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Developing occupant archetypes within urban low-income housing: A case study in Mumbai, India

Building Simulation 2022年第9期15卷 1661-1683页

作者： Jeetika malik Ronita Bardhan Tianzhen Hong Mary Ann Piette Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 1 Cyclotron RoadBerkeleyCA 94720USA Centre for Urban Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology BombayMumbai-400076India Department of Architecture University of CambridgeCB2 IPXUK

Rapid urbanization pressure and poverty have created a push for affordable housing within the global *** design of affordable housing can have consequences on the thermal(dis)comfort and behaviour of the occupants,hence requiring an occupant-centric approach to ensure *** paper investigates occupant behaviour within the urban poor households of Mumbai,India and its impact on their thermal comfort and energy *** study is a first-of-its-kind attempt to explore the socio-demographic characteristics and energy-related behaviour of low-income occupants within Indian *** occupant archetypes,Indifferent Consumers;Considerate Savers;and Conscious Conventionals,were identified from the behavioural and psychographic characteristics gathered through a transverse field survey.A two-step clustering approach was adopted for occupant segmentation that highlighted considerable diversity in occupants’adaptation measures,energy knowledge,energy habits,and their pro-environmental behaviour within similar socio-economic *** energy simulation of the representative archetype behaviour estimated up to 37%variations for air-conditioned and up to 8%variation for fan-assisted naturally ventilated housing units during peak summer *** results from this study establish the significance of occupant factors in shaping energy demand and thermal comfort within low-income housing and pave way for developing occupant-centric building design strategies to serve this marginalized *** developed low-income occupant archetypes would be useful for architects and energy modelers to generate realistic energy use profiles and improve building performance simulation results.

关键词： occupant archetype behaviour energy use thermal comfort low-income housing

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Biosynthesized metallic nanoparticles as fertilizers:An emerging precision agriculture strategy

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2022年第5期21卷 1225-1242页

作者： Busiswa NDABA Ashira ROOPNARAIN Haripriya RAMA malik MAAZA Microbiology and Environmental Biotechnology Research Group Agricultural Research Council-Natural Resources and EngineeringPretoria 0001South Africa Department of Physics College of ScienceEngineering and TechnologyUniversity of South AfricaJohannesburg 1709South Africa Nanosciences African Network Materials Research DepartmentiThemba LABS-National Research FoundationCape Town 7131South Africa

Nanofertilizers increase efficiency and sustainability of agricultural crop *** to their nanosize properties,they have been shown to increase productivity through target delivery or slow release of nutrients,thereby limiting the rate of fertilizer application *** can be synthesized via different approaches ranging from physical and chemical to green(biological)*** green approach is preferable because it makes use of less chemicals,thereby producing less chemical contamination and it is safer in comparison to physicochemical ***,discussion on the use of green synthesized nanoparticles as nanofertilizers is pertinent for a sustainable approach in *** review discusses recent developments and applications of biologically synthesized metallic nanoparticles that can also be used as nanofertilizers,as well as their uptake mechanisms for plant *** concerns of nanoparticle applications in agriculture are also discussed.

关键词： biosynthesis metallic nanoparticles nanofertilizers precision agriculture food security

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Fragility and challenges of health systems in pandemic: lessons from India's second wave of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)

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Global Health Journal 2022年第1期6卷 44-49页

作者： Manzoor Ahmad malik Department of Humanities and Social Sciences Indian Institute of Technology RoorkeeRoorkeeHaridwar 247667India

The unprecedented healthcare demand due to sudden outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has almost collapsed the health care systems especially in the developing world. Given the disastrous outbreak of COVID-19 second wave in India, the health system of country was virtually at the brink of collapse. Therefore, to identify the factors that resulted into breakdown and the challenges, Indian healthcare system faced during the second wave of COVID-19 pandemic, this paper analysed the health system challenges in India and the way forward in accordance with the six building blocks of world health organization (WHO). Applying integrated review approach, we found that the factors such as poor infrastructure, inadequate financing, lack of transparency and poor healthcare management resulted into the overstretching of healthcare system in India. Although health system in India faced these challenges from the very beginning, but early lessons from first wave should have been capitalized to avert the much deeper crisis in the second wave of the pandemic. To sum-up given the likely future challenges of pandemic, while healthcare should be prioritized with adequate financing, strong capacity-building measures and integration of public and private sectors in India. Likewise fiscal stimulus, risk assessment, data availability and building of human resources chain are other key factors to be strengthened for mitigating the future healthcare crisis in country.

