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Inferring Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Drug Resistance and Transmission using Whole-genome Sequencing in a High TB-burden Setting in China

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2024年第2期37卷 157-169页

作者： FAN Yu Feng LIU Dong Xin CHEN Yi Wang OU Xi Chao mao qi zhi YANG Ting Ting WANG Xi Jiang HE Wen Cong ZHAO Bing LIU Zhen Jiang ABULIMITI Maiweilanjiang AIHEMUTI Maimaitiaili GAO qian ZHAO Yan Lin Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology(MOE/NHC/CAMS) School of Basic Medical SciencesShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai 200032China National Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing 102206China Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital Hangzhou 310005ZhejiangChina Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention Urumqi 830026XinjiangChina Tuberculosis Dispensary of Kashgar Prefecture Kashgar 844099XinjiangChina

Objective China is among the 30 countries with a high burden of tuberculosis(TB)worldwide,and TB remains a public health *** Prefecture in the southern Xinjiang Autonomous Region is considered as one of the highest TB burden regions in ***,molecular epidemiological studies of Kashgar are *** A population-based retrospective study was conducted using whole-genome sequencing(WGS)to determine the characteristics of drug resistance and the transmission *** A total of 1,668 isolates collected in 2020 were classified into lineages 2(46.0%),3(27.5%),and 4(26.5%).The drug resistance rates revealed by WGS showed that the top three drugs in terms of the resistance rate were isoniazid(7.4%,124/1,668),streptomycin(6.0%,100/1,668),and rifampicin(3.3%,55/1,668).The rate of rifampicin resistance was 1.8%(23/1,290)in the new cases and 9.4%(32/340)in the previously treated *** resistance mutations were detected more frequently in lineage 2 strains than in lineage 3 or 4 strains,respectively:18.6%vs.8.7 or 9%,P<*** estimated proportion of recent transmissions was 25.9%(432/1,668).Multivariate logistic analyses indicated that sex,age,occupation,lineage,and drug resistance were the risk factors for recent *** the low rate of drug resistance,drug-resistant strains had a higher risk of recent transmission than the susceptible strains(adjusted odds ratio,1.414;95%CI,1.023–1.954;P=0.036).Among all patients with drug-resistant tuberculosis(DR-TB),78.4%(171/218)were attributed to the transmission of DR-TB *** Our results suggest that drug-resistant strains are more transmissible than susceptible strains and that transmission is the major driving force of the current DR-TB epidemic in Kashgar.

关键词： Mycobacterium tuberculosis Whole-genome sequencing(WGS) Transmission Drug resistance Xinjiang

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Optimization Design of the Multi-Layer Cross-Sectional Layout of An Umbilical Based on the GA-GLM

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China Ocean Engineering 2024年第2期38卷 247-254页

作者： YANG zhi-xun YIN Xu FAN zhi-rui YAN Jun LU Yu-cheng SU qi mao Yandong WANG Hua-lin Institute of marine machinery College of Mechanical and Electrical EngineeringHarbin Engineering UniversityHarbin 150001China State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis Optimization and CAE Software for Industrial EquipmentDepartment of Engineering MechanicsDalian University of TechnologyDalian 116024China Ningbo Institube of Dalian University of Technology Ningbo 315040China

Marine umbilical is one of the key equipment for subsea oil and gas exploitation,which is usually integrated by a great number of different functional components with *** layout of these components directly affects manufacturing,operation and storage performances of the *** the multi-layer cross-sectional layout design of the umbilical,a quantifiable multi-objective optimization model is established according to the operation and storage *** the manufacturing factors,the multi-layering strategy based on contact point identification is introduced for a great number of functional ***,the GA-GLM global optimization algorithm is proposed combining the genetic algorithm and the generalized multiplier method,and the selection operator of the genetic algorithm is improved based on the steepest descent *** algorithm is used to find the optimal solution in the global space,which can converge from any initial layout to the feasible layout *** feasible layout solution is taken as the initial value of the generalized multiplier method for fast and accurate ***,taking umbilicals with a great number of components as examples,the results show that the cross-sectional performance of the umbilical obtained by optimization algorithm is better and the solution efficiency is ***,the multi-layering strategy is effective and *** design method proposed in this paper can quickly obtain the optimal multi-layer cross-sectional layout,which replaces the manual design,and provides useful reference and guidance for the umbilical industry.

