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Performance study of selective encryption in comparison to full encryption for still visual images

Journal of Zhejiang University-Science C(Computers and Electronics) 2014年第6期15卷 435-444页

作者： Osama A.KHASHAN Abdullah m.zin Elankovan A.SUNDARARAJAN Centre for Software Technology and management Faculty of Information Science and TechnologyNational University of Malaysia (UKM)

Securing digital images is becoming an important concern in today's information security due to the extensive use of secure images that are either transmitted over a network or stored on disks. Image encryption is the most effective way to fulfil confidentiality and protect the privacy of images. Nevertheless, owing to the large size and complex structure of digital images, the computational overhead and processing time needed to carry out full image encryption prove to be limiting factors that inhibit it of being used more heavily in real time. To solve this problem, many recent studies use the selective encryption approach to encrypt significant parts of images with a hope to reduce the encryption overhead. However, it is necessary to realistically evaluate its performance compared to full encryption. In this paper, we study the performance and efficiency of image segmentation methods used in the selective encryption approach, such as edges and face detection methods, in determining the most important parts of visual images. Experiments were performed to analyse the computational results obtained by selective image encryption compared to full image encryption using symmetric encryption algorithms. Experiment results have proven that the selective encryption approach based on edge and face detection can significantly reduce the time of encrypting still visual images as compared to full encryption. Thus, this approach can be considered a good alternative in the implementation of real-time applications that require adequate security levels.

关键词： Selective image encryption edge detection Face detection

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铁杉属花粉形态及其聚类分析研究

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南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） 2024年第4期48卷 37-45页

作者：陈芷涵尚鑫谢淦张鑫西北农林科技大学林学院陕西杨凌712100 中国科学院植物研究所北京100093 中国科学院昆明植物研究所云南昆明650201

【目的】对铁杉属(Tsuga)现存所有10种植物花粉形态特征进行观察比较,结合花粉化石分析铁杉属系统发育关系及花粉形态的演化过程。【方法】通过扫描电子显微镜(SEm)观察铁杉属的花粉形态特征,并利用7个定量指标和1个定性指标进行系统聚... 详细信息

【目的】对铁杉属(Tsuga)现存所有10种植物花粉形态特征进行观察比较,结合花粉化石分析铁杉属系统发育关系及花粉形态的演化过程。【方法】通过扫描电子显微镜(SEm)观察铁杉属的花粉形态特征,并利用7个定量指标和1个定性指标进行系统聚类分析(HCA)。【结果】铁杉属花粉为N_(1)P_(3)C_(1)型花粉,远极面具薄壁区,赤道轴长度为21.20~58.00μm,多无气囊,稀有气囊;花粉粒表面多疣状,稀微疣状,表面有棘突或无。系统聚类分析显示铁杉属花粉可以分类为3类:(1)有气囊,无棘突类:山地铁杉(***)与长苞铁杉(Nothotsuga longibracteata);(2)无气囊,无棘突类:卡罗莱纳铁杉(***)、加拿大铁杉(***)与化石种2(***.2);(3)无气囊,有棘突类:异叶铁杉(***)、郁林铁杉(***)、米铁杉(***)、丽江铁杉(***)、日本铁杉(***)、云南铁杉(***)、铁杉(***)、化石种1(***.1)和化石种3(***.3)。【结论】铁杉属花粉是从有气囊向无气囊,无棘突向有棘突演化的,且花粉特征与分布地有密切关系,同一地区分布的花粉形态相似。基于花粉形态的聚类分析结果与分子系统发育树大体符合,可以通过花粉形态对铁杉属植物及化石进行物种鉴定,并为其系统发育研究提供参考。

关键词：铁杉属花粉形态扫描电镜聚类分析

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Effect of sodium replacement on the quality characteristics of pastırma(a dry-cured meat product)

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2023年第1期12卷 266-274页

作者： BarışYalınkılıç Güzin Kaban mükerrem Kaya Department of Gastronomy and Culinary Arts Faculty of Fine Arts and Architectureİstanbul Gedik UniversityKartalIstanbul 34876Turkey Department of Food Engineering Faculty of AgricultureAtatürk UniversityErzurum 25240Turkey

This study aims to investigate the effect of sodium replacement on the quality characteristics of pastı*** this purpose,pastırma production with four different salt mixtures(Ⅰ.100%NaCl;Ⅱ.50%NaCl+50%KCl;Ⅲ.40%NaCl+40%KCl+20%CaCl_(2);Ⅳ.30%NaCl+40%KCl+20%CaCl_(2)+10%mgCl_(2))were carried out using traditional *** use of different salt mixtures for pastırma had no statistically significant effect on the microbial counts and residual nitrite of the final *** a*and b*values were affected by this *** salt mixture containing CaCl_(2) or CaCl_(2)+mgCl_(2) significantly decreased the pH values and sensory *** eighteen volatile compounds were affected by the salt ***^(+),K^(+),Ca^(2+),and mg^(2+)had a certain increase depending on their ratio in the salt *** highest Cathepsin activity in all pastırma samples was observed in Cathepsin B+*** salt mixture with NaCl+KCl+CaCl_(2)+mgCl_(2) increased acid lipase ***,this mixture had no significant effect on neutral lipase activity.

