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Multi-polarized Radarsat-2 satellite sensor in assessing forest vigor from above ground biomass

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Journal of Forestry Research 2018年第4期29卷 1127-1133页

作者： Suman Sinha Abhisek Santra Laxmikant Sharma C.Jeganathan mahendra Singh Nathawat Anup kumar Das Shiv Mohan Department of Civil Engineering Haldia Institute of Technology Department of Environmental Science Central University of Rajasthan NH 8 Department of Remote Sensing Birla Institute of Technology School of Sciences Indira Gandhi National Open University(IGNOU) Department of Space Space Application Centre(ISRO)Government of India PLANEX Physical Research LaboratoryThaltej Campus

Accurate estimates of forest biomass are increasingly important in relation to sequestration of carbon by forest trees. Satellite remote sensing is a useful tool for biomass estimation and monitoring of forest ecological processes. Microwave synthetic aperture radar （SAR） can increase the accuracy of estimations of forest biomass in comparison to optical remote sensing, due to the unique capacities of SAR, including high penetrability, volumetric scattering, interaction with surface roughness, and dielectric property. We studied the potential of multi-polarized C-band Radarsat-2, a SAR technology, with HH, HV and VV polarization for estimating biomass of moist tropical Indian forest. Backscatter values are correlated with fieldbased biomass values and axe regressed to generate models for estimating biomass. HH polarization provided maximum information regarding tree biomass. A coefficient of determination of 0.49 was calculated for HH polarized C-band image with in situ measurements. An exponential model was proved to be best suited for estimating forest biomass. Correlation of 0.62 and RMSE of 24.6 t ha-1 were calculated for the relationship between estimated and predicted biomass values for the best fit model. The aver- age absolute accuracy of the model was 61%, while Willmott＇s index of agreement was 0.87. Results suggest that most of the biomass of the area ranged within 70 t ha-1 a probably due to the saturation of C-band around 60-70 t ha-1 for tropical forests.

关键词： SAR Radarsat-2 Polarization BiomassREDD

Nay or Jain Nyay 1： Existence Inferred from Affirmed Assertions

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Journal of Philosophy Study 2016年第2期6卷 55-68页

作者： mahendra kumar Jain University of Delaware

The Jain logic （Nay） addresses concerns elicited by sense experience of observable and measurable reality. Reality is what it is, and it exists independent of the observer. The last Jain Tirthankar Mahaveer suggested that organisms interact with such realities for survival needs and become concerned about the consequences. He suggested a code of conduct for reality-based behaviors to address concerns. Perceptions and impressions provide measures （praman） of information in sense experience, and with other evidence guide choices and decisions to act and bear consequences. Ethical behaviors rooted in reality have desirable consequences, and inconsistent and contradictory behaviors are undesirable consequences. Omniscience （God, Brahm） is discarded as a self-referential ad hoc construct inconsistent and contradictory to real world behaviors. This article is survey of assumptions and models to represent, interpret, and validate knowledge that begins with logical deduction for inference （anuman） based on evidence from sense experience （Jain 2011）. Secular and atheistic thrust of thought and practice encourages reasoning and open-ended search with affirmed assertions and independent evidence. Individual identity （atm） emerges with consistent behaviors to overcome fallibility and unreliability by minimizing doubt （Syad-Saptbhangi Nay）. The first Tirthankar Rishabh Nath （ca. 2700 BC） suggested that the content （sat） of real and abstract objects and concerns during a change is conserved as the net balance of the inputs and outputs （Tatia 1994）. Identity and content of assertions and evidence is also conserved during logical manipulations for reasoning. Each assertion and its negation are to be affirmed with independent evidence, and lack of evidence for presence is not necessarily the evidence for either non-absence or non-existence.

关键词： Saptbhangi Syad Nay Jain logic evidence-based inference quantum logic

ER<i>β</i>interacting protein ERAP 140 shows age dependent alteration in its interaction and expression in male mouse brain

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World Journal of Neuroscience 2013年第1期3卷 1-9页

作者： Vijay Paramanik mahendra kumar Thakur Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory Centre of Advanced Study Department of Zoology Banaras Hindu University Varanasi India

Estrogen mediates multiple functions in the brain through the interaction of estrogen receptor (ER)α and ERβ with a host of nuclear proteins that regulate specific gene transcription. We have identified ERAP 140, AIB 1, Trk A, Src, pCREB and CREB as ERβ interacting proteins in the mouse brain. Earlier we showed that the interaction of ERβ with ERAP 140 decreased whereas its expression increased with aging in the brain of female mice. Here we report that the pattern of interaction and expression is different in male mice as compared to females. The interaction of ERAP 140 with ERβ decreased in adult male mouse brain as compared to young and remained almost similar in old whereas its expression was higher in adult than young and old, which were almost similar. Further in silico secondary structure analysis by self-optimized prediction method alignment (SOPMA) and PSIPRED revealed that ERβ interacting proteins were rich in alpha helices and coils. Such findings might help to design ER modulators which can regulate specific functions of estrogen in the brain during aging and degenerative diseases.

