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Temperature and structure measurements of heavy-ion-heated diamond using in situ X-ray diagnostics

matter and Radiation at Extremes 2024年第4期9卷 80-89页

作者： J.Lutgert P.Hesselbach m.schorner V.Bagnoud R.Belikov P.Drechsel B.Heuser O.SHumphries P.Katrik B.Lindqvist C.Qu R.Redmer D.Riley G.schaumann S.schumacher A.Tauschwitz D.Varentsov K.Weyrich X.Yu B.Zielbauer Zs.major P.Neumayer D.Kraus Institut fur Physik Universitat RostockAlbert-Einstein-Str.2318059 RostockGermany GSI Helmholtzzentrum fur schwerionenforschung Planckstr.164291 DarmstadtGermany Institut für Angewandte Physik Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am MainMax-von-Laue-Str.160438 Frankfurt am MainGermany Institut fur Geowissenschaften Goethe-Universitat Frankfurt am MainAltenhoferallee 160438 Frankfurt am MainGermany Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf Bautzner Landstr.40001328 DresdenGermany European XFEL GmbH Holzkoppel 422869 SchenefeldGermany Centre for Plasma Physics School of Mathematics and PhysicsQueen’s University BelfastUniversity RoadBelfast BT71NNUnited Kingdom Institut für Kernphysik Technische Universität DarmstadtSchlossgartenstr.964289 DarmstadtGermany State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology Institute of Heavy Ion PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Helmholtz Institut Jena Frobelstieg 307743 JenaGermany

We present in situ measurements of spectrally resolved X-ray scattering and X-ray diffraction from monocrystalline diamond samples heatedwith an intense pulse of heavy *** this way,we determine the samples’heating dynamics and their microscopic and macroscopic structuralintegrity over a timespan of several *** the ratio of elastic to inelastic scattering with state-of-the-art density functionaltheory molecular dynamics simulations allows the inference of average temperatures around 1300 K,in agreement with predictions fromstopping power *** simultaneous diffraction measurements show no hints of any volumetric graphitization of the material,butdo indicate the onset of fracture in the diamond *** experiments pave the way for future studies at the Facility for Antiproton andIon Research,where a substantially increased intensity of the heavy ion beam will be available.

关键词： heated intense structure

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Observation of a highly conductive warm dense state of water with ultrafast pump–probe freeelectron-laser measurements

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matter and Radiation at Extremes 2021年第5期6卷 1-12页

作者： Z.Chen X.Na C.B.Curry S.Liang m.French A.Descamps D.P.DePonte J.D.Koralek J.B.Kim S.Lebovitz m.Nakatsutsumi B.K.Ofori-Okai R.Redmer C.Roedel m.schörner S.Skruszewicz P.Sperling S.Toleikis m.Z.mo S.H.Glenzer SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Menlo ParkCalifornia 94025USA University of Alberta EdmontonAlberta T6G 1H9Canada Institute of Physics University of RostockD-18051 RostockGermany Aeronautics and Astronautics Department Stanford UniversityStanfordCalifornia 94305USA Northwestern University EvanstonIllinois 60208USA European XFEL 22869 SchenefeldGermany Friedrich schiller University Jena 07743 JenaGermany Technical University Darmstadt 64289 DarmstadtGermany Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY 22607 HamburgGermany

The electrical conductivity of water under extreme temperatures and densities plays a central role in modeling planetary magnetic *** data are vital to test theories of high-energy-densitywater and assess the possible development and presence of extraterrestrial *** states are also important in biology and chemistry studies when specimens in water are confined and excited using ultrafast optical or free-electron lasers(FELs).Here we utilize femtosecond optical lasers to measure the transient reflection and transmission of ultrathin water sheet samples uniformly heated by a 13.6 nm FEL approaching a highly conducting state at electron temperatures exceeding 20000 *** experiment probes the trajectory ofwater through the high-energy-density phase space and provides insights into changes in the index of refraction,charge carrier densities,andACelectrical conductivity at optical *** excitation energy densities exceeding 10mJ/kg,the index of refraction falls to n0.7,and the thermally excited free-carrier density reaches ne531027 m−3,which is over an order of magnitude higher than that of the electron carriers produced by direct *** specular reflection is observed owing to critical electron density shielding of electromagnetic *** optical conductivity reaches 23104 S/m,a value that is one to two orders of magnitude lower than those of simplemetals in a liquid *** electron temperatures below 15000 K,the experimental results agreewell with the theoretical calculations using density-functional theory/molecular-dynamics *** increasing temperature,the electron density increases and the system approaches a Fermi *** this regime,the conductivities agree better with predictions from the Ziman theory of liquid metals.

