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Journal of Energy and Power Engineering 2023年第4期17卷 109-120页

作者： Siaka touré Adjo Christelle Ogo Modibo Sidibé Solar Energy Laboratory FHB University of Cocody22 BP 582 Abidjan 22Côte d’Ivoire

The world’s production of cocoa highly has grown since *** West Africa,the production reached about 3,000,000 tons in *** than 50%of the world’s production of cocoa comes nowadays from Côte d’Ivoire and Ghana and Côte d’Ivoire is the biggest *** harvesting,the empty shells,considered as non-useful wastes,are abandoned in the fields where they become a source of *** yields millions of tons of biomass that can be converted into charcoal,instead of being sources of *** the present work,the drying kinetics of the empty wet shells were ***,charcoal production by pyrolysis of those empty shells of cocoa pods was performed,using a carbonisation stove fitted with a *** study showed that the empty shells have a high moisture *** different phases of the drying were *** study compared the drying rates and the diffusion coefficients of a small sample and a big *** experiences of carbonisation of the empty shells were successfully carried *** the first experiment,the pyrolysis temperatures were recorded and the charcoal mass efficiency *** the second experiment,the temperatures were higher and the result was colored *** colorations disappeared after some hours.

关键词： Shells of cocoa pods solar drying diffusion coefficient charcoal production carbonisation stove.

Olecranon Bone Tumor Complicated by Ulnar Nerve Paresis Revealing Tuberculous Osteitis—About a Case

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Surgical Science 2023年第3期14卷 192-196页

作者： Abdoul Kadri Moussa mahamadou Diallo Kalifa Coulibaly Layes touré mamadou Bassirou Traoré Tata touré Adegné Togo Orthopedic-Traumatology Department CHU Gabriel tourE Bamako Mali Traumatology Orthopedic Department of The Hospital and University Center: CHU Kati Mali Department of Orthopedics-Traumatology Sikasso Regional Hospital Sikasso Mali General Surgery Department CHU Gabriel tourE Bamako Mali

Introduction: The localization of bone tuberculosis at the level of the olecranon is rare and can pose a problem of differential diagnosis with a tumoral affection. Only the biopsy allows the diagnosis of certainty. The goal was to report our first case to do a review of the literature. Clinical Observation: This was a 64-year-old patient who consulted 2 years after the onset of symptoms for swelling and mechanical pain in the left elbow. On clinical examination there was a firm consistent mass measuring 6/4 cm in diameter, not very painful and hot on the posterior surface of the left elbow, accompanied by paresthesias in the territory of the ulnar nerve associated with partial functional impotence of the left forearm with little altered general condition. The X-rays of the left elbow showed extensive bone lysis of the olecranon with fracture of the base of the olecranon. The CT Scan of the elbow performed showed osteolysis of the olecranon with extensive bone reactions at the distal end of the humerus. The biopsy carried out with histological examination concluded with an aspect of tuberculous osteitis and the culture came back sterile. A curettage was performed associated with anti-tuberculosis treatment for 12 months as well as the placement of a posterior splint. The evolution at 9 months was unsatisfactory with persistence of paresis and stiffness of the elbow. Conclusion: Tuberculous osteitis of the olecranon can simulate a malignant tumor with non-specific signs of bone tuberculosis. Only the anatomopathological examination is definitive for the diagnosis. The treatment is multidisciplinary. Orthopedic evolution is difficult to predict.

关键词： Osteitis Tuberculosis Olecranon Evolution mali

Carbon and Nitrogen Mineralization Kinetics from Organically-Amended Upland Purplish Soil

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2024年第11期14卷 726-740页

作者： Hamidou Bah Amara Cissé mabetty touré Bo Zhu Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu China Institut Suprieur Agronomique et Vtrinaire de Faranah (ISAV/F) Faranah Guine