关键词： Pastırma Chloride salts Volatile compounds Cathepsin Lipase

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Assessing effects of deficit irrigation techniques on water productivity of tomato for subsurface drip irrigation system

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2018年第4期11卷 156-167页

作者： mahmoud S Hashem Tarek zin El-abedin Hussein m Al-Ghobari Agricultural Engineering Department College of Food and Agriculture SciencesKing Saud UniversityRiyadh 11451Saudi Arabia Agricultural Engineering Research Institute(AEnRI) Agricultural Research CenterGizaEgypt Agricultural Engineering Department College of AgricultureAlexandria UniversityAlexandriaEgypt

Water resources are subjected to ever-increasing supply constraints due to extensive agricultural water demand for irrigated ***,water-saving irrigation strategies need to be *** present study was conducted to explore the possibilities of using regulated deficit irrigation(RDI)and partial root zone drying irrigation(PRD)methods as water-saving irrigation techniques for subsurface *** objective of this study are to assess the effects of RDI and PRD irrigation on the water productivity of vegetable crops(tomato)under SSD systems in arid climatic conditions,and to compare the responses of tomato crops to PRD,RDI,and FI under an SSD system in terms of productivity,crop quality,and the amount of water *** field experiment was conducted during the fall 2014-2015 and 2015-2016 seasons in an experimental field located on an educational farm owned by the Faculty of Food and Agriculture Sciences Department,King Saud University,Riyadh,Kingdom of Saudi *** area of 102.7 m^(2)(13 m×7.9 m)was allocated for the experiment to manage three treatments:RDI,PRD,and full irrigation(FI).The RDI and PRD treatments received 70%of the irrigation water volume of *** was replicated three *** most important results indicated that the soil water content(SWC)for the RDI and PRD treatments was lower than that of the FI *** had the highest stomatal conductance values(gs),while PRD had the lowest stomatal conductance *** photosynthetic rate(A_(n))was lower under RDI and PRD compared to ***,there was no significant change in A_(n) between treatments for most readings taken during both time periods,which means that the water saving treatments(PRD and RDI)did not affect the net photosynthesis rate,thereby enhancing irrigation water use efficiency(IWUE)under DI *** water-saving irrigation techniques decreased transpiration rate(T)compared to the FI *** values of the abscisic acid(ABA)contents were higher

关键词： full irrigation(FI) regulated deficit irrigation(RDI) partial root zone drying(PRD) irrigation water use efficiency(IWUE)

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Effect of sodium replacement on the quality characteristics of past?rma(a dry-cured meat product)

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2023年第1期12卷 266-274页

作者： Bar?? Yal?nk?l?? Güzin Kaban mükerrem Kaya Department of Gastronomy and Culinary Arts Faculty of Fine Arts and Architecture ?stanbul Gedik University Department of Food Engineering Faculty of Agriculture Atatürk University

This study aims to investigate the effect of sodium replacement on the quality characteristics of past?rma. For this purpose, past?rma production with four different salt mixtures(Ⅰ. 100% Na Cl; Ⅱ. 50% Na Cl + 50% KCl; Ⅲ. 40% NaCl + 40% KCl + 20% CaCl2; Ⅳ. 30% NaCl + 40% KCl + 20% CaCl2+ 10% mgCl2) were carried out using traditional method. The use of different salt mixtures for past?rma had no statistically significant effect on the microbial counts and residual nitrite of the final product. The a* and b* values were affected by this treatment. The salt mixture containing CaCl2or CaCl2+ mgCl2significantly decreased the p H values and sensory scores. The eighteen volatile compounds were affected by the salt mixtures. Na~+, K~+, Ca2+, and mg2+had a certain increase depending on their ratio in the salt mixtures. The highest Cathepsin activity in all past?rma samples was observed in Cathepsin B + L. The salt mixture with NaCl + KCl + CaCl2+ mg Cl2increased acid lipase activity. However, this mixture had no significant effect on neutral lipase activity.

