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Hybridization and the.spe.ie. proble. in conse.vation

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Curre.t Zoology 2015年第1期61卷 206-216页

作者： Be.jamin m. FITZPATRICK m.ureen e. ryan Jarre.t R. JOHNSON Joe. CORUSH e.in T. CARTe. e.ology and e.olutionary Biology University of Tennessee Knoxville TN 37996 USA School of e.vironme.tal and Fore.t Scie.ce. University of Washington Seattle WA 98195 USA Biology De.artme.t Western Kentucky University Bowling Green KY 42101 USA

most biologists re.ognize.the.＂spe.ie. phe.ome.on＂ as a re.l patte.n in nature. Biodive.sity is characte.ize. by dis- continuitie. be.we.n re.ognizable.groups classifie. as spe.ie.. many conse.vation laws focus on pre.e.ting spe.ie. e.tinction. Howe.e., spe.ie. are.not fixe.. Discontinuitie. e.olve.gradually and some.ime. disappe.r. e.actly how to de.ine.particular spe. cie. is not always obvious. Hybridization be.we.n taxonomic spe.ie. re.inds us that spe.ie. classification is not a pe.fe.t re.re. se.tation of nature. Classification is a mode. that is ve.y use.ul, but not ade.uate.in all case.. Conse.vationists ofte. confront que.tions about how to apply spe.ie.-base. laws whe. hybridization confounds classification. De.e.opme.t of sophisticate. te.hnique. and nuance. inte.pre.ation of data in the.basic study of spe.ie. and spe.iation has e.pose. the.ne.d for de.pe. e.uca- tion in ge.e.ics and e.olution for applie. conse.vationists and de.ision make.s. He.e.we.offe. a brie. pe.spe.tive.on hybridiza- tion and the.spe.ie. proble. in conse.vation. Our inte.de. audie.ce.is conse.vation practitione.s and de.ision-make.s more.than ge.e.icists and e.olutionary biologists. We.wish to e.phasize.that the.goals and pre.ise. of le.islative.classification are.not ide.tical to those.of scie.tific classification. Some.ime. le.al classification is re.uire. whe. the.be.t available.scie.ce.indicate. that discre.e.classification is not an ade.uate.mode. for the.case. e.tablishing le.al status and le.e. of prote.tion for hybrids and hybrid populations me.ns choosing from a range.of scie.tifically valid alte.native.. Although we.should not abandon spe.ie.-base. approache. to conse.vation, we.must re.ognize.the.r limitations and work to clarify the.role. of scie.ce.and value. in e.hical and le.al de.isions [Curre.t Zoology 61 （1）： 206-216, 2015].

关键词： Hybridization Hybrid zone Conse.vation Ge.e.ics Policy Classification De.imitation

me.hanical, e.e.trical, and the.mal prope.tie. of the.dire.tionally solidifie. Bi–Zn–Al te.nary e.te.tic alloy

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Inte.national Journal of mine.als,me.allurgy and mate.ials 2014年第10期21卷 999-1008页

作者： m.Sahin e.adrli De.artme.t of e.e.tronics and Automation Technical Vocational School of Sciences Nigde University De.artme.t of Physics Faculty of Arts and Sciences Nigde University

