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An Integrated Approach to Crop Genetic Improvement

Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2012年第4期54卷 250-259页

作者： Martin A.J.Parry malcolm J.Hawkesford Rothamsted Research Plant Science Department

The balance between the supply and demand of the major food crops is fragile, fueling concerns for long-term global food security. The rising population, increasing wealth and a proliferation of non- food uses （e.g. bioenergy） has led to growing demands on agricul- ture, while increased production is limited by greater urbanization, and the degradation of land. Furthermore, global climate change with increasing temperatures and lower, more erratic rainfall is projected to decrease agricultural yields. There is a predicted need to increase food production by at least 70% by 2050 and there- fore an urgent need to develop novel and integrated approaches, incorporating high-throughput phenotyping that will both increaseproduction per unit area and simultaneously improve the resource use efficiency of crops. Yield potential, yield stability, nutrient and water use are all complex multigenic traits and while there is genetic variability, their complexity makes such traits difficult to breed for directly. Nevertheless molecular plant breeding has the potential to deliver substantial improvements, once the component traits and the genes underlying these traits have been identified. In addition, interactions between the individual traits must also be taken into account, a demand that is difficult to fulfill with traditional screening approaches. Identified traits will be incorporated into new cultivars using conventional or biotechnological tools. In order to better understand the relationship between genotype, component traits, and environment over time, a multidisciplinary approach must be adopted to both understand the underlying processes and identify candidate genes, QTLs and traits that can be used to develop improved crops.

关键词： Germpiasm variation nitrogen TILLING transformation trait water wheat yield.

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Drug calculation ability of qualified paramedics:A pilot study

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2018年第1期9卷 41-45页

作者： malcolm J.Boyle Kathryn Eastwood School of Medicine Griffith University School of Nursing and Midwifery Monash University

BACKGROUND: The inability of paramedics to perform accurate calculations may result in a compromise of patient safety which may result from under or over dosing of drugs, incorrect joules for defibrillation, or a major adverse event such as death. The objective of this study was to identify the drug calculation and mathematical ability of qualified operational ***: The study used a cross-sectional design with a paper-based calculation questionnaire. Twenty paramedics enrolled in an intensive care paramedic course were eligible to participate in the study. The questionnaire consisted of demographic, drug calculation(seven questions), and mathematical(five) questions. Students were given no notice of the impending study and use of a calculator was not ***: All eligible students participated in the study. The average time employed as a paramedic was 7.25 years, SD 2.5 years, range four years to twelve years. Four(20%) students got all 12 questions correct, and five(41.6%) got 50% or less. The average score was 8.6(71.7%) correct, SD 2.8 correct, range 3 to 12 correct questions. There were eight(40%) conceptual errors, 12(60%) arithmetical errors, and five(25%) computational ***: The results from this study supports similar international studies where paramedic's ability to undertake mathematical and drug calculations without a calculator varies, with some results highlighting the paramedics mathematical skills as a potential risk to patient safety. These results highlight the need for regular continuing mathematical and drug calculation practice and education to ensure a lower error rate.

关键词： Emergency medical technician Education Medication errors Safety management

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Simulation of catalytic upgrading in CAPRI,an add-on process to novel in-situ combustion,THAI

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Petroleum Research 2022年第3期7卷 297-307页

作者： Muhammad Rabiu Ado malcolm Greaves Sean PRigby Department of Chemical Engineering College of EngineeringKing Faisal UniversityP.o.Box:380Al-Ahsa31982Saudi Arabia Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering University of NottinghamUniversity ParkNottinghamNG72RDUK Department of Chemical Engineering University of BathClaverton DownBathBA27AYUK

Based on the analysis of recent projections by the International Energy Agency(IEA),to meet the growing and subsequently declining demands of oil from now to 2040,we need up to around 770 billion barrels of *** the worldwide total proved reserves of easy-and-cheaper-to-produce conventional oils is roughly only 520.2 billion barrels,the remaining 249.8 billion barrels must be obtained from unconventional petroleum resources(*** oils and bitumen).These resources are however very difficult and costly to upgrade and produce due to their inherently high asphaltene contents which are reflected in their very high viscosities and large ***,still they should prove attractive development prospects if,as much as practicably possible,their upgrading can be performed in conjunction with in situ or downhole catalytic upgrading *** projects will contribute significantly towards smoother and greener transition to full *** technologies,such as the toe-to-heel air injection coupled to its add-on in situ catalytic process(***-CAPRI processes),have the potential to develop these reserves,but require further developmental understanding to realise their full *** this work,a new detailed procedure for numerically simulating the THAI-CAPRI processes is *** numerical model is made-up of Athabasca-type bitumen and it has a horizontal producer(HP)well that is surrounded by an annular layer of alumina-supported cobalt-oxide-molybdenum-oxide(CoMo/γ-Al2O3)*** simulation is performed using the computer modelling group(CMG)reservoir simulator,*** new work has shown that the choice of the frequency factor of the catalytic reactions allowed model validation based on the degree of catalytic upgrading in form of API ***,the work herein identifies the important parameters,such as API gravity,peak temperature,oil production rate,cumulative oil production,produced oxygen concentration,temperatur

