Computational Mathematics 2019年第6期37卷 866-888页

作者： Gerald Gamrath Ambros Gleixner Thorsten koch Matt hias Miltenberger Dimitri Kniasew Dominik Schlogel Alexander Martin Dieter Weninger Zuse Institute Berlin Department Optimization SAP SE SAP Optimization Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-NiimbeTg Department Mathematics

The modeling flexibility and the optimality guarantees provided by mixed-integer programming greatly aid the design of robust and future-proof decision support *** complexity of industrial-scale supply chain optimization,however,often poses limits to the application of general mixed-integer programming *** this paper we describe algorithmic innovations that help to ensure that MIP solver performance matches the complexity of the large supply chain problems and tight time limits encountered in *** computational evaluation is based on a diverse set,modeling real-world scenarios supplied by our industry partner SAP.

关键词： Supply chain management Supply network optimization Mixed-integer linear programming Primal heuristics Numerical stability Large-scale optimization

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Skincare plants of the Naxi of NW Yunnan, China

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Plant Diversity 2020年第6期42卷 473-478页

作者： Yanqiang Zhao Zexing Yang Bayi Lang manfred Shao Wu Meng Dayuan Xue Lu Gao Lixin Yang College of Forestry and Vocational Technology in Yunnan Kunming650224YunnanChina Department of Reproductive Genetics the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical UniversityKunming650032YunnanChina Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming650201YunnanChina Center for Biodiversity and Indigenous Knowledge Kunming650034YunnanChina Duke Global Health Institute Duke UniversityNC27708USA Minzu University of China Beijing10081China Yunnan Minzu University Kunming650031YunnanChina

The Naxi of Northwest Yunnan,China use medicinal plants to treat skin conditions related to traditional lifestyles in extreme ***,modernization endangers both the medicinal plants used to treat skin conditions and traditional ***,investigation and documentation of the medicinal plants used and associated traditional knowledge is *** this study,we conducted an ethnobotanical survey in 12 Naxi communities in Northwest *** this purpose,we used semistructured surveys to interview 840 informants from Naxi *** used informant consensus factor and use frequency as quantitative indices to evaluate the importance of medicinal plant species.A total of 161 medicinal plant species belonging to 69 families were *** highest informant consensus factor(ICF)values were recorded for skin nourishing(ICF?0.849),frostbite and chapped skin(ICF?0.833).These skin treatments are highly related to the environment and lifestyle of Naxi *** main active compounds of plants used to treat skin conditions in Naxi communities are known to have skin-treating *** study reveals that the skin conditions treated by the Naxi are associated with traditional medicine culture and social economic *** addition,this study uses ethnobotanical indices to explain how skin condition treatments are linked to the natural environment of Naxi communities.

关键词： Skincare plants Traditional knowledge Naxi NW Yunnan

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Status of the chiral magnetic effect and collisions of isobars

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Chinese Physics C 2017年第7期41卷 1-13页

作者： Volker koch Soeren Schlichting Vladimir Skokov Paul Sorensen Jim Thomas Sergei Voloshin Gang Wang Ho-Ung Yee Nuclear Science Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA Department of Physics University of Washington Seattle WA 98195-1560 USA RIKEN/BNL Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton NY 11973 USA Wayne State University 666 W. Hancock Detroit MI 48201 USA Department of Physics and Astronomy University of California Los Angeles California 90095 USA Department of Physics University of Illinois Chicago Illinois 60607 USA

In this review, we examine the current theoretical and experimental status of the chiral magnetic *** discuss possible future strategies for resolving uncertainties in interpretation including recommendations for theoretical work, recommendations for measurements based on data collected in the past five years, and recommendations for beam use in the coming years of RHIC. We specifically investigate the case for colliding nuclear isobars（nuclei with the same mass but different charge） and find the case compelling. We recommend that a program of nuclear isobar collisions to isolate the chiral magnetic effect from background sources be placed as a high priority item in the strategy for completing the RHIC mission.

关键词： chiral magnetic effect heavy ion collisions QCD

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