A Bi-2.0Zn-0.2A1 （wt%） te.nary e.te.tic alloy was pre.are. using a vacuum me.ting furnace.and a casting furnace. The.sample. we.e.dire.tionally solidifie. upwards at a constant growth rate.（V= 18.4 μm/s） unde. diffe.e.t te.pe.ature.gradie.ts （G = 1.15-3.44 K/mm） and at a constant te.pe.ature.gradie.t （G = 2.66 K/mm） unde. diffe.e.t growth rate. （V= 8.3-500 μm/s） in a Bridgman-type.dire.tional so- lidification furnace. The.de.e.de.ce.ofmicrostructure.parame.e. （2） on the.solidification parame.e.s （G and V） and that of the.microhardne.s （Hv） on the.microstructure.and solidification parame.e.s we.e.inve.tigate.. The.re.istivity （ρ） me.sure.e.ts of the.studie. alloy we.e.pe.- forme. using the.standard four-point-probe.me.hod, and the.te.pe.ature.coe.ficie.t of re.istivity （α） was calculate. from the.ρ-Tcurve. The.e.thalpy （AH） and the.spe.ific he.t （Cp） value. we.e.de.e.mine. by diffe.e.tial scanning calorime.ry analysis. In addition, the.the.mal conductivitie. of sample., obtaine. using the.Wie.e.ann-Franz and Smith-Palme. e.uations, we.e.compare. with the.e.pe.ime.tal re.ults. The.re.ults re.e.le. that, the.the.mal conductivity value. obtaine. using the.Wie.e.arm-Franz and Smith-Palme. e.uations for the.Bi-2.0Zn-0.2Al （wt%） alloy are.in the.range.of 5.2-6.5 W/Km and 15.2-16.4 W/Km, re.pe.tive.y.

关键词： te.nary e.te.tic alloys dire.tional solidification microhardne.s e.e.trical re.istivity the.mal conductivity

The.impact of minimally invasive.surge.ie. for the.tre.tme.t of symptomatic be.ign prostatic hype.plasia on male.se.ual function： a syste.atic re.ie.

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2010年第4期12卷 500-508页

作者： ryan W. Frie.e. Hao-Che.g Lin Pe.e. e.Hinh France.co Be.ardine.li Ste.e. e. Canfie.d Run Wang Division of Urology University of Texas Medical School at Houston Houston TX 77030 USA De.artme.t of Urology Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital Nanjing University School of Medicine Nanjing 210008 China Division of Urology Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences ＂G.d＇Annunzio＂ University Chieti Italy De.artme.t of Urology University of Texas MD Anderson Caneer Center Houston TX 77030 USA

A syste.atic re.ie. of randomize. controlle. trials and cohort studie. was conducte. to e.aluate.data for the.e.fe.ts of minimally invasive.proce.ure. for tre.tme.t of symptomatic be.ign prostatic hype.plasia （BPH） on male.se.ual function. The.studie. se.rche. we.e.trials that e.rolle. me. with symptomatic BPH who we.e.tre.te. with lase. surge.ie., transure.hral microwave.the.apy （TUmT）, transure.hral ne.dle.ablation of the.prostate.（TUNA）, transure.hral e.hanol ablation of the.prostate.（Te.P） and high-inte.sity fre.ue.cy ultrasound （HIFU）, in comparison with traditional transure.hral re.e.tion of the.prostate.（TURP） or sham ope.ations. A total of 72 studie. we.e.ide.tifie., of which 33 me. the.inclusion crite.ia. Of the.33 studie., 21 we.e.conce.ne. with lase. surge.ie., six with TUmT, four with TUNA and two with Te.P containing information re.arding male.se.ual function. No study is available.re.arding the.e.fe.t of HIFU for BPH on male.se.ual function. Our analysis shows that minimally invasive.surge.ie. for BPH have.comparable.e.fe.ts to those.of TURP on male.e.e.tile.function. Colle.tive.y, le.s than 15.4% or 15.2% of patie.ts will have.e.the. de.re.se.or incre.se. re.pe.tive.y, of e.e.tile.function afte. lase. proce.ure., TUmT and TUNA. As obse.ve. with TURP, a high incide.ce.of e.aculatory dysfunction （e.D） is common afte. tre.tme.t of BPH with holmium, potassium-titanyl-phosphate.and thulium lase. the.apie. （〉 33.6%）. TUmT, TUNA and ne.dymium：yttrium aluminum garne. visual lase. ablation or inte.stitial lase. coagulation for BPH has le.s incide.ce.of e.D, but the.e.proce.ure. are.conside.e. le.s e.fe.tive.for BPH tre.tme.t whe. compare. with TURP.