关键词： Healthcare Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)Pandemics Health financing Health crisis Second wave Third wave India

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A Low-Power 12-Bit SAR ADC for Analog Convolutional Kernel of Mixed-Signal CNN Accelerator

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第5期75卷 4357-4375页

作者： Jungyeon Lee malik Summair Asghar HyungWon Kim Department of Electronics College of Electrical and Computer EngineeringChungbuk National UniversityCheongju28644Korea Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering COMSATS University IslamabadAbbottabad CampusUniversity RoadTobe CampAbbottabad22044Pakistan

As deep learning techniques such as Convolutional Neural Networks(CNNs)are widely adopted,the complexity of CNNs is rapidly increasing due to the growing demand for CNN accelerator system-on-chip(SoC).Although conventional CNN accelerators can reduce the computational time of learning and inference tasks,they tend to occupy large chip areas due to many multiply-and-accumulate(MAC)operators when implemented in complex digital circuits,incurring excessive power *** overcome these drawbacks,this work implements an analog convolutional filter consisting of an analog multiply-and-accumulate arithmetic circuit along with an analog-to-digital converter(ADC).This paper introduces the architecture of an analog convolutional kernel comprised of low-power ultra-small circuits for neural network accelerator *** is an essential component of the analog convolutional kernel used to convert the analog convolutional result to digital values to be stored in *** work presents the implementation of a highly low-power and area-efficient 12-bit Successive Approximation Register(SAR)*** most other SAR-ADCs with differential structure;the proposed ADC employs a single-ended capacitor array to support the preceding single-ended max-pooling circuit along with minimal power *** SARADCimplementation also introduces a unique circuit that reduces kick-back noise to increase *** was implemented in a test chip using a 55 nm CMOS *** demonstrates that the proposed ADC reduces Kick-back noise by 40%and consequently improves the ADC’s resolution by about 10%while providing a near rail-to-rail dynamic rangewith significantly lower power consumption than conventional *** ADC test chip shows a chip size of 4600μm^(2)with a power consumption of 6.6μW while providing an signal-to-noise-and-distortion ratio(SNDR)of 68.45 dB,corresponding to an effective number of bits(ENOB)of 11.07 bits.

关键词： Convolution neural networks split-capacitor-based digital-toanalog converter(DAC) SAR analog-to-digital converter artificial intelligence system-on-chip analog convolutional kernel

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Traversable wormhole solutions in the f(R)theories of gravity under the Karmarkar condition

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Chinese Physics C 2022年第9期46卷 276-286页

作者： Adnan malik Fatemah Mofarreh Aqsa Zia Akram Ali Department of Mathematics University of Management and TechnologySialkot CampusPakistan Mathematical Science Department Faculty of Science Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University.Riyadh 11546 Saudi Arabia Department of Mathematics College of ScienceKing Khalid University9004 AbhaSaudi Arabia

This paper examines traversable wormhole models in the f(R) theories of gravity by applying the Karmarkar condition. For this purpose, we consider spherically symmetric space-time to examine the structure of wormholes. First, we investigate wormholes and their geometry using the redshift function under various conditions. Subsequently, we discuss the embedding diagram of the upper and lower universe using radial coordinates in two and three-dimensional Euclidean affine space. Three exclusive models are considered for the f(R) theories of gravity,and the radial and tangential pressures are observed. Furthermore, by taking a definite shape function, we observe the behavior of energy conditions. We determine that energy conditions are violated, and their violation is generic and represents the presence of exotic matter. According to Einstein’s field theory, the existence of wormholes is predicated on the occurrence of rare material. Hence, we conclude that our study is more realistic and stable.