The application of organic amendments in upland soils may influence soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) mineralization, which are very important for understanding plant nutrition. However, the kinetics of C and N mineralization from organically amended upland purplish soils has been poorly studied. Therefore, this study investigates C and N mineralization kinetics in organically amended upland purplish soils. Incubation experiments were conducted using soil samples collected from experimental plots that have been under long-term organic amendment fertilization, which includes: Organic manure (OM), crop residues (CR), combined organic manure with inorganic fertilizers (OMNPK), combined crop residue with inorganic fertilizers (CRNPK), conventional inorganic fertilizer (NPK), and no fertilizer (CK). The results showed that organically amended treatments increased C and N mineralization rates by 8 - 24% and 17 - 33%, respectively, compared with NPK. Likewise, the amount of potentially mineralizable carbon (Co) and nitrogen (No) increased by 4 - 9% and 15 - 20%, respectively, compared to the conventional NPK treatment. The rate constants for labile C (kC) and N (kN) were 6 - 29% and 3 - 27% higher than the NPK treatment, respectively. In addition, the initial potential rate of C (Co × kC) and N (No × kN) in organically amended soils were 10 - 37% and 18 - 52% higher compared to NPK. This study tried to show that the mechanisms of N supply was direct application of mineral N fertilizer and mineralization of organic N, while the N retention was reducing soil active N loss and storing more active N in cropland of purplish soil. These results suggest that the long-term application of organic amendments to upland soils may increase nutrient bioavailability.

关键词： Agricultural Practices First-Order Kinetics Mineralization Rates Organic Fertilizers Soil Organic matter

Best Practices for Thermal Modeling in Microelectronics with Natural Convection Cooling: Sensitivity Analysis

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Journal of Electronics Cooling and Thermal Control 2021年第2期10卷 15-33页

作者： mamadou Kabirou touré Papa Momar Souaré Julien Sylvestre Institut Interdisciplinaire d’Innovation Technologique (3IT) Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Sher-brooke Sherbrooke Canada

A detailed sensitivity study was carried out on various key parameters from a high precision numerical model of a microelectronic package cooled by natural convection, to provide rules for the thermal modeling of microelectronic packages subjected to natural convection heat transfer. An accurate estimate of the junction temperature, with an error of less than 1˚C, was obtained compared to the experimental data for the vertical and horizontal orientations of the test vehicle in the JEDEC Still Air configuration. The sensitivity study showed that to have an accurate estimate of the temperature, the following elements should be present in the thermal model: radiation heat transfer in natural convection cooling;a computational fluid dynamics analysis to find realistic convection coefficients;detailed models of the high conductivity elements in the direction of the heat flow towards the environment;and finally precise values for the thicknesses of layers and the thermal properties of the substrate and the printed circuit board.

关键词： Computational Fluid Dynamics Computational Heat Transfer Microelectronic Packaging Natural Convection Radiation Thermal Analysis Thermal management

Experimental Investigation of the Stability of the Performance Characteristics of a Photovoltaic Module in the Face of Environmental and Meteorological Factors

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2024年第2期14卷 589-608页

作者： Adingra Paul Arsène Kouassi Siaka touré Diakaridja Traoré Laboratoire des Sciences de la matière de l’Environnement et de l’Energie Solaire (LASMES) Unité de Formation et de Recherche des Sciences des Structures de la Matière et Technologie (UFR-SSMT) Université Félix Houphou&#235t Boigny Abidjan C&#244te d’Ivoire

The explosive technological improvement of photovoltaic systems as well as the necessity of populations to come to less expensive energy sources, that have led to an implosion at the level of solar panel manufacturers. This causes a large flow of these equipments to developing countries where the need is high, without any quality control. That conducted an experimental investigation on the performance characteristics of a 250 wp monocrystalline silicon photovoltaic module in other to check the verification and quality control. Most of these PV panels which often have missing informations are manufactured and tested in places that are inadequate for our environmental and meteorological conditions. Also, their influences on the stability of internal parameters were evaluated in order to optimize their performance. The results obtained at maximum illumination (1000 w/m2) confirmed those produced by the manufacturer. The analysis of these characteristics showed that the illumination and the temperature (meteorological factors) influenced at most the stability of the internal characteristics of the module in the sense that the maximum power increased very rapidly beyond 750 w/m2 but a degradation of performance was accentuated for a temperature of the solar cells exceeding 50°C. The degradation coefficients were evaluated at -0.0864 V/°C for the voltage and at -1.6248 w/°C for the power. The 10° inclination angle of the solar panel proved to be ideal for optimizing overall efficiency in practical situations.