关键词： Estrogen Receptor β Alpha Helices and Coils Interacting Proteins SOPMA PSIPRED Aging Brain

Demineralization of Gondwana coal with Pseudomonas mendocina strain B6-1： a case study of coal from Gopinathpur top and bottom seams of Mugma mine, Dhanbad, Jharkhand （India）

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International Journal of Coal Science & Technology 2016年第2期3卷 235-245页

作者： Prakash K. Singh Asha Lata Singh mahendra P. Singh A. S. Naik Dharmshila Singh Spardha Rai Aniruddha kumar Coal & Organic Petrology Lab Centre of Advanced Study inGeology Banaras Hindu University Varanasi 221005 India Bioremediation Lab Environmental Science Department ofBotany Banaras Hindu University Varanasi 221005 India

In the present investigation an attempt has been made to demineralize the Gondwana coal of Gopinathpur top and bottom seams of Mugma mine, Raniganj coalfield, Dhanbad with the help of Pseudomonas mendocina strain B6-1. The change in the amount of ash yield and decrease in the concentration of selected minor elements like Na, K, Mn and Ca and environmentally sensitive selected trace elements such as Cd, Pb, Se, Ni, Mn, and Zn have been studied as a function of time of bacterial treatment as well as with variation in the bacterial biomass. After 28 days of bacterial treatment there was variable amount of decrease observed in ash yield as well as in the concentration of minor and trace elements. The removal of the elements was further enhanced with the increase in the bacterial biomass from 10 to 25 mg/mL. Due to over exploitation of superior grade coals in the country, the remaining coal resources, available for current use, are inferior in grade and contain high level of impurities and there is ample scope of bio-beneficiation of these coals using bacterial biomass.

关键词： Pseudomonas mendocina Gondwana coal Minor and trace elements Demineralization

Nay or Jain Nyay 2： Logic of Atheism of Jain Dharm

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Journal of Philosophy Study 2016年第2期6卷 69-87页

作者： mahendra kumar Jain Agam Jain University of Delaware

Ethos and logos of the Jain thought and practice （world view） is based on reality perceived by senses. Atheistic roots of Jain Dharm have nourished growth, maintained viability and vitality, and kept it relevant for over the last five millennia. Unlike Judeo-Christian-Islam or Brahminical faith, it does not rely on omniscient supreme or god. Its atheistic and anti-theistic thrust is generally known, yet its followers do not call themselves Nastik （non-believers）. They emphasize action-consequence relations as guide for successful behaviors with ethical conduct. The basis of their arguments follows from the Jain logic （Saptbhangi Syad Nay） of evidence based inference with multiple orthogonal affirmed assertions （Jain 2011）. It conserves information by acknowledging the remaining doubt in an inference. It does not assume binary complementation to force closure for deduction with incomplete knowledge which leads to self-reference and loss of information. This approach offers a rational and practical alternative to conundrum of western atheism even though its arguments are logical and consistent with available evidence. It also obviates need to extract religious morality from social mores. Objective truth and knowledge of established generalizations is necessary but not sufficient for subjective searches to shape desires and for what the future ought to be.

关键词： Atheism Mahaveer (Mahavira) Jainism Jains Omniscience Nay Jain Nyay Nyaya Tirthankar Arhat Arihant conflict resolution nonviolence truthfulness Buddha (Buddh) nothingness (Shoonyata) limitations of binary logic logic of inference Saptbhangi Syad Nay

Nay or Nyay 3： Epistemic Utility of Shadow of Ignorance that Obscures Mental Images and Associated States

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Journal of Philosophy Study 2016年第2期6卷 88-95页

作者： mahendra kumar Jain Rafael Apitz-Castro University of Delaware Academia Nacional de Medicina