关键词： wormhole geometry Karmarkar condition red shift function energy conditions

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Helicobacter pylori outer membrane protein Q genotypes and their susceptibility to antiadhesive phytotherapeutic agents

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2017年第5期15卷 398-406页

作者： javed Yakoob Zaigham Abbas malik Hassan Mehmood Kanwal Tariq Saima Azhar Saleem Safia Awan Abdul malik Saeed Hamid Rustam Khan Wasim Jafri Department of Medicine Aga Khan UniversityKarachi 74800Pakistan Department of Biological Biomedical Sciences Aga Khan UniversityKarachi 74800Pakistan

OBJECTIVE： Helicobacter pylori is a Gram-negative organism. Its outer membrane protein Q（Hop Q） mediates host-pathogen interactions; Hop Q genotypes 1 and 2 are found associating with gastroduodenal pathologies. The authors measured the anti-adhesion effects of the extracts of Abelmoschus esculentus, Zingiber officinale, Trachyspermum ammi, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Curcuma longa and Capsicum annum against Hop Q genotypes and H. pylori cytotoxin-associated gene A（Cag A）.METHODS： DNA was extracted by polymerase chain reaction of the Hop Q genotypes（i.e., type 1, type 2 and Cag A） from 115 H. pylori strains. The effect of the extracts from selected dietary ingredients was determined using a gastric adenocarcinoma cell line and a quantitative DNA fragmentation assay. The anti-adhesive effect of these extracts on H. pylori was tested using an anti-adhesion ***： C. annum, C. longa and A. esculentus showed prominent anti-adhesion effects with resultant values of 17.3% ± 2.9%, 14.6% ± 3.7%, 13.8% ± 3.6%, respectively, against Hop Q type 1 and 13.1% ± 1.7%, 12.1% ± 2%, 11.1% ± 1.6%, respectively, against Hop Q type 2. C. longa（93%）, C. annum（89%） and A. esculentus（75%） had better anti-adhesive activity against H. pylori with Hop Q type 1 compared to Hop Q type 2 with respective values of 70%, 64% and 51%. Extracts of C. annum（14.7% ± 4.1%）, A. esculentus（12.3% ± 4.1%） and Z. officinale（8.4% ± 2.8%） had an anti-adhesion effect against Cag A-positive H. pylori strains compared to Cag A-negative strains.

关键词： outer membrane protein Q Helicobacter pylori anti-adhesion Abelmoschus esculentus Capsicum annum Curcuma Ionga

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Hybrid XGBoost model with hyperparameter tuning for prediction of liver disease with better accuracy

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第46期28卷 6551-6563页

作者： Surjeet Dalal Edeh Michael Onyema Amit malik Department of CSE Amity UniversityGurugram 122413HaryanaIndia Department of Mathematics and Computer Science Coal City UniversityEnugu 400102Nigeria Department of CSE SRM UniversityDelhi-NCRSonipat 131001HaryanaIndia

BACKGROUND Liver disease indicates any pathology that can harm or destroy the liver or prevent it from normal *** global community has recently witnessed an increase in the mortality rate due to liver *** could be attributed to many factors,among which are human habits,awareness issues,poor healthcare,and late *** curb the growing threats from liver disease,early detection is critical to help reduce the risks and improve treatment *** technologies such as machine learning,as shown in this study,could be deployed to assist in enhancing its prediction and *** To present a more efficient system for timely prediction of liver disease using a hybrid eXtreme Gradient Boosting model with hyperparameter tuning with a view to assist in early detection,diagnosis,and reduction of risks and mortality associated with the *** The dataset used in this study consisted of 416 people with liver problems and 167 with no such *** data were collected from the state of Andhra Pradesh,India,through https://***/datasets/uciml/*** population was divided into two sets depending on the disease state of the *** binary information was recorded in the attribute"is_patient".RESULTS The results indicated that the chi-square automated interaction detection and classification and regression trees models achieved an accuracy level of 71.36%and 73.24%,respectively,which was much better than the conventional *** proposed solution would assist patients and physicians in tackling the problem of liver disease and ensuring that cases are detected early to prevent it from developing into cirrhosis(scarring)and to enhance the survival of *** study showed the potential of machine learning in health care,especially as it concerns disease prediction and *** This study contributed to the knowledge of machine learning application to health and to the efforts to