关键词： Renewables Energies Instruments Internal Parameters of Photovoltaic Panel Monocrystalline Photovoltaic Panel Solar Energy Production Energy Intermittence

Land Use and Soil Texture Effects on Organic Carbon Change in Dryland Soils, Senegal

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2013年第6期3卷 253-262页

作者： Assize touré Emile Temgoua Claire Guenat Bo Elberling Centre de Suivi Ecologique (CSE) Dakar-Fann Sénégal Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon Institute of Geogra- phy Copenhagen Denmark. Swiss Federal Institute of Technology EPFL ENAC IIE ECOS Lausanne Switzerland

Soil organic carbon (SOC) losses due to poor soil management in dryland are now well documented. However, the influence of soil properties on organic carbon change is not well known. The groundnut plant (Arachis hypogaea L.), and the dominant crop system in the Senegal’s Soudanian zone, have been compared with semi-natural savanna. Leaves, stems and roots biomass were measured, and soil characteristics were analysed. The total leaves and stems biomass was 1.7 and 2.7 Mg ha-1 dry matter in groundnut fields and savanna respectively. Total SOC stocks were low (8 to 20 Mg C·ha-1 within upper 0.2 m depth, 20 to 64 Mg C·ha-1 within upper 1 m depth) and were significantly lower (P δ13C values show that SOC quality is transformed from the savanna plants (C4/C3 mixed-pools) to C3-pools in groundnut cultivated zone, with the organic matter signature more preserved in the clayey soils. This study confirms that converting woodland to groundnut fields provokes texture transformation and SOC loss. The results call for the extreme necessity to regenerate the wooded zone or encourage practices that favour SOC restitution.

关键词： δ13C Dryland Land Use Soil Organic Carbon Soil Texture

High thermal conductivity of suspended few-layer hexagonal boron nitride sheets

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Nano Research 2014年第8期7卷 1232-1240页

作者： Haiqing Zhou Jixin Zhu Zheng Liu Zheng Yan Xiujun Fan Jian Lin Gunuk Wang Qingyu Yan Ting Yu Pulickel M. Ajayan James M. tour Department of Chemistry Rice University 6100 Main Street Houston Texas 77005 USA Division of Physics and Applied Physics School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University 537371 Singapore Department of materials Science and NanoEngineering Rice University 6100 Main Street Houston Texas 77005 USA School of materials Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University Nanyang Avenue 639798 Singapore College of Electronic Information and Control Engineering Beijing University of Technology Beijing I00124 China The Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology Rice University 6100 Main Street Houston Texas 77005 USA

The thermal conduction of suspended few-layer hexagonal boron nitride （h-BN） sheets was experimentally investigated using a noncontact micro-Raman spectroscopy method. The first-order temperature coefficients for monolayer （1L）, bilayer （2L） and nine-layer （9L） h-BN sheets were measured to be -（3.41 ± 0.12）× 10-2, -（3.15 ± 0.14） × 10-2 and -（3.78 ±0.16）× 10-2 cm-1.K-1, respectively. The room-temperature thermal conductivity of few-layer h-BN sheets was found to be in the range from 227 to 280 W.m-1-K-1, which is comparable to that of bulk h-BN, indicating their potential use as important components to solve heat dissipation problems in thermal management configurations.

关键词： two-dimensional hexagonal boron nitride(h-BN) thermal conductivity Raman spectroscopy

Response Surface Methodology as an Approach for Optimization of Vinegar Fermentation Conditions Using Three Different Thermotolerant Acetic Acid Bacteria

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2023年第7期14卷 638-656页

作者： mariama Ciré Kourouma malick Mbengue Abdoulaye Thioye Coumba touré Kane Laboratoire de Microbiologie Appliquée et de Génie Industriel (maGI) Ecole Supérieure Polytechnique (ESP) Université Cheikh-Anta-Diop Dakar Senegal Department of Molecular Biology Institute for Health Research Epidemiological Surveillance and Training (IRESSEF) Dakar Senegal

This study aimed to investigate optimal fermentation conditions of biological acetic acid fermentation for vinegar production. Optimization was performed on 3 acetic acid bacteria strains namely Vma1, Vma7 and VmaO using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). A Box-Behnken-Design (BBD) was achieved with three different independent process parameters involving: fermentation temperature, original alcohol concentration and original acetic acid concentration and one dependent variable (acetic acid yield). The results showed that the mathematical models describe correctly the relationship between responses and factors (F values of the models (p R2 (coefficient of correlation) respectively 0.96, 0.94, 0.98, and adjusted R2 0.95, 0.92, 0.98). The maximum acidity was obtained respectively at fermentation temperatures, original alcohol concentrations and original acetic acid concentrations ranging from [37.5°C - 45°C], [16% - 20% (v/v)], [1.5% - 2% (w/v)] for Vma1, [40°C - 45°C], [14.5% - 20% (v/v)], [1.7% - 2% (w/v)] for Vma7 and [42°C - 45°C], [17% - 20% (v/v)], [1.5% - 2% (w/v)] for VmaO. The use of these acetic strains in the production of vinegar may seriously lead to a decrease or even an ablation of the costs related to the cooling of bioreactors especially in warm and hot countries, in the context of global warming.