关键词： be.ign prostatic hype.plasia e.aculatory dysfunction e.e.tile.dysfunction minimally invasive.surge.y se.ual function,transure.hral re.e.tion of the.prostate

He.dwate. re.ions- Physical, e.ological, and social approache. to unde.stand the.e.are.s： introduction to the. spe.ial issue

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Frontie.s of e.rth Scie.ce 2017年第3期11卷 443-446页

作者： Ste.e. R. FASSNACHT ryan W. We.B William e. SANFORD e.S-Wate.she. Scie.ce Colorado State University Fort Collins CO 80523-1476 USA Ge.graphische. Institut Abt. Kartographie GIS & Femerkundung Georg-August-Universitat Gottingen 37077 Gottingen Germany Coope.ative.Institute.for Re.e.rch in the.Atmosphe.e Fort Collins CO 80523-1375 USA Ge.spatial Ce.troid Colorado State University Fort Collins CO 80523-1101 USA Natural Re.ource. e.ology Laboratory Fort Collins CO 80523-1499 USA Institute.of Arctic and Alpine.Re.e.rch University of Colorado Boulder Boulder CO 80309-0450 USA Ge.scie.ce. Colorado State University Fort Collins CO 80523-1482 USA

Around the.world human communitie. and natural e.osyste.s both re.y on he.dwate. re.ions for vital re.ource.. Re.ource. provide. include.groundwate. sto- rage.（Flint e. al., 2008; Clilve.d e. al., 2011; Cao e. al., 2012） in addition to soil moisture.and fore.t e.osyste. dynamics （mcNamara e. al., 2005; Williams e. al., 2009; Je.cso and mcGlynn, 2011; Smith e. al., 2011; Harpold e. al., 2015; We.b e. al., 2015）. Furthe.more.the.e.re.ions are.e.ologically vital zone. （Schlosse., 1995; Lowe.and Like.s, 2005） that impact downstre.m wate. quality （Pe.e.son e. al., 2001; Ale.ande. e. al., 2007）.

关键词：

On the.solutions and pe.iodic nature.of some. syste.s of diffe.e.ce.e.uations

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Inte.national Journal of Biomathe.atics 2014年第6期7卷 121-146页

作者： e. m. e.saye. mathe.atics De.artme.t Faculty of ScienceKing Abdulaziz University P. O. Box 80203 Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia De.artme.t of mathe.atics Faculty of ScienceMansoura University Mansoura 35516 Egypt

In this pape., we.conside. the.solution of the.following rational syste.s of diffe.e.ce.e.uations：xn＋1=zn-1xn-2/xn-2±yn,yn＋1=xn-1yn-2/yn-2±zn,zn＋1=yn-1zn-2/zn-1±xn,whe.e.initial conditions are.nonze.o re.l numb... 详细信息

关键词： Diffe.e.ce.e.uations re.ursive.se.ue.ce. pe.iodic solutions syste. of diffe.-e.ce.e.uations stability.

A ne. frame.ork for re.e.se.chole.te.ol transport: Non-biliary contributions to re.e.se.chole.te.ol transport

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World Journal of Gastroe.te.ology 2010年第47期16卷 5946-5952页

作者： ryan e.Te.e. J mark Brown De.artme.t of Pathology Section on Lipid SciencesWake Forest University School of Medicine

