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Agricultural Sciences 2024年第9期15卷 1009-1017页

作者： mamadou Yaya Baldé mamadou aliou diallo Mariama Barry Dian Foula diallo mamadouba Bangaly Camara Nyankoï Soropogui Institut de Recherche Environnementale de Guine (IREG) Conakry Guinea Department of Chemistry Gamal Abdel Nasser University of Conakry Conakry Guinea

The fight against insalubrity in large urban and peri-urban agglomerations is a major challenge in developing countries. This problem is compounded by that of sustainable waste management mechanisms. Indeed, the current waste collection system in Guinea has proved inadequate, as moving garbage from point “A” to point “B” is tantamount to “moving the problem”. The aim of this experimental work is to demonstrate the cost-effectiveness and benefits of sustainable waste management. As part of this drive to valorize biodegradable waste, the Waste Management Research Center has undertaken a series of activities ranging from composting organic waste to testing compost on certain crop varieties. An experimental field of 8024 m2 was laid out and treated with 1500 Kg of fine compost in doses ranging from 2.5 to 5 T/ha. Two crop varieties, eggplant and chili, were tested. Compost application increased production yields: 15 to 21 tonnes of eggplant and 10.4 to 11.1 tonnes of chili per hectare. Growth rates compared with usual yields varied from 50% to 64% and from 11% to 17% for eggplant and chili, respectively. This study resulted in an optimum compost dose of 2.5 T/ha for this phase.

关键词： Sustainable Waste Management Compost Eggplant Chilli Yield IREG CREGED

Cervicofacial Cystic Lymphangiomas and Review of the Literature: About 2 Cases at Donka National Hospital

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International Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery 2022年第6期11卷 292-299页

作者： Abdoulaye Keïta Ibrahima diallo Mamady Fofana Sayon Kourouma mamadou Mouctar Ramata diallo mamadou aliou diallo Sory Sacko Mohamed Casimir Kaman Department of ENT-HNS Donka University Hospital Conakry Republic of Guinea Department of ENT-HNS Kankan Regional Hospital Kankan Republic of Guinea Department of ENT-HNS Camp Samory Touré Conakry Republic of Guinea Department of ENT-HNS Mamou Regional Hospital Mamou Republic of Guinea

In this retrospective study, conducted over 7 years (2009-2016) at the ENT and Head and Neck Surgery Department of the Donka National Hospital, we report 2 cases of cervicofacial cystic lymphangiomas. They were a 28-month-old girl and a 2-year-old boy. The symptomatology was noted after their birth. Dyspnea and dysphagia were found in the boy. They had a satisfactory general condition. ENT examination noted a cystic-like tumor syndrome. Imaging showed evidence of a cystic lymphangioma of the cervicofacial region. Pathological examination confirmed the diagnosis. All patients underwent exeresis cervicotomy. We found adhesion of the lymphangioma cyst to the internal jugular vein in the children. The boy presented a paralysis of the chin branch of the facial nerve after the surgery. We did not find any tumor recurrence. However, cystic cervicofacial lymphangiomas are a particular aspect of surgical pathology in children in Africa. In spite of the advent of sclerosing products, surgery remains for us the treatment of choice.

关键词： Cystic Lymphangioma Management Literature Review African Setting

Otorhinolaryngological (ORL) and Cervicofacial Injuries Resulting from Road Accidents within the Otorhinolaryngology (ORL) Department of the Regional Hospital of Mamou

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International Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery 2024年第1期13卷 16-28页

作者： mamadou Mouctar Ramata diallo Ibrahima diallo Alsény Camara mamadou aliou diallo Raphan Madi Kaba Keita Abdoulaye Sow Alsény Cisse Sory Sacko mamadou Gouraissiou diallo Abdoulaye Keita Alpha Oumar diallo Ear Nose and Throat (ENT) Department Regional Hospital Mamou Mamou Guinea Ear Nose and Throat (ENT) Department National Hospital Donka Conakry Guinea Ear Nose and Throat (ENT) Department Regional Hospital N’zérékoré N’zérékoré Guinea Ear Nose and Throat (ENT) Department Regional Hospital Labé Labé Guinea Ear Nose and Throat (ENT) Department National Hospital Ignace Deen Conakry Guinea