关键词： umbilical cross-sectional layout multi-layers GA-GLM optimization

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Cosmological Constraints on Neutrino Masses in Light of JWST Red and Massive Candidate Galaxies

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第4期24卷 7-12页

作者： Jian-qi Liu zhi-qi Huang Yan Su School of Physics and Astronomy Sun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai 519082China CSST Science Center for the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Zhuhai 519082China

The overabundance of the red and massive candidate galaxies observed by the James Webb Space Telescope(JWST)implies efficient structure formation or large star formation efficiency at high redshift z~*** the scenario of a low or moderate star formation efficiency,because massive neutrinos tend to suppress the growth of structure of the universe,the JWST observation tightens the upper bound of the neutrino *** A cold dark matter cosmology and a star formation efficiency∈[0.05,0.3](flat prior),we perform joint analyses of Planck+JWST and Planck+BAO+JWST,and obtain improved constraints∑m_(ν)<0.196 eV and ∑m_(ν)+<0.111 eV at 95% confidence level,*** on the above assumptions,the inverted mass ordering,which implies ∑m_(ν)≥0.1 eV,is excluded by Planck+BAO+JWST at 92.7% confidence level.

关键词： (cosmology:)cosmological parameters galaxies:abundances galaxies:formation neutrinos

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Deciphering and integrating invariants for neural operator learning with various physical mechanisms

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National Science Review 2024年第4期11卷 111-122页

作者： Rui Zhang qi Meng zhi-Ming Ma Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS) Microsoft Research

Neural operators have been explored as surrogate models for simulating physical systems to overcome the limitations of traditional partial differential equation(PDE) solvers. However, most existing operator learning methods assume that the data originate from a single physical mechanism, limiting their applicability and performance in more realistic scenarios. To this end, we propose the physical invariant attention neural operator(PIANO) to decipher and integrate the physical invariants for operator learning from the PDE series with various physical mechanisms. PIANO employs self-supervised learning to extract physical knowledge and attention mechanisms to integrate them into dynamic convolutional *** to existing techniques, PIANO can reduce the relative error by 13.6%–82.2% on PDE forecasting tasks across varying coefficients, forces or boundary conditions. Additionally, varied downstream tasks reveal that the PI embeddings deciphered by PIANO align well with the underlying invariants in the PDE systems, verifying the physical significance of PIANO.

关键词： neural operator PDE solver contrastive learning physical invariants

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未来城市规划研究

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城市问题 2023年第1期 9-11页

作者：毛其智清华大学建筑学院国际欧亚科学院

“双碳”目标是中国政府向世界的庄严承诺,城乡建设是推动绿色发展、建设美丽中国的重要载体。本文拟从城市规划的视角,以“双碳”目标下城市绿色转型发展为主题,探讨未来城市规划研究的问题。一引言2022年是肆虐全球三年之久的新型冠... 详细信息

“双碳”目标是中国政府向世界的庄严承诺,城乡建设是推动绿色发展、建设美丽中国的重要载体。本文拟从城市规划的视角,以“双碳”目标下城市绿色转型发展为主题,探讨未来城市规划研究的问题。一引言2022年是肆虐全球三年之久的新型冠状病毒疫情走向结束的一年。如同人类历史上每次历经劫难的过程那样,世界在这一刻都会重新燃起发展的希望,在痛定思痛之后憧憬美好的未来。2022年6月,联合国在波兰卡托维兹召开第11届世界城市论坛,论坛主题是“推动城市转型,铸就美好未来”。

关键词：城乡建设城市规划城市转型世界城市论坛卡托维兹重要载体建设美丽中国

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Precise Asymptotics in Limit Theorems for a Supercritical Branching Process with Immigration in a Random Environment

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数学学报（英文版） 2024年第8期40卷 1850-1874页

作者： Chun mao HUANG Rui ZHANG zhi qiang GAO Department of Mathematics Harbin Institute of Technology(Weihai)Weihai 264209P.R.China School of Mathematical Sciences Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875P.R.China

Let(Zn)be a supercritical branching process with immigration in an independent and identically distributed random *** necessary moment conditions,we show the exact convergence rate in the central limit theorem on log Zn and establish the corresponding local limit theorem by using the moments of the natural submartingale and the convergence rates of its *** similar approach and with the help of a change of measure,we also present the so-called integro-local theorem and integral large deviation theorem to characterize the precise asymptotics of the upper large deviations.