关键词： Toe-to-heel air injection(THAI) Enhanced oil recovery(EOR) In situ combustion(ISC) Reservoir simulation Heavy oil/tar sand/bitumen In situ catalytic upgrading process(CAPRI)

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Synthesis of Calcium Hexaluminate from Waste Slag of Aluminum and Oyster Shell

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Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry 2016年第1期35卷 157-165页

作者：庄国鑫何亚军 malcolm Clark 于岩 Key Laboratory of Eco-materials Advanced Technology(Fuzhou University) Fujian Province University College of Materials Science and Engineering Fuzhou UniversityNew Campus Marine Ecology Research Centre School of EnvironmentScience and EngineeringSouthern Cross University

Waste aluminum slag and oyster shell were used as raw materials to synthesize calcium hexaluminate（CA6）. The effects of different source materials of CaO and sintering temperature on the structures and properties of CA6 were investigated,respectively. The results show that compared to calcium oxide,oyster shell can lower the formation temperature of CA6,hence CA6 can be detected at 1300 ℃ by using oyster shell as the starting raw materials. Increasing the sintering temperature can promote the crystal growth. CA6 crystals show typical platelet shape,and its optimum sintering temperature falls in the 1450～1550 ℃ region. The bulk density is 1.54～1.83 g/cm^3,the apparent porosity is 44.1～55.2% and the flexural strength is 10.8～25.3 MPa.

关键词： waste aluminum slag calcium hexaluminate oyster shell powder

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On the Nature of the P-Wave Velocity Gradient in the Inner Core beneath Central America

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Journal of Earth Science 2013年第5期24卷 699-705页

作者： Hrvoje Tkali Thomas Bodin Mallory Young malcolm Sambridge Research School of Earth Sciences the Australian National University Berkeley Seismological Laboratory University of California at Berkeley

We conduct an experiment to investigate whether linearity in the observed velocity gradient in the volume of the inner core sampled by the PKP ray paths beneath Central America is a robust approximation. Instead of solving an optimization problem, we approach it within the Bayesian inference. This is an ensemble approach, where model specification is relaxed so that in- stead of only one solution, groups of reasonable models are acceptable. Furthermore, in transdimen- sional Bayesian inference used here, the number of basis functions needed to model observations is by itself an unknown. Our modeling reveals that in the ensemble of models, the most likely are those containing only 2 nodes （linear trend）. Thus our result justifies the assumption used for the deter- mination of inner core rotation with respect to the rest of the mantle that the observed gradient is constant in its nature （linear）. Recent observations in seismology suggest that it is likely that the spa- tial variability in elastic parameters is a widespread phenomenon in the inner core. Future array observations will further constrain spatial extent and magnitude of velocity changes and show whether there is a significant difference between these observations in the two quasi-hemispheres of the inner core.

关键词： solid earth physics deep geophysics.

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CO_(2)-capture research and Clean Energy Technologies Research Institute(CETRI)of University of Regina,Canada:history,current status and future development

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Clean Energy 2022年第1期6卷 119-126页

作者： Paitoon(PT)Tontiwachwuthikul malcolm Wilson Raphael Idem Clean Energy Technologies Research Institute University of ReginaReginaSaskatchewanCanada

Clean Energy Technologies Research Institute(CETRI)was formerly known as the International Test Centre for CO_(2)Capture in the early *** original focus of the centre was to help lower the carbon intensity of the current energy sources to low-carbon ones in ***,CETRI’s mandates have expanded and now include most of the low-carbon and near-carbon-free clean-energy research *** of research focus include carbon(CO_(2))capture,utilization and storage(CCUS),near-zero-emission hydrogen(H_(2))technologies,and waste-to-renewable fuels and *** also brings together one of the most dynamic teams of researchers,industry leaders,innovators and educators in the clean and low-carbon energy fields.