Introduction: Otorhinolaryngological (ORL) and cervicofacial traumas encompass injuries affecting the neck, face, and ORL region, resulting from external influence. The objective of this study was to conduct an epidemiological and clinical analysis of ORL and cervicofacial injuries observed in victims of road accidents treated at the Otorhinolaryngology (ORL) department of the Regional Hospital of Mamou. Materials and Methods: This prospective and descriptive study was conducted over a period of 12 months, from January 1st to December 31st, 2021, within the Otorhinolaryngology (ORL) department of the Regional Hospital of Mamou. It included patients hospitalized for ORL and/or cervicofacial traumas resulting from road accidents during the study period. Results: A total of 348 cases were included, representing 36.22% of all traumas related to road accidents (AVP) within the Regional Hospital of Mamou. The average age of the patients was 26.44 years, with a sex ratio of 3.83, favoring males. The dominant socio-professional category was students, encompassing 32.47% of cases. Road accidents were mainly associated with motorcycle use (31.32% motorcycle-to-motorcycle, 24.43% motorcycle skidding, 13.51% motorcycle-pedestrian). Facial region injuries were the most common, accounting for 69.03% of cases, followed by rhinological injuries (17.28%) and otological injuries (13.69%). Associated injuries were predominantly closed head traumas (52.55%) and lower limb fractures (20.41%). Imaging was underutilized. Regarding surgical interventions, reconstructive surgery was the most predominant, accounting for 52.51% of cases, with a management timeframe of 30 minutes to 12 hours for 99.72% of patients. Conclusion: Road traffic accidents remain a serious public health issue, primarily affecting young males. Emphasis should be placed on road safety measures to reduce the frequency of these accidents.

关键词： ENT Injuries Road Accidents Regional Hospital of Mamou

Assessment of Thyroidectomies in Children at the ENT Department of the Thiès Regional Hospital, about 29 Cases over 16 Years (2003-2018)

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International Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery 2023年第6期12卷 365-374页

作者： mamadou Mouctar Ramata diallo Ibrahima diallo mamadou aliou diallo Aminata Mbaye Alsény Camara Ndiassé Ndiaye Oumou Amadou diallo Abdoulaye Sow Sory Sacko Sayon Kourouma Alpha Oumar diallo mamadou Sakoba Barry Abdoulaye Keita ENT Department Mamou Regional Hospital Mamou Guinea ENT Department Donka National Hospital Conakry Guinea ENTDepartment Thiès Regional Hospital Thiès Senegal ENT Department Ignace Deen National Hospital Conakry Guinea General Surgery Department Ignace Deen National Hospital Conakry Guinea

Thyroidectomy is a complete or partial surgical removal of the thyroid gland. The aim was to review the particularities of thyroid surgery in children, to review our operative indications and our working method as well as the results by comparing them with the data in the literature. This was a retrospective study covering a sixteen-year period from January 2003 to December 2018. We collated 29 patient records from 3 to 15 years of age. The epidemiological aspect, the indication and the operative gesture, the anatomopathological result were studied. Data were processed using Epi Info version 3.5.4 and Microsoft Excel 2010. Our study shows that thyroid surgery in children accounted for 2% of all thyroidectomies performed (1350 cases). Females were most affected, with a sex ratio of 0.16. The mean age was 12 years, with extremes of 3 and 15 years. Three indication groups: Graves’ disease 62%, heteromulti nodular goiter (HMNG) 28%, thyroid nodule 10%. Thyroid surgery was total in 65.5% of cases;subtotal thyroidectomy in 20.7%. Partial thyroidectomy was performed in 13.7% of cases. We dissected 54 recurrent nerves, and the parathyroids were controlled. Drainage was systematic. We noted one complication (3.4%). It involved immediate postoperative dyspnea requiring a life-saving tracheotomy, and decanulation was performed 48 hours after surgery.