Survival of organisms requires response to sense inputs and feedback. An intuitive picture or mental image of reality from sense experience is apparently structured from orthogonal and independent sense inputs in association with past memories. Such images are not necessarily visual but may have such qualities. Play of mind with information in mental images processed by molecular actors is guided with rules of reality to assure non-contradictory outcome of actions for successful behaviors （Rogers and Jain 1993）. Such functions have evolved to find food before becoming food, and fight or flight when in doubt. Shadows of ignorance that obscure mental images and associated states also have epistemic utility. Their success depends on learning from trials and errors to compensate for incomplete information and uncertainties with consideration of what could go wrong. Outcomes are also influenced by games played on mind by illusions, mistakes, surprises, ignorance. Loss of time, energy, and opportunity associated with ignored or misinterpreted information threaten survival. Equivocation, cynicism, wild goose chase, and vicious circle of sterile ideas encourage contradictory or inconsistent interpretations that compromise outcomes. Throughout the human history, ignorance of horsemen of apocalypse has unleashed havocs, perpetuated wars, epidemics, wrongful medical treatments, and economic disasters. What used to be crisis of ignorance has now become crisis of unintended consequences of inventions and other forms of knowledge. Ignorance of experts and head of states as horsemen of darkness brings misery to countless innocents. In Nay formalism, knowledge （gyan） is what knows with certainty （either as true or false）. Identifying uncertainties introduces doubt （syad） in what one knows. For finding ones way around lack of relevant evidence （agyan）, wisdom lies in recognition of ignorance and identifies problem to seek solution. Note that these states for propositions are not nec

关键词： epistemic value mental images ignorance doubt certainty apocalypse misrepresentation misinterpretation

Genome Shuffling of <i>Pseudomonas</i>Sp. Ioca11 for Improving Degradation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

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Advances in Microbiology 2012年第1期2卷 26-30页

作者： Manoj kumar mahendra Pratap Singh Deepak kumar Tuli Biotechnology Department Indian Oil Corporation Ltd. Research and Development Centre Faridabad India

A Pseudomonas sp. strain IOCa11 exhibiting broad substrate profile for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) degradation was isolated by enrichment techniques from oil-contaminated soil. We applied genome shuffling of Pseudomonas sp. strain IOCa11 to achieve improved degradation of PAHs. The initial mutant population was generated by nitrosoguanidine treatment and population exhibiting improved phenotype was subjected to multiple round of protoplast fusion in order to allow recombination between genomes. Mutant, designated as SF-IOC11-16A, obtained after recursive protoplast fusion showed substantial improvement in ability to degrade PAHs in liquid media. It could degrade 98% DBT in 72 hours in comparison to 74% by the wild parent strain. Similar improvement in degradation of the naphthalene (NAP), phenanthrene (PHE), and benzo (α) pyrene (BAP) was also observed in shuffled strain. The shuffled strain was also able to grow at higher concentration of PAHs and degrade them efficiently. The results indicate that genome shuffling can successfully be used to improve the PAHs degradation capability of bacteria.

关键词： PAHs Biodegradation Genome Shuffling Mutagenesis

Lymphoma without Lymphadenopathy

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Chinese Medical Journal 2015年第23期128卷 3256-3257页

作者： Ashutosh Jain Nilesh kumar mahendra K Jangid Indrajeet Singh Gambhir Vijai Tilak Department of General Medicine Institute of Medical Sciences Banaras Hindu University Varanasi Uttar Pradesh India Department of General Medicine Division of Geriatrics Institute of Medical Sciences Banaras Hindu University Varanasi Uttar Pradesh India Department of Pathology Division of Hematology Institute of Medical Sciences Banaras Hindu University Varanasi Uttar Pradesh India

A seventy-five years old man was presented to our hospital with a complaint of gradually progressive heaviness in the left half of abdomen for past 10 months. History was negative for fever, weight loss, and night swe... 详细信息

关键词： Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Cyclin D1 Lymphadenopathy Mantle Cell Lymphoma

Thyroid Function and Depression in HIV-1 Infection

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World Journal of AIDS 2012年第4期2卷 279-285页

作者： Raymond L. Ownby Drenna Waldrop-Valverde Adarsh kumar mahendra kumar Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine Nova Southeastern University Fort Lauderdale USA Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Miller School of Medicine University of Miami Miami USA Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing Emory University Atlanta USA

Thyroid abnormalities have been reported in persons with HIV infection, although data have been inconsistent with respect to its frequency and association with specific medications. The purpose of this study was to explore thyroid system response to thyroid releasing hormone stimulation in persons with and without HIV infection and determine the extent to which their response was associated with depression. As part of a larger study of neuroendocrine response persons with HIV-1 infection, control and HIV-1 infected individuals were evaluated. Participants' response to TRH stimulation was evaluated via TSH, total T3, and T4 levels at baseline and 15, 30, 45, and 60 minutes after TRH stimulation. Participants with HIV infection had a more robust response to TRH stimulation as measured by higher levels of TSH, lower levels of T4 and modestly higher levels of T3. Depressed persons had a reduced TSH response to stimulation and lower levels of both T4 and T3, although the effect of depression on T4 was not statistically significant. These results suggest that TSH response to TRH-stimulation may be exaggerated in individuals with HIV infection but reduced in those with depression. They also suggest that the effects of depression and HIV infection may interact, and may provide a partial explanation for observed thyroid abnormalities in HIV-infected individuals. Results thus provide a partial explanation for findings on thyroid and depression in those affected by HIV infection.

关键词： Thyroid HIV Depression