关键词： Liver infection Machine learning Chi-square automated interaction detection Classification and regression trees Decision tree XGBoost Hyperparameter tuning

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Accurate Location Estimation of Smart Dusts Using Machine Learning

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第6期71卷 6165-6181页

作者： Shariq Bashir Owais Ahmed malik Daphne Teck Ching Lai Institute of Applied Data Analytics(IADA) Universiti Brunei Darussalam(UBD)GadongBE1410Brunei Darussalam School of Digital Sciences(SDS) Universiti Brunei Darussalam(UBD)GadongBE1410Brunei Darussalam

Traditional wireless sensor networks(WSNs)are not suitable for rough terrains that are difficult or impossible to access by *** dust is a technology that works with the combination of many tiny sensors which is highly useful for obtaining remote sensing information from rough *** tiny sensors are sprinkled in large numbers on rough terrains using airborne distribution through drones or aircraftwithout manually setting their *** it is clear that a number of remote sensing applications can benefit from this technology,but the small size of smart dust fundamentally restricts the integration of advanced hardware on tiny *** raises many challenges including how to estimate the location of events sensed by the smart *** solutions on estimating the location of events sensed by the smart dusts are not suitable for monitoring rough terrains as these solutions depend on relay sensors and laser patterns which have their own limitations in terms of power constraint and uneven *** study proposes a novel machine learning based localization algorithm for estimating the location of *** approach utilizes timestamps(time of arrival)of sensed events received at base stations by assembling them into a multidimensional vector and input to a machine learning classifier for estimating the *** to the unavailability of real smart dusts,we built a simulator for analysing the accuracy of the proposed approach formonitoring forest *** experiments on the simulator show reasonable accuracy of the approach.

关键词： Smart dust sensor localization remote sensing machine learning algorithms Internet of Things sensor applications

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New solitary wave and other exact solutions of the van der Waals normal form for granular materials

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Journal of Ocean Engineering and Science 2022年第2期7卷 170-177页

作者： Asim Zafar Tahir Mushtaq Aslam malik Ahmet Bekir Department of Mathematics COMSATS University IslamabadVehari CampusPakistan Department of Mathematics University of the PunjabLahorePakistan Neighbourhood of Akcaglan Imarli StreetNumber:28/426030EskisehirTurkey

The investigation of exact solitary wave solutions to the nonlinear partial differential equation plays an important role to understand any physical phenomena in diverse applied *** current work is re-lated to the most prominent nonlinear model named as the van der Waals normal form that appeared naturally and also industrially for the granular *** oceanography,the sea ice,sand and snow are some examples of aforesaid matter among *** employ two novel integration approaches named as the simplest equation method and the exp a function method to explore the above mentioned van der Waals *** a backlash,many new solitary waves and other exact solutions are *** ob-tained results depict that the used approaches are simple and effective to deal with nonlinear ***,the numerical simulation of some solutions via two and three dimension graphical configurations are presented for certainty and exactness.

关键词： Van der Waals equation Novel integration schemes Solitary wave solutions

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A Restricted SIR Model with Vaccination Effect for the Epidemic Outbreaks Concerning COVID-19

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2023年第12期137卷 2409-2425页

作者： Ibtehal Alazman Kholoud Saad Albalawi Pranay Goswami Kuldeep malik Department of Mathematics and Statistics College of ScienceImam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic UniversityRiyadh11566Saudi Arabia School of Liberal Studies Dr.B.R.Ambedkar University DelhiDelhi110006India

This paper presents a restricted SIRmathematicalmodel to analyze the evolution of a contagious infectious disease outbreak(COVID-19)using available *** new model focuses on two main concepts:first,it can present multiple waves of the disease,and second,it analyzes how far an infection can be eradicated with the help of *** stability analysis of the equilibrium points for the suggested model is initially investigated by identifying the matching equilibrium points and examining their *** basic reproduction number is calculated,and the positivity of the solutions is *** simulations are performed to determine if it is multipeak and evaluate vaccination’s *** addition,the proposed model is compared to the literature already published and the effectiveness of vaccination has been recorded.

关键词： Restricted SIR model equilibrium points and stability numerical simulation

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