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Seasonal Performance of Solar Power Plants in the Sahel Region: A Study in Senegal, West Africa

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Smart Grid and Renewable Energy 2024年第2期15卷 79-97页

作者： Serigne Abdoul Aziz Niang Mamadou Simina Drame Astou Sarr mame diarra Toure Ahmed Gueye Seydina Oumar ndiaye Kharouna Talla FST D&#233partement de Physique Universit&#233 Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar Dakar S&#233n&#233gal Laboratoire de Physique de l’Atmosphère et de l’Océan Siméon Fongang Université Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar Sénégal

The main objective of this study is to evaluate the seasonal performance of 20 MW solar power plants in Senegal. The analysis revealed notable seasonal variations in the performance of all stations. The most significant yields are recorded in spring, autumn and winter, with values ranging from 5 to 7.51 kWh/kWp/day for the reference yield and 4.02 to 7.58 kWh/kWp/day for the final yield. These fluctuations are associated with intense solar activity during the dry season and clear skies, indicating peak production. Conversely, minimum values are recorded during the rainy season from June to September, with a final yield of 3.86 kWh/kW/day due to dust, clouds and high temperatures. The performance ratio analysis shows seasonal dynamics throughout the year with rates ranging from 77.40% to 95.79%, reinforcing reliability and optimal utilization of installed capacity. The results of the capacity factor vary significantly, with March, April, May, and sometimes October standing out as periods of optimal performance, with 16% for Kahone, 16% for Bokhol, 18% for Malicounda and 23% for Sakal. Total losses from solar power plants show similar seasonal trends standing out for high loss levels from June to July, reaching up to 3.35 kWh/kWp/day in June. However, using solar trackers at Sakal has increased production by up to 25%, demonstrating the operational stability of this innovative technology compared with the plants fixed panel. Finally, comparing these results with international studies confirms the outstanding efficiency of Senegalese solar power plants, other installations around the world.

关键词： Performance Study Photovoltaic Power Plant Season Variations Senegal

Epidemiology of Cardiovascular mortality in Patients under 60 Years Old in a Cardiology Department in West Africa, Dakar-Senegal

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World Journal of Cardiovascular Diseases 2024年第8期14卷 502-514页

作者： Aliou Alassane Ngaide Ngone Diaba Gaye Joseph Salvador Mingou mame diarra Sene Momar Dioum Mouhamadou Bamba ndiaye Alassane Mbaye Abdoul Kane Faculty of Medicine University Cheikh Anta Diop of Dakar Dakar Senegal Cardiology Department Dalal Jamm Hospital Dakar Senegal Cardiology Department Aristide Le Dantec Hospital Dakar Senegal Cardiology Department Idrissa Pouye General Hospital Dakar Senegal Cardiology Department Fann Hospital Dakar Senegal

Background: Our study aimed to examine cardiovascular mortality within the working-age population, exploring epidemiological, clinical, and paraclinical features, complications, and identifying etiological factors linked to mortality. Methods: We conducted a descriptive and analytical retrospective study from September 2019 to August 2022 at the General Hospital Idrissa POUYE in Dakar, we reviewed all the medical records of patients from 15 to 60 years old who died while admitted in the cardiology department. Data collected were socioeconomic status, clinical history, type of cardiovascular disaese, length of hospitalization, circumstances and timing of death. The data were analyzed with R. Studio version 2022.12.0 + 353 and Excel 2019, with a P-value Results: The study included 73 patients, indicating a specific mortality rate of 8.8% and a proportional mortality of 39%. Predominantly male (sex ratio 1.2), the average age was 44. Key cardiovascular risk factors identified were sedentarism (76.7%), hypertension (28.8%), and smoking (21.9%). The leading cause for consultation was dyspnea (72.6%). Notable findings included a majority of patients presenting with general condition deterioration (90%) and cardiovascular collapse upon admission (23.3%). Physical exam revealed signs of heart failure in 63%. Echocardiography showed left ventricular ejection fraction impairment (81%) and pulmonary hypertension (78%). Immediate causes of death were primarily cardiogenic shock (45.2%) and septic shock (37%). The analytical study indicates that the data most closely associated with mortality were age, socio-economic level, ischemic heart disease (p = 0.034), rheumatic valvulopathies, pulmonary embolism (p = 0.034), hypertension (HTA) (p = 0.009), smoking (p = 0.011), diabetes (p = 0.011), dyslipidemias, prolonged bedrest (p = 0.001), morbid obesity (p = 0.001), and COVID-19 infection (p = 0.017). Conclusion: The prevalence of ischemic heart diseases, pulmonary embolisms, and va

