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Paleoecological Response of Corals to the End-Triassic mass Extinction： An Integrational Analysis

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Journal of Earth Science 2018年第4期29卷 879-885页

作者： george D Stanley jr.Hannah m E Shepherd Autumn J Robinson University of montana Paleontology Center Missoula MT 59812 USA

The end-Triassic （also Triassic-Jurassic） mass extinction severely affected life on planet Earth 200 million years ago. Paleoclimate change triggered by the volcanic eruptions of the Central Atlantic magmatic Province （CAmP） caused a great loss of marine biodiversity, among which 96% coral genera were get lost. However, there is precious little detail on the paleoecology and growth forms lost between the latest Triassic extinction and the Early Jurassic recovery. Here a new pilot study was conducted by analyzing corallite integration levels among corals from the latest Triassic and Early Jurassic times. Integration levels in corals from the Late Triassic and Early Jurassic were determined through both the Paleobiology Database as well as from a comprehensive museum collection of fossil corals. Results suggest that in addition to a major loss of diversity following the end-Triassic mass extinction, there also was a significant loss of highly integrated corals as clearly evidenced by the coral data from the Early Jurassic. This confirms our hypothesis of paleoecological selectivity for corals following the end-Triassic mass extinction. This study highlights the importance of assigning sim- ple to advanced paleoecological characters with integration levels, which opens a useful approach to understanding of mass extinction and the dynamics of the recovery.

关键词： coral loss integration level end-Triassic mass extinction paleoecology

Genetic assessment of inbred chicken lines indicates genomic signatures of resistance to marek's disease

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2018年第4期9卷 803-812页

作者： Lingyang Xu Yanghua He Yi Ding george E.Liu Huanmin Zhang Hans H.Cheng Robert L.Taylor jr. Jiuzhou Song Department of Animal & Avian Sciences University of Maryland Animal Genomics and Improvement Laboratory U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Services Laboratory of molecular Biology and Bovine Breeding Institute of Animal Science Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences United States Department of Agriculture-Agriculture Research Service (ARS) Avian Disease and Oncology Laboratory Animal and Nutritional Sciences Davis College of Agriculture West Virginia University

Background: marek’s disease(mD) is a highly contagious pathogenic and oncogenic disease primarily affecting chickens. However, the mechanisms of genetic resistance for mD are complex and not fully understood. mD-resistant line 63and mD-susceptible line 72are two highly inbred progenitor lines of white Leghorn. Recombinant Congenic Strains(RCS) were developed from these two lines, which show varied susceptibility to ***: we investigated genetic structure and genomic signatures across the genome, including the line 63and line72, six RCSs, and two reciprocally crossed flocks between the lines 63and 72(F1 63× 72and F1 72× 63) using Affymetrix~? Axiom~? HD 600 K genotyping array. we observed 18 chickens from RCS lines were specifically clustered into resistance sub-groups distributed around line 63. Additionally, homozygosity analysis was employed to explore potential genetic components related to mD resistance, while runs of homozygosity(ROH) are regions of the genome where the identical haplotypes are inherited from each parent. we found several genes including SIK, SOX1, LIG4, SIK1 and TNFSF13B were contained in ROH region identified in resistant group(line 63and RCS), and these genes have been reported that are contribute to immunology and survival. Based on FSTbased population differential analysis, we also identified important genes related to cell death and anti-apoptosis, including AKT1, API5, CDH13, CFDP and USP15,which could be involved in divergent selection during inbreeding ***: Our findings offer valuable insights for understanding the genetic mechanism of resistance to mD and the identified genes could be considered as candidate biomarkers in further evaluation.