关键词： Vinegar Response Surface Methodology Box-Behnken-Design Optimization

Effect of Graphene Nanoribbons (TexasPEG) on locomotor function recovery in a rat model of lumbar spinal cord transection

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Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第8期13卷 1440-1446页

作者： C-Yoon Kim William K. A. Sikkema Jin Kim Jeong Ah Kim James Walter Raymond Dieter Hyung-Min Chung Andrea mana James M. tour Sergio Canavero Department of Stem Cell Biology School of Medicine Konkuk University Seoul Korea Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine College of Veterinary Medicine Seoul National University Seoul Korea Department of Chemistry Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering and The NanoCarbon Center Rice University Houston TXUSA Biomedical Omics Group Korea Basic Science Institute Cheongju-si Chungbuk Korea Research Service Hines Veterans Administration Hospital Hines IL USA HEAVEN/GEMINI International Collaborative Group Turin Italy

A sharply transected spinal cord has been shown to be fused under the accelerating influence of membrane fusogens such as polyethylene glycol （PEG）（GEMINI protocol）. Previous work provided evidence that this is in fact possible. Other fusogens might improve current results. In this study, we aimed to assess the effects of PEGylated graphene nanoribons （PEG-GNR, and called ＂TexasPEG＂ when prepared as lwt% dispersion in PEG600） versus placebo （saline） on locomotor function recovery and cellular level in a rat model of spinal cord transection at lumbar segment 1 （L1） level. In vivo and in vitro experiments （n -- 10 per experiment） were designed. In the in vivo experiment, all rats were submitted to full spinal cord transection at L1 level. Five weeks later, behavioral assessment was performed using the Basso Beattie Bresnahan （BBB） locomotor rating scale. Immunohistochemical staining with neuron marker neurofilament 200 （NF200） antibody and astrocyt- ic scar marker glial fibrillary acidic protein （GFAP） was also performed in the injured spinal cord. In the in vitro experiment, the effects of TexasPEG application for 72 hours on the neurite outgrowth of SH-SYSY cells were observed under the inverted microscope. Results of both in vivo and in vitro experiments suggest that TexasPEG reduces the formation of glial scars, promotes the regeneration of neurites, and thereby contributes to the recovery of locomotor function of a rat model of spinal cord transfection.

关键词： nerve regeneration spinal cord transfection spinal cord fusion GEMINI TexasPEG graphene nanoribbons

Thickness-dependent patterning of MoS2 sheets with well-oriented triangular pits by heating in air

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Nano Research 2013年第10期6卷 703-711页

作者： Haiqing Zhou Fang Yu Yuanyue Liu Xiaolong Zou Chunxiao Cong Caiyu Qiu Ting Yu Zheng Yan Xiaonan Shen Lianfeng Sun Boris I. Yakobson James M. tour Division of Physics and Applied Physics School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University 637371Singapore Department of Chemistry Rice University 6100 Main Street Houston Texas 77005 USA The Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology Rice University 6100 Main Street Houston Texas 77005 USA Department of Mechanical Engineering and materials Science Rice University 6100 Main Street Houston Texas 77005 USA National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 China

Patterning ultrathin MoS2 layers with regular edges or controllable shapes is appealing since the properties of MoS2 sheets are sensitive to the edge structures. In this work, we have introduced a simple, effective and well-controlled technique to etch layered MoS2 sheets with well-oriented equilateral triangular pits by simply heating the samples in air. The anisotropic oxidative etching is greatly affected by the surrounding temperature and the number of MoS2 layers, whereby the pit sizes increase with the increase of surrounding temperature and the number of MoS2 layers. First-principles computations have been performed to explain the formation mechanism of the triangular pits. This technique offers an alternative avenue to engineering the structure of MoS2 sheets.

关键词： layered MoS2 oxidative etching thickness-dependent triangular pits