关键词： pump exceeding state

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Exploring visual quality of multidimensional time series projections

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Visual Informatics 2024年第2期8卷 27-42页

作者： Tanja munz-Körner Daniel Weiskopf Visualization Research Center(VISUS) University of StuttgartAllmandring 19StuttgartGermany

Dimensionality reduction is often used to project time series data from multidimensional to two-dimensional space to generate visual representations of the temporal *** this context,we address the problem of multidimensional time series visualization by presenting a new method to show and handle projection errors introduced by dimensionality reduction techniques on multidimensional temporal *** visualization,subsequent time instances are rendered as dots that are connected by lines or curves to indicate the temporal ***,inevitable projection artifacts may lead to poor visualization quality and misinterpretation of the temporal *** projected data points,inaccurate variations in the distances between projected time instances,and intersections of connecting lines could lead to wrong assumptions about the original *** adapt local and global quality metrics to measure the visual quality along the projected time series,and we introduce a model to assess the projection error at intersecting *** serve as a basis for our new uncertainty visualization techniques that use different visual encodings and interactions to indicate,communicate,and work with the visualization uncertainty from projection errors and artifacts along the timeline of data points,their connections,and *** approach is agnostic to the projection method and works for linear and non-linear dimensionality reduction methods alike.

关键词： Time series multidimensional data Dimensionality reduction Projection errors Visual quality Visual analytics

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Dysfunction of the adhesion G protein-coupled receptor latrophilin 1(ADGRL1/LPHN1)increases the risk of obesity

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第5期9卷 2298-2311页

作者： Heba ZabriTorsten schöneberg AndréNguyen Dietzsch Hadi Al-Hasani Joachim Altschmied Katharina Bottermann Jana Brendler Judith Haendeler Susanne Horn Isabell Kaczmarek Antje Körner Kerstin Krause Kathrin Landgraf Diana Le Duc Laura Lehmann Stefan Lehr Stephanie Pick Albert Ricken Rene schnorr Angela schulz martina Strnadová Akhil Velluva Heba Zabri Torsten schöneberg Doreen Thor Simone Prömel Rudolf schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry Medical FacultyLeipzig UniversityLeipzigGermany Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry Medical FacultyGerman Diabetes CenterLeibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany German Center for Diabetes Research(DZD e.V.) Munich-NeuherbergGermany Cardiovascular Degeneration Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory DiagnosticsMedical FacultyUniversity Hospital and Heinrich Heine University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany Cardiovascular Research Institute(CARID) Medical FacultyUniversity Hospital and Heinrich Heine University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany Institute of Pharmacology Medical FacultyUniversity Hospital and Heinrich Heine University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany Institute of Anatomy Medical FacultyLeipzig UniversityLeipzigGermany Center for Pediatric Research Hospital for Children and AdolescentsMedical FacultyLeipzig UniversityLeipzigGermany Helmholtz Institute for metabolic Obesity and Vascular Research(HI-MAG)of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital LeipzigLeipzigGermany Department of Endocrinology NephrologyRheumatologyLeipzig University Medical CenterLeipzigGermany Institute of Human Genetics Leipzig University Medical CenterLeipzigGermany Institute of Cell Biology Department of BiologyHeinrich Heine University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany school of medicine University of Global Health EquityKigaliRwanda

Obesity is one of the diseases with severe health consequences and rapidly increasing worldwide *** the complex network of food intake and energy balance regulation is an essential prerequisite for pharmacological intervention with obesity.G protein-coupled receptors(GPCRs)are among the main modulators of metabolism and energy ***,for instance,regulate appetite and satiety in certain hypothalamic neurons,as well as glucose and lipid metabolism and hormone secretion from *** in some GPCRs,such as the melanocortin receptor type 4(mC4R),have been associated with early-onset ***,we identified the adhesion GPCR latrophilin 1(ADGRL1/LPHN1)as a member of the regulating network governing food intake and the maintenance of energy *** of the highly conserved receptor in mice results in increased food consumption and severe obesity,accompanied by dysregulation of glucose ***,we identified a partially inactivating mutation in human ADGRL1/LPHN1 in a patient suffering from ***,we propose that LPHN1 dysfunction is a risk factor for obesity development.