关键词： Genetic structure Genomic signature Homozygosity marek's disease Recombinant Congenic Strains(RCS)

Comparison of sucrose intake and production of elimination spots among adult musca domestica, musca autumnalis, Phormia regina and Protophormia terraenovae

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亚太热带生物医学杂志：英文版 2016年第8期6卷 640-645页

作者： Ghada mohamed El-Bassiony John george Stoffolano jr Department of Entomology Faculty of Science Cairo University Stockbridge School of Agriculture University of Massachusetts

Objective: To compare the differences in intake and excretion between musca domestica and other three species from families muscidae and Calliphoridae which may help explaining the significance of house fly in the transmission of ***: The four adult species were supplied with two concentrations of sucrose via modified capillary feeder assay system. The two sucrose concentrations were applied to one adult male/each experiment and the elimination spots were counted. Using 0.25 mol/L sucrose + 0.25% bromophenol blue, one active non-starved male/cup was observed carefully for 1 h to record its behavior. As a growing medium used in bacterial transmission experiments, undiluted trypticase soy broth was used to feed 3-day-old females and males of musca domestica following two different diets upon emergence and the frequency of elimination spots was ***: The two musca species have half the weight of the two Phormia *** the volume of intake per hour, house fly took as much as the other species, all of which were larger. House fly produced twice, or more, the number of elimination spots/h than the other three species. Feeding the flies a sugar liquid diet resulted in producing more fecal spots than regurgitation spots. The male house flies produced less elimination spots/h when fed with trypticase soy broth than with the two sucrose ***: House flies eliminated more than the other examined fly species and most of these elimination events were defecation which implicates the fecal route for pathogen transmission by this important vector.

关键词： Regurgitation Defecation Non-hematophagous Diptera Pathogen transmission Food safety

Getting it Right in China

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China International Business 2006年第3期 40-41页

作者： HUBERT HSU george STALK jr.

many multinational corporations have succeeded in China; but just as many have failed. So how should an overseas company best approach the China market？

关键词：中国跨国公司中国市场大城市发展战略

Co-infection of hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients in New York City,United States

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world Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第43期14卷 6689-6693页

作者： Jong Hun Kim george Psevdos jr.Jin Suh Victoria Lee Sharp Department of medicine St.Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital CenterColumbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons1000 10th AveNew York 10019United States Center for Comprehensive Care St.Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital Center1000 10th AveSuite 2TNew York 10019United States Division of Infectious Diseases St.Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital CenterColumbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons1111 Amsterdam AveNew York 10025United States Center for Comprehensive Care St.Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital Center1000 10th AVer Suite 2TNew York 10019United States

AIm： To study the prevalence and risk factors associated with triple infection with human immunodeficiency virus （HIV）/hepatitis B virus （HBV）/hepatitis C virus （HCV） in an urban clinic population. mETHODS： Retrospective chart review of 5639 patients followed at St. Luke＇s-Roosevelt Hospital HIV Clinic （Center for Comprehensive Care） in New York City, USA from January 1999 to may 2007. The following demographic characteristics were analyzed： age, sex, race and HIV risk factors. A multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the influence of demographic factors on acquisition of these viruses. RESULTS： HIV/HBV, HIV/HCV and HIV/HBV/HCV infections were detected in 252/5639 （4.47%）, 1411/5639 （25.02%） and 89/5639 （1.58%） patients, respectively. HIV/HBV co-infections were associated with male gender （OR 1.711; P = 0.005）, black race （OR 2.091, P 〈 0.001）, men having sex with men （mSm）（OR 1.747, P = 0.001）, intravenous drug use （IDU）（OR 0.114, P 〈 0.001）, IDU and heterosexual activity （OR 0.247; P = 0.018）, or unknown （OR 1.984, P = 0.004）.HIV/HCV co-infections were associated with male gender （OR 1.241; P = 0.011）, black race （OR 0.788; P = 0.036）, mSm （OR 0.565; P 〈 0.001）, IDU （OR 8.956; P 〈 0.001）, IDU and heterosexual activity （OR 9.106; P 〈 0.001）, IDU and mSm （OR 9.179; P 〈 0.001）, or transfusion （OR 3.224; P 〈 0.001）. HIV/HBV/HCV coinfections were associated with male gender （OR 2.156; P = 0.015）, IDU （OR 6.345; P 〈 0.001）, IDU and heterosexual activity （OR 9.731; P 〈 0.001）, IDU and mSm （OR 9.228; P 〈 0.001）, or unknown （OR 4.219; P = 0.007）. CONCLUSION： Our study demonstrates that coinfection with HBV/HCV/HIV is significantly associated with IDU. These results highlight the need to intensify education and optimal models of integrated care, particularly for populations with IDU, to reduce the risk of viral transmission.