关键词： Canada Clean carbon

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Statistical analysis of recombination properties of the boronoxygen defect in p-type Czochralski silicon

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Frontiers in Energy 2017年第1期11卷 4-22页

作者： Nitin NAMPALLI Tsun Hang FUNG Stuart WENHAM Brett HALLAM malcolm ABBOTT School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering Universityof New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia

This paper presents the application of lifetime spectroscopy to the study of carrier-induced degradation ascribed to the boron-oxygen （BO） defect. Specifically, a large data set of p-type silicon samples is used to investigate two important aspects of carrier lifetime analysis： ① the methods used to extract the recombination lifetime associated with the defect and ② the underlying assumption that cartier injection does not affect lifetime components unrelated to the defect. The results demonstrate that the capture cross section ratio associated with the donor level of the BO defect （kl） vary widely depending on the specific method used to extract the defect-specific recombination lifetime. For the data set studied here, it was also found that illumination used to form the defect caused minor, but statistically significant changes in the surface passivation used. This violation of the fundamental assumption could be accounted for by applying appropriate curve fitting methods, resulting in an improved estimate of k1 （11.90±0.45） for the fully formed BO defect when modeled using the donor level alone. Illumination also appeared to cause a minor, apparently injectionindependent change in lifetime that could not be attributed to the donor level of the BO defect alone and is likely related to the acceptor level of the BO defect. While specific to the BO defect, this study has implications for the use of lifetime spectroscopy to study other carrier induced defects. Finally, we demonstrate the use of a unit-less regression goodness-of-fit metric for lifetime data that is easy to interpret and accounts for repeatability error.

关键词： Czochralski silicon boron-oxygen defect,injection dependent lifetime spectroscopy goodness-of-fit,repeatability error

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A description logic based approach to formalizing the information bearing capability of paths in ER schemata

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International Journal of Intelligent Computing and Cybernetics 2015年第3期8卷 279-291页

作者： Kaibo Xu Junkang Feng malcolm Crowe Lin Liu Business College Beijing Union UniversityBeijingChina School of Computing University of the West of ScotlandPaisleyUK

Purpose–The purpose of this paper is to show how description logics(DLs)can be applied to formalizing the information bearing capability(IBC)of paths in entity-relationship(ER)***/methodology/approach–The approach follows and extends the idea presented in Xu and Feng(2004),which applies DLs to classifying paths in an ER *** verify whether the information content of a data construct(e.g.a path)covers a semantic relation(which formulates a piece of information requirement),the principle of IBC under the source-bearer-receiver framework is *** is observed that the IBC principle can be formalized by constructing DL expressions and examining constructors(***).Findings–Description logic can be used as a tool to describe the meanings represented by paths in an ER schema and formalize their *** criteria for identifying data construct distinguishability are also discovered by examining quantifiers in DL expressions of paths of an ER ***/value–This paper focuses on classifying paths in data schemas and verifying their formalized IBC by using DLs and the IBC *** is a new point of view for evaluation of data representation,which looks at the information borne by data but not data dependencies.

关键词： Information retrieval Semantic web Classification of paths Information-bearing capability Description logics ER schema

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Saturation in wavelength-division multiplexing free-space optical communication systems

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Frontiers of Optoelectronics 2019年第2期12卷 197-207页

作者： Jeremiah O. BANDELE malcolm WOOLFSON Andrew J. PHILLIPS Department of Electrical Electronics and Computer Engineering College of EngineeringAfe Babalola UniversityAdo-EkitiEkiti StateP.M.B 5454Nigeria Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Faculty of EngineeringUniversity of Nottingham University ParkNottinghamNG7 2RDUK

The performance of a wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) free-space optical (FSO) commu-nication system in a turbulent atmosphere employing optical amplifiers to improve capacity is investigated, in the presence of amplified spontaneous emission noise, scintillation, beam spreading, atmospheric attenuation and interchannel crosstalk. Using on-off keying modulation, Monte Carlo simulation techniques are used to obtain the average bit error rate and system capability due to scintillation and the effect of introducing a power control algorithm (PCA) to the system is investigated. The PCA ensures that at any receiving instant, the same turbulence- free powers are received by all the receiving lenses. The performance of various WDM FSO communication system configurations such as non-amplified systems with an adaptive decision threshold (NOAADT), non- amplified systems with a non-adaptive decision threshold, fixed gain amplified systems with an adaptive decision threshold, fixed gain amplified systems with a non- adaptive decision threshold and saturated gain amplified systems with a non-adaptive decision threshold (SOA- NADT) are investigated. Results obtained show that the SOANADT is superior to the NOAADT and the PCA is only beneficial in amplified systems.

关键词： wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) free-space optical (FSO) communication crosstalk optical amplifier (OA) gain saturation decision threshold

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POCl3 diffusion for industrial Si solar cell emitter formation

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Frontiers in Energy 2017年第1期11卷 42-51页

作者： Hongzhao LI Kyung KIM Brett HALLAM Bram HOEX Stuart WENHAM malcolm ABBOTT School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering UNSW Australia Sydney NSW 2052 Australia

POCl3 diffusion is currently the de facto standard method for industrial n-type emitter fabrication. In this study, we present the impact of the following processing parameters on emitter formation and electrical performance： deposition gas flow ratio, drive-in tempera- ture and duration, drive-in O2 flow rate, and thermal oxidation temperature. By showing their influence on the emitter doping profile and recombination activity, we provide an overall strategy for improving industrial POCl3 tube diffused emitters.

关键词： POCl3 diffusion emitter recombination oxidation silicon

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