关键词： mortality Under 60 Years Cardiovascular Dakar

Nuchal Cord at Delivery and Neonatal Outcomes: A Retrospective Cohort Study

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2022年第4期12卷 285-291页

作者： Mbodji Aissatou Gueye Mamour Wade Mouhamadou ndiaye mame diarra Dia Aliou Djiby Cisse Aliou Ibrahim Rahadat ndiaye mor Talla Mbaye Magatte Philippe Maguilen Senghor Health Center Dakar Sénégal Cheikh Anta Diop Univeristy Dakar Sénégal Gaston Berger University Saint-Louis Sénégal

Objective: The present study was aimed at evaluating the outcome of pregnancies with a nuchal cord. Methods: A retrospective population-based study of all deliveries during the years 2011-2020 in Philippe Maguilen SENGHOR Center was conducted. Perinatal outcome of patients with and without nuchal cord was compared. Results: Among 44,958 deliveries during the study period, 1.8% had a nuchal cord, documented at birth (n = 807). Higher rates of labor induction (9.1% vs. 3.2%;p 0.001) and non-reassuring fetal heart rate patterns (RR = 2.366;CI: 1.631 - 3.432) were noted among pregnancies with nuchal cord as compared with the control group. The cesarean delivery rate was significantly higher among pregnancies with a nuchal cord (39.5% vs. 21.8%;RR = 2333;CI: 2.023 - 2.692). Although 5 min Apgar scores lower than 7 were more common in pregnancies with a nuchal cord (7.8% vs. 3.8%;RR = 2.117;CI: 1.629 - 3.363). There was no statistical significance between the two groups for the perinatal mortality. Conclusion: Nuchal cord is associated with prolonged labor and adverse perinatal outcome.

关键词： Nuchal Cord Perinatal Outcome Philippe Senghor Health Center Dakar

Epidemiology and Prognosis of Retroplacental Hematoma in a Maternity Ward at a Regional Hospital Center in Southern Senegal

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2019年第2期9卷 149-157页

作者： Babacar Biaye Omar Gassama mame diarra ndiaye Gueye Moussa Diallo Aminata Niass mor Cisse Alassane Diouf Jean Charles moreau Gynecological and Obstetric Clinic University Hospital Aristide Le Dantec Dakar Senegal

Objectives: To study the epidemiological profile and the prognosis of the retro-placental hematoma (HRP) at the maternity ward at Kolda Regional Hospital Center. Materials and methods: This was a retrospective descriptive cross-sectional study conducted over a period of 11 years: from January 1st, 2006 to December 31st, 2016, at Kolda Regional Hospital Center. It included all patients admitted for HRP during this period. The studied parameters concerned sociodemographic characteristics, gynecological obstetrical history;clinical, therapeutic and prognostic data (non-inclusion or exclusion criteria). The data were collected from medical records, the delivery room and the surgery room registers using a collection sheet developed for this purpose. The statistical analysis of the variables studied was done with the software Epi-info 3.5. For the qualitative variables, we calculated the frequencies and for the quantitative variables, we studied the distributions. Results: During the study period, 15,343 were recorded deliveries and we carried out the diagnosis of HRP in 301 patients (1.97%). The average age of the patients was 24 years with an average parity of 4.8 deliveries. Almost all the patients (87.5%) were evacuated and half had delivered by caesarean section. Maternal and fetal deaths were 7% and 72.1%, respectively. Uterine atony accounted for 21.2% of complications. One third of the cases of uterine atony had resulted in a hysterectomy. The average duration of hospitalization was 6 days. Conclusion: The retro-placental hematoma is a serious medico-obstetric emergency. It is burdened with high maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality in developing countries.