关键词： Prevalence Demographics Human immunodeficiency virus Hepatitis B Hepatitis C

A phased approach to enable hybrid simulation of complex structures

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2014年第S1期13卷 63-77页

作者： Billie F.Spencer jr. Chia-ming Chang Thomas m.Frankie Daniel A.Kuchma Pedro F.Silva Adel E.Abdelnaby Department of Civil Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Nathan m.& Anne m.Newmark Endowed Chair Earthquake Engineering Research &Test Center Guangzhou University Associate Professor wiss JanneyElstner AssociatesInc. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering George Washington University Department of Civil Engineering University of Memphis Assistant Professor

Hybrid simulation has been shown to be a cost-effective approach for assessing the seismic performance of structures. In hybrid simulation,critical parts of a structure are physically tested,while the remaining portions of the system are concurrently simulated computationally,typically using a finite element model. This combination is realized through a numerical time-integration scheme,which allows for investigation of full system-level responses of a structure in a cost-effective manner. However,conducting hybrid simulation of complex structures within large-scale testing facilities presents significant challenges. For example,the chosen modeling scheme may create numerical inaccuracies or even result in unstable simulations; the displacement and force capacity of the experimental system can be exceeded; and a hybrid test may be terminated due to poor communication between modules(e.g.,loading controllers,data acquisition systems,simulation coordinator). These problems can cause the simulation to stop suddenly,and in some cases can even result in damage to the experimental specimens; the end result can be failure of the entire experiment. This study proposes a phased approach to hybrid simulation that can validate all of the hybrid simulation components and ensure the integrity largescale hybrid simulation. In this approach,a series of hybrid simulations employing numerical components and small-scale experimental components are examined to establish this preparedness for the large-scale experiment. This validation program is incorporated into an existing,mature hybrid simulation framework,which is currently utilized in the multi-Axial Full-Scale Sub-Structuring Testing and Simulation(mUST-SIm) facility of the george E. Brown Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation(NEES) equipment site at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. A hybrid simulation of a four-span curved bridge is presented as an example,in which three piers are experimentally controlle

关键词： hybrid simulation seismic performance evaluation phased approach curved bridge mUST-SIm facility

Outcomes Associated with a Screening and Treatment Pathway for Occult Hypoperfusion Following Cardiac Surgery

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world Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery 2013年第2期3卷 34-41页

作者： Ran Xu Greg A. Laine BeeBee Y. Hu R. Thomas Solis Arthur w. Bracey jr. James m. wilson Amy R. miclat Susan Baimbridge george J. Reul jr. Comprehensive Pharmacy Services St Luke’s The Woodlands Hospital The Woodlands USA St Luke’s Episcopal Hospital Houston USA Texas Heart Institute Houston USA

Introduction: Routinely monitored parameters such as blood pressure (BP) and heart rate may not reliably detect per- fusion abnormalities. However, central venous oxygen saturation (ScvO2) and lactate levels can detect occult hypoper- fusion (OH) and identify patients at risk for complications. The study objective was to assess the impact of an OH treatment pathway on morbidity and length of stay (LOS) post coronary bypass and valve surgery. methods: This is a prospective cohort observational study following the implementation of a treatment pathway for OH, defined by ScvO2 2 mmol/L with systolic BP ≥ 90 mmHg. Initial treatment included volume resuscitation and/or blood transfusion, followed by additional interventions when ScvO2 remained hours postoperatively. Primary outcomes were intensive care unit (ICU)/hospital LOS and complications. Results: Comparing 53 patients managed by the OH pathway against 21 historical controls, median ICU LOS was 40.4 vs. 49.2 hours (p = 0.122), median hospital LOS 9.2 vs. 11.0 days (p = 0.0093), ICU readmission rate 7.5% vs. 28.6% (p = 0.026), and complication rate 26.4% vs. 47.6% (p = 0.101). Repeat lactate was checked 18 hours postoperatively in 47 of the 53 patients. Comparing 33 patients with repeat lactate at goal ( 2 mmoL/L) with 14 patients not at goal, median ICU LOS was 35.3 vs. 68.4 hours (p = 0.061), median hospital LOS 8.9 vs. 11.2 days (p = 0.058), median length of mechanical ventilation (LOmV) 13.3 vs. 28.4 hours (p = 0.0038), and complication rate 15.2% vs. 50.0% (p = 0.025). Conclusions: An OH screening and treatment pathway following cardiovascular surgery was associated with signifi- cantly shorter hospital LOS and lower ICU readmission rate. Among the OH pathway patients, achieving lactate goal 18 hours postoperatively was associated with significantly shorter LOmV and lower complication rate.