关键词： Thyroidectomy Child Indication

Fishbone-Type Pharyngeal Foreign Body with Cutaneous Migration in the ENT Department of the Mamou Regional Hospital: A Case Report

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International Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery 2023年第6期12卷 385-389页

作者： mamadou Mouctar Ramata diallo mamadou aliou diallo Ibrahima diallo Oumou Amadou diallo Abdoulaye Sow Alsény Cissé Sory Sacko Alsény Camara Sayon Kourouma Alpha Oumar diallo Abdoulaye Keita mamadou Sakoba Barry ENT Department Mamou Regional Hospital Mamou Guinea ENT Department Donka National Hospital Conakry Guinea ENT Department Labé Regional Hospital Labé Guinea Near Nose and Throat Department Ignace Deen National Hospital Conakry Guinea General Surgery Department Ignace Deen National Hospital Conakry Guinea

We report a case of pharyngeal foreign body with cutaneous migration in the form of a fishbone in a 24-year-old rural resident, presented with odynophagia, dysphagia, pain and left antero-latero-cervical swelling fistulated to the skin following ingestion of a fishbone during a meal that had been evolving for 2 weeks. Vital parameters were normal, with an unremarkable psychological examination. Clinical examination revealed a left antero-latero-cervical swelling that was painful to palpation, fistulous to the skin and draining frank pus, revealing a sharp fishbone. A standard X-ray showed that the foreign body had exited the pharynx and was located in the soft tissues of the lower neck. An exploratory cervicotomy was performed, allowing extraction of a serrated fishbone. The post-operative course was favorable.

关键词： Pharyngeal Foreign Body Migrant Otolaryngology Mamou Regional Hospital

Review of 6 Years of Middle Ear Surgery in the ENT-Laryngology Department of the Donka National Hospital and a Literature Review

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Surgical Science 2024年第8期15卷 471-479页

作者： mamadou aliou diallo Ibrahima diallo mamadou Mouctar Ramata diallo Sayon Kourouma Alsény Camara Alsény Cissé Abdoulaye Bayo Barry Alpha Oumar Sory Sacko Abdoulaye Keita Service dORL Hpital National Donka Conakry Guinea Service dORL Hpital Rgional de Mamou Mamou Guinea Service dORL Hpital Rgional de Lab Lab Guinea

Introduction: Middle ear surgery is increasingly performed in our department. Our goal was to take stock of this activity in the ENT department of the Donka National Hospital. Equipment and Methods: It was a descriptive and retrospective study;it involved 71 patients’ records operated from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2023. We included the files of patients who had a middle ear surgery including the post-operative report and follow-up. Incomplete or illegible records were excluded. The parameters studied were epidemiological, otoscopic, tomodensitometric, surgical indications, surgical techniques and results. Results: We recorded 71 middle ear surgeries out of 548 ENT surgeries, the prevalence was 12.96%. The average age was 23 years (type-deviation = 17, 29 years) with extremes of 3 to 75 years. According to the preoperative audiometry, the deafness was medium (48.8%), mild (36.9%) and severe (14.3%). The operative indications were among others: perforation of the tympanic sequellar (52.5%), chronic otomastoiditis (23.8%), cholesteatoma (15%) and seromuqueous otitis (8.7%). We performed 70 tympanoplasties (90.9%), 50 mastoidectomies (64.9%) and 7 trans-tympanic aerators (9.1%). One month after surgery, the neotympanum was constituted in 86%, and the hearing gain was between 11 and 15 dB in 18.3% of cases. Conclusion: Middle ear surgery was infrequent. Young subjects are the most concerned. Tympanoplasty and mastoidectomy are the main surgical techniques. The anatomical and functional results are appreciable.