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ImgFS： a transparent cryptography for stored images using a filesystem in userspace

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Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2015年第1期16卷 28-42页

作者： Osama A. KHASHAN Abdullah m. zin Elankovan A. SUNDARARAJAN Centre for Software Technology and management Faculty of Information Science and Technology National University of Malaysia (UKM) Bangi 43600 Selangor Malaysia

Real-time encryption and decryption of digital images stored on end-user devices is a challenging task due to the inherent features of the images. Traditional software encryption applications generally suffered from the expense of user con- venience, performance efficiency, and the level of security provided. To overcome these limitations, the concept of transparent encryption has been proposed. This type of encryption mechanism can be implemented most efficiently with kernel file systems. However, this approach has some disadvantages since developing a new file system and attaching it in the kernel level requires a deep understanding of the kernel internal data structure. A filesystem in userspace （FUSE） can be used to bridge the gap. Never- theless, ctwrent implementations of cryptographic FUSE-based file systems suffered from several weaknesses that make them less than ideal for deployment. This paper describes the design and implementation of ImgFS, a fully transparent cryptographic file system that resides on user space. ImgFS can provide a sophisticated way to access, manage, and monitor all encryption and key management operations for image files stored on the local disk without any interaction from the user. The development of ImgFS has managed to solve weaknesses that have been identified on cryptographic FUSE-based implementations. Experiments were carried out to measure the performance of ImgFS over image files＇ read and write against the cryptographic service, and the results indicated that while ImgFS has managed to provide higher level of security and transparency, its performance was competitive with other established cryptographic FUSE-based schemes of high performance.

关键词： Storage image security Cryptographic file system Filesystem in userspace (FUSE) Transparent encryption

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A Tree-Type memory Formation by Sensorimotor Feedback: A Possible Approach to the Development of Robotic Cognition

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Intelligent Control and Automation 2013年第2期4卷 154-165页

作者： Fady Alnajjar Indra m. zin Abdl R. Hafiz Kazuyuki murase Brain Science Institute RIKEN Nagoya Japan Department of Human and Artificial Intelligence Systems Fukui Japan

Based on indications from neuroscience and psychology, both perception and action can be internally simulated in or- ganisms by activating sensory and/or motor areas in the brain without actual external sensory input and/or without any resulting behavior (a phenomenon called Thinking). This phenomenon is usually used by the organisms to cope with missing external inputs. Applying such phenomenon in a real robot recently has taken the attention of many researchers. Although some work has been reported on this issue, none of this work has so far considered the potential of the robot’s vision at the sensorimotor abstraction level, where extracting data from the environment takes place. In this study, a novel visiomotor abstraction is presented into a physical robot through a memory-based learning algorithm. Experi- mental results indicate that our robot with its vision could develop a kind of simple anticipation mechanism into its tree-type memory structure through interacting with the environment which would guide its behavior in the absence of external inputs.

关键词： Visiomotor Abstraction memory Based Learning Artificial Cognition Internal Representation

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Entrapment of the median Nerve by a muscular Branch of the Brachial Artery: A Case Report

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Forensic medicine and Anatomy Research 2014年第3期2卷 51-55页

作者： Snehlata P. Samberkar Normadiah m. Kassim Siti Rosmani m. zin Prashant Samberkar Department of Anatomy Faculty of Medicine University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur Malaysia Department of Forensic medicine and Pathology Faculty of Medicine University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur Malaysia

Variations in the arterial pattern of the upper limbs are commonly encountered in routine dissection. In-depth information of the vascular structure of the upper extremities is not only important for diagnostic interventions and surgical approaches, but has medico-legal implications. We report the unusual variation of an additional muscular branch of the brachial artery entrapping the median nerve in the middle of the arm. This anomaly was present in both upper extremities of an adult male Indo-malaysian cadaver. The abnormality reported here might result in neurovascular compression symptoms in the upper limbs. Knowledge of the vascular dissimilarity of the brachial artery and its division, and possible neurovascular entrapment is important to surgeons and medical practitioners for anticipating nerve compression and for confirmation via motor and sensory examination.

关键词： Anatomical Variation Brachial Artery median Nerve Bilateral Upper Extremity Trapped Nerve

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Bioactive compounds fractionated from endophyte Streptomyces SUK 08 with promising ex-vivo antimalarial activity

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2017年第12期7卷 1062-1066页

作者： Noraziah mohamad zin Juwairiah Remali mohd Nazir Nasrom Shafariatul Akmar Ishak mohd Shukri Baba Juriyati Jalil School of Diagnostic Sciences and Applied Health Faculty of Health SciencesUniversiti Kebangsaan Malaysia50300 Kuala LumpurMalaysia Department of Biomedical Science Kulliyyah of Allied Health ScienceInternational Islamic University MalaysiaJalan Sultan Ahmad ShahBandar Indera Mahkota25200 KuantanPahangMalaysia Drug and Herbal Research Centre Faculty of PharmacyUniversiti Kebangsaan MalaysiaJalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz50300 Kuala LumpurMalaysia