关键词： Occult Hypoperfusion Cardiovascular Surgery Lactate Central Venous Oxygen Saturation Outcomes

The effectiveness of the department of defense's field manual 3-11 in detecting,deterring and degrading the breach of a combat base by a human-borne with bioagent(HBBA):perceptions of security personnel

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Journal of medical Colleges of PLA(China) 2016年第2期31卷 66-72页

作者： george Edafese Alakpa John w.Collins jr Department of Professional Security Studies New Jersey City University

Background: The department of defense's field manual(Fm) 3-11 is among the military's field manuals for preparing for, reacting to and recovering from chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear attacks. Since post 9-11, U.S. military service members have been deployed in the global war on terrorism. This study attempted to determine the effectiveness of the Fm 3-11 in detecting, deterring or preventing a human-borne with bioagent(HBBA) terrorist breach at an entry control point(ECP).methods: This time-specific, cross-sectional study disseminated a validated survey tool with Cronbach's α>0.82 to respondents who have had antiterrorism training and combat ECP experience. The return rate was greater than 75.0%; however, many of the respondents failed to meet the inclusion criteria. Consequently, only 26 questionnaires were included in the ***: The results revealed that while over 60.0% of the respondents either strongly agreed or agreed that biointelligence, the deployment of biodetectors and the use of biowarning systems could be effective in preventing an ECP breach by a terrorist with a bioagent, the use of protective equipment and immunization to decontaminate service members or other tactics, techniques and procedures(TTPs) would never prevent a breach. A large percentage of respondents claimed that soldiers at the ECP lacked the devices or the knowledge to detect an HBBA at an ECP, and 72.0% suggested modifying current ECP TTPs to include education, training and equipment for security personnel at military base ***: If obtained from appropriate sources and communicated to the personnel at the ECP in an effective or timely manner, the possible effectiveness of certain TTPs in the Fm 3-11, specifically Fm 3-11.86(intelligence), might increase.

关键词： Do D Fm 3-11 Bioterrorism Breach of Combat ECP HBBA terrorist Security personnel Perception

The possibility of a human-borne with bioagent terrorist at foreign Forward Operating Bases entry control point:the perceptions of U.S. military or security personnel,a preliminary report

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Journal of medical Colleges of PLA(China) 2016年第1期31卷 22-27页

作者： george Edafese Alakpa John w.Collins jr Department of Professional Security Studies New Jersey City University

Background:The global war on terrorism has prompted an increase in the deployment of security personnel from multi-national forces on foreign lands,especially in places where known terrorist groups are *** aim of this study was to obtain *** and security personnel's perceptions of the possibility of encountering a humanborne with bioagent(HBBA) terrorist at an entry control point(ECP).methods:This study was a mixed-method,cross-sectional,survey-based,time-limited study.A validated,five-option Likert scale questionnaire with Cronbach's alphas of 0.82 and 0.894 for Constructs 1 and 2 was distributed to over 113 respondents with combat ***:The results indicated that 92.3% of the respondents thought it was possible for a terrorist to employ a biological agent to cause terror; 61.5% claimed it was either possible or very possible,and 26.9% claimed it was somewhat possible for a terrorist carrying a biological agent to successfully breach a combat Forward Operating Bases(FOB) ECP undetected.26.9% of the respondents agreed that "ECP soldiers are knowledgeable about bioagents(BA)",only 15.4% responded that ECP soldiers have effective devices for detecting a BA on a terrorist at an ***:Despite some limitations,this pre-study tends to indicate that while many *** or security personnel acknowledge the possibility of an HBBA terrorist breach and the vulnerability of *** post ECPs to a BA breach,the soldiers at the ECPs lack adequate knowledge or devices to effectively detect a BA on a terrorist at an ECP.

关键词： Human-borne with bioagent(HBBA) terrorist Bioterrorism Combat post ECP