关键词： Surgery Ear Tympanoplasty Mastoïdectomie

Otorhinolaryngology Diseases in HIV-Positive Patients: 208 Cases at the Donka National Hospital

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International Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery 2023年第1期12卷 1-7页

作者： Abdoulaye Keita Ibrahima diallo mamadou aliou diallo mamadou Mouctar Ramata diallo Sayon Kourouma Fofana Mamady Alpha Oumar Barry Mohamed Casimir Kaman Abdoulaye 1 Bayo Mohamed Karfalla Kaba Fodé Alpha Doumbouya mamadou Saliou Sow Department of ENT and HNS Donka University Hospital Conakry Guinea Department of ENT and HNS Mamou Regional Hospital Mamou Guinea Department of ENT and HNS Camp Samory Touré Conakry Guinea Department of ENT and HNS Kankan Regional Hospital Kankan Guinea Department of Infectious Diseases Donka University Hospital Conakry Guinea

Introduction: Otorhinolaryngology (ENT) diseases in patients living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (HIV/ AIDS) are relatively common and of concern to ENT specialists and other health professionals. Aim: It was to describe the epidemiological and diagnostic aspects of ENT and cervicofacial diseases in patients living with HIV/ AIDS. Material and Methods: This was a descriptive study with prospective data collection, conducted over a period of six months (September 16, 2019 to March 16, 2020), carried out at the ENT and Infectious Diseases Departments of the Donka National Hospital. Results: Of 522 HIV-positive patients, 208 (39.8%) presented with ENT diseases. Women represented 62.5% with a sex ratio of 0.6. The mean age was 42.21 years with extremes of 16 and 64 years. Housewives were the most represented (29.8%). Married people were the most affected (76.4%). Cervical involvement was present in 7.7% of patients. Otologic involvement accounted for 43.7%. Oral cavity and pharyngolaryngeal involvement accounted for 50.9%. Nasosinus involvement accounted for 55.7%. HIV type I was the most common (99.5%). Conclusion: Otorhinolaryngology diseases were frequent in HIV positive patients. They may constitute the first reason for consultation. However, these ENT diseases remain in appendix of the opportunistic diseases of HIV/AIDS taking the front stage.

关键词： Otorhinolaryngology Diseases Epidemiology HIV/AIDS Diagnosis Sub-Saharan Africa

Comparative Study between Patients Treated with Conventional Radiotherapy and IMRT with Chemotherapy for Stage III - IVA Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: A Single Institution Retrospective Report

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Journal of Cancer Therapy 2023年第12期14卷 451-464页

作者： Mamady Keita Juan Li Malick Bah mamadou aliou diallo Alhassane Ismaël Touré Abou Camara Bangaly Traoré Abdoulaye Keita Wenbing Shen Department of Radiotherapy The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang China Cancer Department of Donka National Hospital Conakry Guinea Faculty of Health Sciences and Techniques of Gamal Abdel Nasser University of Conakry Conakry Guinea Department of ENT-CFS Donka National Hospital Conakry Guinea

Introduction: Nasopharyngeal carcinomas are the most radiation-sensitive tumours, and radiotherapy alone provides better local control. Objectives: To evaluate the clinical efficacy and acute and late toxicities of two different treatment regimens for locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Methods: From 2014 to 2017, 150 cases of stage III and 68 cases of stage IVA nasopharyngeal carcinoma were treated. Of these, 137 received conventional radiotherapy plus chemotherapy, and 81 received intensity-modulated radiotherapy plus chemotherapy. Chemotherapy was given either as induction, concurrent or adjuvant therapy. Survival rates were calculated according to Kaplan Meier and compared with the Log-rank test. The RTOG or EORTC criteria were used to assess acute and late toxicities. Results: The median follow-up time was 21.5 months, and the 2-year locoregional relapse-free survival, distant metastases-free survival, and overall survival rates in the conventional radiotherapy plus chemotherapy group were 76%, 71% and 77%, respectively;in the intensity-modulated radiotherapy plus chemotherapy group, they were 97%, 84%, and 100%, respectively. The difference in survival between the two groups was significant (χ2 = 5.06, P = 0.028). The incidence of grade 2 and 3 xerostomia one year after radiotherapy was 45.1% and 30.9% versus 33.3% and 0%. Conclusion: Compared with conventional radiotherapy plus chemotherapy, intensity-modulated radiotherapy plus chemotherapy offers better locoregional relapse-free survival and overall survival in patients with stage III and IVA nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and may significantly reduce the occurrence of radiation-induced xerostomia.