Objective: To determine ex vivo antimalarial activity and cytotoxicity of endophytic Streptomyces SUK 08 as well as the main core structure fractionated from its crude ***: The activities of SUK 08 crude extract were evaluated by using the Plasmodium lactate dehydrogenase assay and synchronization test against rodent malaria parasite Plasmodium berghei, instead of human malarial parasite Plasmodium falciparum. The cytotoxicity of the crude extract was determined by mTT assay. The crude extract was analyzed by thin-layer chromatography and gas chromatography–mass ***: The ethyl acetate crude extract showed very promising antimalarial activity with IC50 of 1.25 mg/m L. The synchronization tests showed that ethyl acetate extraction could inhibit all stages of the Plasmodium life cycle, but it was most effective at the Plasmodium ring stage. On the basis of a mTT assay on Chang Liver cells, ethyl acetate and ethanol demonstrated IC50 values of >1.0 mg/m L. The IC50 of parasitemia at 5% and30% for this extract was lower than chloroquine. Thin-layer chromatography, with 1: 9 ratio of ethyl acetate: hexane, was used to isolate several distinct compounds. Based on gas chromatography–mass spectrophotometry analysis, three core structures were identified as cyclohexane, butyl propyl ester, and 2,3-heptanedione. Structurally, these compounds were similar to currently available antimalarial ***: The results suggest that compounds isolated from Streptomyces SUK 08 are viable antimalarial drug candidates that require further investigations.

关键词： Butyl–propyl–ester Cyclohexane 2,3-Heptanedione Endophyte Streptomyces Antimalarial

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Age at diagnosis of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular risk factor profile:A pooled analysis

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World Journal of Diabetes 2022年第3期13卷 260-271页

作者： mary m Barker Francesco Zaccardi Emer m Brady Gaurav S Gulsin Andrew P Hall Joseph Henson zin zinHtike Kamlesh Khunti Gerald P mcCann Emma L Redman David R Webb Emma G Wilmot Tom Yates Jian Yeo melanie J Davies Jack A Sargeant Diabetes Research Centre University of LeicesterLeicester General HospitalLeicester LE54PWUnited Kingdom Department of Cardiovascular Sciences Glenfield HospitalUniversity of LeicesterLeicester LE39QPUnited Kingdom The Hanning Sleep Laboratory University Hospitals of Leicester NHS TrustUniversity of LeicesterLeicester LE54PWUnited Kingdom National Institute for Health Research Leicester Biomedical Research CentreLeicester LE54PWUnited Kingdom Leicester Diabetes Centre University Hospitals of Leicester NHS TrustLeicester LE54PWUnited Kingdom National Institute for Health Research Applied Research Collaboration East MidlandsLeicester LE54PWUnited Kingdom Department of Diabetes University Hospitals of Derby and Burton NHS Foundation TrustDerby DE223NEUnited Kingdom

BACKGROUND The diagnosis of type 2 diabetes(T2D)in younger adults,an increasingly common public health issue,is associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular complications and mortality,which may be due to a more adverse cardiovascular risk profile in individuals diagnosed at a younger *** To investigate the association between age at diagnosis and the cardiovascular risk profile in adults with *** A pooled dataset was used,comprised of data from five previous studies of adults with T2D,including 1409 participants of whom 196 were diagnosed with T2D under the age of 40 *** and blood biomarker measurements included body weight,body mass index(BmI),waist circumference,body fat percentage,glycaemic control(HbA1c),lipid profile and blood *** and multivariable linear regression models,adjusted for diabetes duration,sex,ethnicity and smoking status,were used to investigate the association between age at diagnosis and each cardiovascular risk *** A higher proportion of participants diagnosed with T2D under the age of 40 were female,current smokers and treated with glucose-lowering medications,compared to participants diagnosed later in *** diagnosed with T2D under the age of 40 also had higher body weight,BmI,waist circumference and body fat percentage,in addition to a more adverse lipid profile,compared to participants diagnosed at an older *** results showed that each one year reduction in age at diagnosis was significantly associated with 0.67 kg higher body weight[95%confidence interval(CI):0.52-0.82 kg],0.18 kg/m^(2) higher BmI(95%CI:0.10-0.25)and 0.32 cm higher waist circumference(95%CI:0.14-0.49),after adjustment for duration of diabetes and other *** age at diagnosis was also significantly associated with higher HbA1c,total cholesterol,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and *** The diagnosis of T2D earlier in life is associated with a worse cardi

关键词： Type 2 diabetes mellitus Early-onset adult type 2 diabetes Age of onset Cardiovascular risk Young adults Glycaemic control Obesity

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