关键词： Retro-Placental Hematoma mortality Kolda

Bat 26 Microsatellite Instability in Oral Cavity Cancers in Senegal

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Journal of Cancer Therapy 2023年第1期14卷 25-37页

作者： mame diarra Samb Fatimata Mbaye Mouhamadou Makhtar ndiaye Silly Toure Mbacke Sembene Genomics Laboratory Department of Animal Biology Faculty of Science and Technology Cheikh Anta Diop University Dakar Senegal Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Stomatology Faculty of Medicine Pharmacy and Stomatology Cheikh Anta Diop University Dakar Senegal

Oral cavity cancers are part of head and neck cancers. They have become frequent in the world in general and Senegal in particular. This study evaluates microsatellite instability tumors in oral cavity cancers in Senegal. Forty cancerous tissues, 20 healthy tissues, and 12 blood tissues were included in this study. These tissues were collected from each patient during the biopsy after obtaining consent. DNA extraction, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and sequencing were carried out to obtain sequences. Mutation surveyor, Bioedit and Dnasp software were used to perform our analyses. High instability was found in 57.5% of patients with cancer. moreover, 90% of the patients had the same motif on healthy and cancerous tissue. Furthermore, 26.12%, 20.72%, and 11.71% polymorphic sites were found in cancerous, healthy and blood tissue respectively. Thus, a similarity between cancerous and healthy tissues seems to exist. This implies that instability of the Bat 26 microsatellite could occur early in the occurrence of oral cavity cancers.

关键词： Cancer Oral Cavity Microsatellite Instability Bat 26 Senegal

Report of a New Case of Interlocking Heads in a Breech-Vertex Twin Delivery: A Conversation with My Residents

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2021年第1期11卷 40-47页

作者： Mamour Gueye Mouhamadou Wade Aissatou Mbodji mame diarra ndiaye Ndiémé Mbaye mor Talla ndiaye Rahadat Ibrahim Amadou Lamine Cisse Aliou Djiby Dia Aliou Cisse Moussa Diallo Omar Gassama Ousmane Thiam Magatte Mbaye Philippe Senghor Health Center Cheikh Anta Diop University Dakar Senegal

“Locked twins” is a rare event occurring in about 1 in every 1000 twin births. A 21-year-old primigravida with a 31-week twin pregnancy was admitted for delivery. The head of the first twin was locked to the chin of the second twin at the top of the symphysis pubis. Caesarean section was performed allowing the delivery of both dead twins. Twins gestations with first twin in the breech presentation raise index of suspicion of potential locked twin. However, management of such situation is controversial with most authors and colleges recommending caesarean section to avoid interlocking heads. We report another rare case of interlocking heads and bring up the topic about management of breech-first twin deliveries.

关键词： Interlocking Heads Breech Presentation Twins Recommendations

How to Avoid Primary Caesarean Section? A Five-Year Experience Report from a Level 2 Facility in Dakar Senegal

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2017年第12期7卷 1174-1182页

作者： mame diarra ndiaye Gueye Mamour Gueye Magatte Mbaye Abdelouahed Chraibi Aliou Diouf Mouhamadou Wade Moussa Diallo Omar Gassama mor Cisse Youssoupha Toure Moustapha Thiam Jean Charles moreau Gynecologic and Obstetric Clinic Aristide Le Dantec Teaching Hospital Cheikh Anta DIOP University Dakar Senegal

Objectives: The aim of this study was to analyse key factors and main indications of primary caesarean sections and find out ways to reduce the rising rates. Patients and method: This was a longitudinal and retrospective study carried out from 1 January 2012 to 31 December 2016. The study included all patients in whom a primary CS was performed. A previous uterine scar was a non-inclusion criterion. We analysed the main indications and their trends during these five years, Apgar score at the 5th minute according to the course of caesarean section rate and the impact of daily audit. Data were collected retrospectively from 2012 to 2015, then prospectively in 2016 using a Filemaker database. Data were analysed with SPSS 21 software, Mac version. Averages were calculated for quantitative data and percentage for qualitative ones. The statistical tests used were the Pearson Chi2 test. The differences observed were considered significant when the p value was less than 0.05. Results: During the study period, we registered 21.308 deliveries and 6.292 caesarean sections (29.5%). Primary CS concerned 72.5% of overall CS. The main indications were suspicious of fetal distress (29.1%), obstructed or prolonged labour (21.7%), breech and twin delivery with respectively 8.2% and 5.2%. We registered more vaginal deliveries with induction of labour: 81.4% versus 75.2%. An obstetrical audit allowed better management of labour and decrease of CS rate. Conclusion: We need to focus on diagnosis of fetal distress, management of breech presentation in twin delivery and singleton. The induction of labour can be an effective alternative in some indications. An obstetrical audit is necessary to reverse caesarean section rate.