关键词： Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Conventional Radiotherapy Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy Chemotherapy Prognosis

Oral Lesions Observed in Tobacco Consumers: Socio-Demographical and Clinical Aspects in the Prefectures of Kankan and Siguiri Republic of Guinea

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Open Journal of Stomatology 2021年第11期11卷 443-450页

作者： diallo Oumar Raphiou Conde Alhassane diallo Ibrahim Balde mamadou aliou Department of Odontostomatology and Maxillofacial Surgery Donka National Hospital Conakry Guinea Center for Research and Valorization of Medicinal Plants Conakry Guinea

Introduction: Oral lesions observed in Chewing Tobacco (CT) consumers are histological alterations caused by direct contact with the tissues of the oral cavity. The objectives of this study were to determine the socio-demographic status of consumers and describe the clinical characteristics of the oral lesions observed. Material and Method: It was a descriptive cross-sectional study lasting 12 months (January 2017 to January 2018), in the prefectures of Kankan and Siguiri as a framework. Individuals who use chewing tobacco and whose oral examination revealed oral lesions were included in this study. Results: The frequency of oral lesions induced by the consumption of chewing tobacco was 90%. Dental pain was the most cited reason for using CT by respondents, i.e., 25.41%. The most concerned age group was that of 50 - 64 years or 23.81 with a male predominance of 84.13% (n = 53). A number of 61 respondents came from rural areas. Farmers were the predominant socio-professional group, i.e., 63.49% (n = 40). In 60.32% (n = 38) of respondents, the duration of CT consumption was greater than 10 years. Black villous tongues followed by neoplastic ulcerations were the most common oral lesions with 32 (50.79%) and 14 (22.22%) cases, respectively. The site of the lesion was the tongue in 47 consumers (74.61%) and in the lower vestibule in 15 users (23.80%). Among the oral diseases, mylolysis was the most common, i.e., 95.24% (n = 60). In 82.54% of cases (n = 52), Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (SOHI) was low and in 12.70% (n = 8) of respondents, SOHI was good. Conclusion: Chewing tobacco predisposes to a high risk of damage to the oral cavity and the development of potentially malignant lesions. In addition, it exerts some detrimental effects on the teeth and adjacent structures.

关键词： Chewing Tobacco Oral Lesions Socio-demographic Clinical Guinea

Role of Nrf2 in chronic liver disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第36期20卷 13079-13087页

作者： Wei Tang Yong-Fang Jiang Murugavel Ponnusamy mamadou diallo Liver Diseases Research Center The Second Xiangya Hospital Central South University Department of Medicine Rhode Island Hospital and Alpert Medical School of Brown University Providence RI 02903 United States Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases Harvard School of Public Health Harvard UniversityBoston MA 02115-6018 United States

Nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2) is a central regulator of antioxidative response elements-mediated gene expression. It has a significant role in adaptive responses to oxidative stress by interacting with the antioxidant response element, which induces the expression of a variety of downstream targets aimed at cytoprotection. Previous studies suggested oxidative stress and associated damage could represent a common link between different forms of diseases. Oxidative stress has been implicated in various liver diseases, including viral hepatitis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease/steatohepatitis, alcoholic liver disease and drug-induced liver injury. Nrf2 activation is initiated by oxidative or electrophilic stress, and aids in the detoxification and elimination of potentially harmful exogenous chemicals and their metabolites. The expression of Nrf2 has been observed throughout human tissue, with high expression in detoxification organs, especially the liver. Thus, Nrf2 may serve as a major regulator of several cellular defense associated pathways by which hepatic cells combat oxidative stress. We review the relevant literature concerning the crucial role of Nrf2 and its signaling pathways against oxidative stress to protect hepatic cell from oxidative damage during development of common chronic liver diseases. We also review the use of Nrf2 as a therapeutic target to prevent and treat liver diseases.

关键词： Nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2 Chronic liver disease Oxidative stress Reactive oxygen species Hepatic injury Hepatic protection