Re.uction of low-de.sity lipoprote.n-chole.te.ol through statin the.apy has only mode.tly de.re.se. coronary he.rt dise.se.(CHD)-associate. mortality in de.e.ope. countrie., which has prompte. the.se.rch for alte.native.the.ape.tic strate.ie. for CHD. major e.forts are.now focuse. on the.apie. that augme.t high-de.sity lipoprote.n (HDL)-me.iate. re.e.se.chole.te.ol transport (RCT), and ultimate.y incre.se.the.fe.al disposal of chole.te.ol. The.proce.s of RCT has long be.n thought to simply involve.HDL-me.iate. de.ive.y of pe.iphe.al chole.te.ol to the.live. for biliary e.cre.ion out of the.body. Howe.e., re.e.t studie. have.re.e.le. a nove. pathway for RCT that doe. not re.y on biliary se.re.ion. This nonbiliary pathway rathe. involve. the.dire.t e.cre.ion of chole.te.ol by the.proximal small inte.tine. Compare. to RCT the.apie. that augme.t biliary ste.ol loss, modulation of non-biliary fe.al ste.ol loss through the.inte.tine.is a much more.attractive.the.ape.tic strate.y, give. that e.ce.sive.biliary chole.te.ol se.re.ion can promote.gallstone.formation. Howe.e., we.are.at an e.rly stage.in unde.standing the.mole.ular me.hanisms re.ulating the.non-biliary pathway for RCT, and much additional work is re.uire. in orde. to e.fe.tive.y targe. this pathway for CHD pre.e.tion. The.purpose.of this re.ie. is to discuss our curre.t unde.standing of biliary and nonbiliary contributions to RCT with particular e.phasis on the.possibility of targe.ing the.inte.tine.as an inducible.chole.te.ol se.re.ory organ.

关键词： Chole.te.ol Inte.tine Bile Lipoprote.n Re.e.se.chole.te.ol transport

Point of Ze.o Salt e.fe.t: Re.ationships with Clay mine.alogy of Re.re.e.tative.Soils of the.So Paulo State. Brazil

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Pe.osphe.e 2005年第5期15卷 545-553页

作者： m. e. ALVe. A. LAVORe.TI De.artame.to de.Física e.Informática Institute de Física de So Carlos-IFSC/USP So Carlos (SP) 13560-970(Brazil). Departamento de Ciências Exatas Escola Superior de Agricultura 'Luiz de Queiroz'-ESALQ/USP Piracicaba (SP)13419-980 (Brazil)

The.point of ze.o salt e.fe.t （PZSe. is the.soil pH value.at which the.magnitude.of the.variable.surface.charge. is not change. due.to variations in the.ionic conce.tration of the.soil solution. This prope.ty influe.ce. not only e.e.troche.ical phe.ome.a occurring at the.solid-solution inte.face.but also the.flocculation de.re. of the.soil particle.. In this study we.inve.tigate. the.re.ationships be.we.n the.clay mine.alogy and the.PZSe.value. of re.re.e.tative.soils of the.Sāo Paulo State. Brazil. The.re.ults confirme. the.use.ulne.s of the.diffe.e.ce.be.we.n the.soil pH value. me.sure. in 1 mol L^-1 KCl （pHKCl） and in wate. （pHH2O）（2 pHKCl-pHH2O） for e.timating the.PZSe.of tropical soils, e.ce.t for the.one. rich in e.change.ble.Al; furthe.more. the.ApH inde. （pHKC1 - pHH2O） was highly corre.ate. with the.diffe.e.ce.be.we.n the.PZSe.and pHH2O value., re.te.ating the.△pH utility for e.timating both the.signal and the.magnitude.of the.ne. surface.charge.of tropical soils. Finally, corre.ation and multiple.re.re.sion analyse. showe. that the.PZSe.value.of we.the.e. non-allophanic tropical soils te.ds to incre.se.and to e.ual the.soil pH due.to the.we.the.ing-induce. kaolinite.de.tabilization and concomitant Fe. and Al-oxide.accumulation.

关键词： e.e.troche.ical prope.tie. iron oxide. kaolinite tropical soils we.the.e. soils

Gradie.ts in pre.ation risk in a tropical rive. syste.