关键词： Caesarean Section Rate Indications Apgar Score Obstetrical Audit

Back Illuminated N/P/P<sup>+</sup>Bifacial Silicon Solar Cell under Modulated Short-Wavelength: Determination of Base Optimum Thickness

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Energy and Power Engineering 2021年第5期13卷 207-220页

作者： Mamadou Sall Dianguina Diarisso mame Faty Mbaye Fall Gora Diop mor ndiaye Khady Loum Gregoire Sissoko Laboratory of Semiconductors and Solar Energy Physics Department Faculty of Science and Technology Cheikh Anta Diop University Dakar Senegal University Institute of Technology University of Thiès Thiès Sénégal Ecole Polytechnique de Thiès Thiès Sénégal

A bifacial silicon solar cell under monochromatic illumination in frequency modulation by the rear side is being studied for the optimization of base thickness. The density of photogenerated carriers in the base is obtained by resolution of the continuity equation, with the help of boundary conditions at the junction surface (n+/p) and the rear face (p/p+) of the base. For a short wavelength corresponding to a high absorption coefficient, the AC photocurrent density is calculated and represented according to the excess minority carrier’s recombination velocity at the junction, for different modulation frequency values. The expression of the AC recombination velocity of excess minority carriers at the rear surface of the base of the solar cell is then deduced, depending on both, the absorption coefficient of the silicon material and the thickness of the base. Compared to the intrinsic AC recombination velocity, the optimal thickness is extracted and modeled in a mathematical relationship, as a decreasing function of the modulated frequency of back illumination. Thus under these operating conditions, a maximum short-circuit photocurrent is obtained and a low-cost bifacial solar cell can be achieved by reducing material (Si) to elaborate the base thickness.

关键词： Bifacial Silicon Solar Cell AC Recombination Velocity-Base Thickness Short-Wavelength

Assessment of Total Incapacity for Work or Incapacity in the Criminal Sense in Case of Penetrating Wounds of the Neck

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Forensic Medicine and Anatomy Research 2018年第1期6卷 1-9页

作者： El Hadji Oumar Ndoye Bobo Diallo Sidy Ahmed Dia Mouhamed Manibiliot Soumah mame Coumba Fall mor ndiaye Department of Forensic and Labor Medicine University Cheikh Anta Diop (UCAD) Dakar Senegal ENT Department of the University Hospital Center of Fann Dakar Senegal

Penetrating wounds of the neck are often life-threatening. The victims are exposed to vascular and laryngotracheal lesions. The purpose of this work is to report the various aspects of the management of penetrating wounds in our context and to make the medico-legal assessment of incapacity in the criminal sense or total incapacity for work. This is a retrospective study (2002-2014) on thirty-nine (39) cases of penetrating neck wounds, received at the ENT departments of the Aristide Le Dantec and Fann University Hospital Centers. Patients were predominantly male, representing 94% of cases with an average age of 27 years. Seventy (70%) of the accidents occurred in the region of Dakar. In 42% of cases, the circumstance of occurrence was a fight or an assault. The weapon used in most cases by the aggressor was a cutter or a knife. The average waiting time was 37 hours with extremes of 02 and 216 hours. Surgically, all patients had been examined under general anesthesia. In terms of lesions, 37 cases had profound cervical muscle injuries, i.e. 94%. There were 17 vascular lesions (43%). The medico-legal distribution of patients showed that among them, 10% had a total incapacity to work exceeding 21 days. The determination of total incapacity for work is an important medical procedure that requires capability and experience. The doctor must not fall into the trap of the confusion between the TIW on the criminal level and the TIW on the civil level. He must limit medically and should not make judgments.

关键词： Penetrating Neck Wounds Assessment of Total Incapacity for Work Criminal Incapacity Forensic Medicine