关键词： 60F05 60F10 60J80 60K37 Branching process with immigration central limit theorem large deviation random environment

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On a Flexible Loan Repayment Method Depending on Borrower's Asset with an Early Termination Clause

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Acta Mathematicae Applicatae Sinica 2024年第2期40卷 557-567页

作者： Jin LIANG Jia-qi mao Zhao-ya LIU School of Mathematical Sciences Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China

Aiming at the problem that the asset’s fluctuation influences the borrower’s repayment ability,a loan with a new and flexible repayment method is designed,which depends on the asset value of the *** repayment method can reduce the loan default probability,but it causes the uncertainty of the pay off *** the repayment term is related to the regular repayment amount in this method,a boundary for the regular repayment amount is set up in order to avoid too long repayment *** will balance the benefit of borrowers and lenders and improve the applicability of this *** establishing a mathematical model of the residual value of the loan,this model can be transformed into an initial-boundary problem of a partial differential *** analytic solution and the expected time to pay off the loan are ***,numerical analysis are shown.

关键词： flexible repayment method repayment ratio early termination clause expected pay off time

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Boundary Points, Minimal L2 Integrals and Concavity Property Ⅲ—Linearity on Riemann Surfaces and Fibrations over Open Riemann Surfaces

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2024年第09期40卷 2091-2152页

作者： qi An GUAN zhi Tong MI Zheng YUAN School of Mathematical Sciences Peking University School of Mathematics and Statistics Beijing Jiaotong University Institute of Mathematics Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science Chinese Academy of Sciences

In this article, we consider a modified version of minimal L2integrals on sublevel sets of plurisubharmonic functions related to modules at boundary points, and obtain a concavity property of the modified version. As applications, we give characterizations for the concavity degenerating to linearity on open Riemann surfaces and on fibrations over open Riemann surfaces.

关键词： boundary points Minimal L2 integrals plurisubharmonic functions weakly pseudoconvex Kähler manifold

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Understanding the spatial interaction of ultrasounds based on three-dimensional dual-frequency ultrasonic field numerical simulation

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China Foundry 2024年第1期21卷 29-43页

作者： Zhao-yang Yin qi-chi Le Yan-chao Jiang Da-zhi Zhao qi-yu Liao qi Zou Key Lab of Electromagnetic Processing of Materials Ministry of EducationNortheastern UniversityShenyang 110819China School of Materials Science and Engineering Northeastern UniversityShenyang 110819China

A transient 3D model was established to investigate the effect of spatial interaction of ultrasounds on the dual-frequency ultrasonic field in magnesium alloy *** effects of insertion depth and tip shape of the ultrasonic rods,input pressures and their ratio on the acoustic field distribution were discussed in ***,the spacing,angle,and insertion depth of two ultrasonic rods significantly affect the interaction between distinct *** a result,various acoustic pressure distributions and cavitation regions are *** spherical rods mitigate the longitudinal and transversal attenuation of acoustic pressure and expand the cavitation volume by 53.7%and 31.7%,respectively,compared to the plate and conical *** the input pressure will enlarge the cavitation region but has no effect on the acoustic pressure distribution *** acoustic pressure ratio significantly affects the pressure distribution and the cavitation region,and the best cavitation effect is obtained at the ratio of 2:1(P15:P20).

关键词： dual-frequency ultrasonic numerical model acoustic pressure spatial interaction magnesium alloy

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High-Order Two-Scale Asymptotic Paradigm for the Elastodynamic Homogenization of Periodic Composites

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Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica 2024年第1期37卷 124-138页

作者： Wei-zhi Luo Mu He Liang Xia qi-Chang He State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing Equipment and Technology Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China Laboratoire Modélisation et Simulation Multi-Echelle MSME UMR 8208 CNRSUniversite Gustave Eiffel77454 Marne-la-ValléeFrance

The classical two-scale asymptotic paradigm provides macroscopic and microscopic analyses for the elastodynamic homogenization of periodic composites based on the spatial or/and temporal variable,which offers an approximate framework for the asymptotic homogenization analysis of the motion ***,in this framework,the growing complexity of the homogenization formulation gradually becomes an obstacle as the asymptotic order *** such a context,a compact,fast,and accurate asymptotic paradigm is *** work reviews the high-order spatial two-scale asymptotic paradigm with the effective displacement field representation and optimizes the implementation by symmetrizing the tensor to be ***,the modified implementation gets rid of the excessive memory consumption required for computing the high-order tensor,which is demonstrated by representative one-and two-dimensional *** numerical results show that(1)the contrast of the material parameters between media in composites directly affects the convergence rate of the asymptotic results for the homogenization of periodic composites,(2)the convergence error of the asymptotic results mainly comes from the truncation error of the modified asymptotic homogenized motion equation,and(3)the excessive norm of the normalized wavenumber vector in the two-dimensional inclusion case may lead to a non-convergence of the asymptotic results.

关键词： Composites Homogenization Asymptotic analysis Dynamics Dispersion

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