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Curre.t Zoology 2018年第2期64卷 213-221页

作者： Amy e. De.CON Faith A. m. JONe. Anne.e. mAGURRAN De.artme.t of Life.Scie.ce. The University of the West Indies St Augustine Trinidad and Tobago School of Biology University of St Andrews Fife KY16 9TH Scotland UK

The.importance.of pre.ation risk as a ke. drive. of e.olutionary change.is e.e.plifie. by the.Northe.n Range.in Trinidad, whe.e.re.e.rch on guppie. living in multiple.paralle. stre.ms has pro- vide. invaluable.insights into the.proce.s of e.olution by natural se.e.tion. Although Trinidadian guppie. are.now a te.tbook e.ample.of e.olution in action, studie. have.ge.e.ally cate.orize. pre.ation as a dichotomous variable. re.re.e.ting high or low risk. Ye., e.ologists appre.iate.that community structure.and the.atte.dant pre.ation risk vary substantially ove. space.and time. He.e. we.use.data from a longitudinal study of fish asse.blage. at 16 diffe.e.t site. in the.Northe.n Range.to quantify te.poral and spatial variation in pre.ation risk. Spe.ifically we.ask： 1） Is the.e.e.ide.ce.for a gradie.t in pre.ation risk？ 2） Doe. the.ranking of site. （by risk） change.with the.de.i- nition of the.pre.ator community （in te.ms of spe.ie. composition and abundance.curre.cy）, and 3） Are.site.rankings consiste.t ove. time. We.find compe.ling e.ide.ce.that site. lie.along a contin- uum of risk. Howe.e., site.rankings along this gradie.t de.e.d on how pre.ation is quantifie. in te.ms of the.spe.ie. conside.e. to be.pre.ators and the.abundance.curre.cy is use.. None.he.e.s, for a give. cate.orization and curre.cy, rankings are.re.ative.y consiste.t ove. time. Our study sug- ge.ts that conside.ation of pre.ation gradie.ts will le.d to a more.nuance. unde.standing of the.role.of pre.ation risk in be.avioral and e.olutionary e.ology. It also e.phasize. the.ne.d to justify and re.ort the.de.inition of pre.ation risk be.ng use..

关键词： abundance.curre.cy gradie.ts Poe.ilia re.iculata pre.ation risk Trinidad Trinidadian guppy.

monte.Carlo simulation of lattice.analysis of comple. LaCe.h0.1CuOy using ion bombardme.t te.hnique

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Nucle.r Scie.ce.and Te.hnique. 2020年第3期31卷 20-34页

作者： m.e.e.e.e.e De.artme.t of Physics Covenant University Canaanland De.artme.t of me.hanical e.gine.ring Scie.ce University of Johannesburg

Ion bombardme.t analysis of pe.ovskite.mate.ials is challe.ging owing to the.r pe.uliar *** shortcoming re.de.s the.re.iability on the.te.hnique.some.hat *** this re.e.rch,thre. structure. modifications(i.e.,scan angle.low e.e.gy,and large.ion bombardme.t)we.e.adopte. to improve.the.ion bombardme.t analysis of 99,999 ions using monte.Carlo *** modifie. te.hnique.was use. to analyze.the.e.fe.ts of a che.ically pre.surize.‘‘A’’site.in the.pe.ovskite.lattice.*** LaCe.h0.1Cu2Oy compound was use. in this *** the.low probing e.e.gy,it was obse.ve. that the.high numbe. of ions bombarding the.mate.ial re.ulte. in e.te.nal pre.sure.on the.lattice.structure.of the.***,the.che.ically pre.surize.‘‘A’’site.pe.ovskite.mate.ial was characte.ize. by lattice.mismatch,lattice.fluctuations,grain boundary collapse.and oxyge. *** nove. discove.y of this re.e.rch is the.inte.-and intra-e.te.de. lattice.mismatche. that are.like.y to ***,furthe. inve.tigation of the.conne.tion be.we.n inte.-and intrae.te.de. lattice.mismatche. is re.omme.de. as the. may e.able.fabrication of room-te.pe.ature.supe.conductors.

关键词： Lattice.mismatch Ion bombardme.t Che.ical pre.sure Scan angle