关键词： obesity metabolism intake

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Blockchain privacy and regulatory compliance:Towards a practical equilibrium

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Blockchain(Research and Applications) 2024年第1期5卷 1-9页

作者： Vitalik Buterin Jacob Illum matthias Nadler Fabian schär Ameen Soleimani Ethereum Foundation Switzerland Chainalysis United States of America University of Basel Switzerland Privacy Pools United States of America

We study Privacy Pools,a novel smart contract-based privacy-enhancing *** protocol introduces a mechanism for users to reveal certain properties of their transaction without having to reveal the transaction *** core concept involves allowing users to publish a zero-knowledge proof,demonstrating that their funds(do not)originate from known(un-)lawful sources,without publicly revealing their entire transaction *** is achieved by proving membership in custom association sets,which are designed to demonstrate compliance with regulatory frameworks or social *** illustrate how this mechanism can create a separating equilibrium between compliant and non-compliant *** work describes the technical underpinnings,incentives,and broader implications of this mechanism,highlighting how Privacy Pools-like protocols can create more private yet compliant blockchain transactions.

关键词： Blockchain Privacy Regulation Smart contracts Zero-knowledge proofs

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Diagenetic history and porosity evolution of the middle Permian clastic-carbonate mixed system,Indus Basin,Pakistan:Implications for reservoir development

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Energy Geoscience 2024年第4期5卷 156-173页

作者： Bilal Wadood Suleman Khan michael Wagreich Torsten Vennemann Hong Li matee Ullah Katerina schöpfer Department of Geology University of SwabiAnbar-Swabi23561Pakistan State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics Department of GeologyNorthwest UniversityXi'an710069China Department of Geology University of ViennaViennaA-1090Austria Department of Geology University of PeshawarPeshawar25120Pakistan Institute of Earth Surface Dynamics University of LausanneLausanneCH-1015Switzerland Department of Lithospheric Research University of ViennaViennaA-1090Austria

This study deals with unraveling the diagenesis-induced porosity evolution in a mixed clastic-carbonate sequence of the middle Permian Indus Basin,*** data sets including outcrop,petrography,cathodoluminescence,scanning electron microscopy(SEm),mineralogy,and geochemical isotopic compositions were integrated to establish a link between porosity evolution and *** spatial thickness and facies variations of the strata at outcrop scale are inherently controlled by the underlying bathymetry of the basin with deepening westward *** low values ofδ^(18)O of the target strata,relative to average values of the Permian carbonate,hints to diagenetic alteration in the *** data sets used in this study reveal modification of the strata in four environments,that is,i)early marine diagenesis indicated by micritization,pervasive dolomitization and isopachous fibrous cements,followed by ii)meteoric dissolution,and iii)shallow burial diagenetic processes including the precipitation of blocky cement,compaction of skeletal and non-skeletal allochems,and stylolites,and iv)a deep burial environment,characterized by pressure solution,and *** clastic intervals host subangular to subrounded quartz grains,floating textures,and almost complete absence of deleterious clay minerals,consequently resulting in the preservation of primary *** primary porosity of carbonate intervals is preserved in the form of intercrystalline and intracrystalline *** secondary porosity evolved through various diagenetic phases in the form of fractures and *** diagenetic solution mediated by organic matter in carbonates may have experienced both bacterial decomposition and thermochemical sulfate reduction,precipitating sulfides within the *** plug porosity/permeability analyses generally suggest high porosity in the siliciclastic unit,and carbonates with wackestone fabric while lower values were observed for the inner shelf pure

关键词： Reservoir Diagenesis Porosity Permian Indus Basin

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DPY19L3 promotes vasculogenicmimicry by its C-mannosyltransferase activity

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Oncology Research 2024年第4期32卷 607-614页

作者： HASSAN BAYDOUN YUJI KATO HIROKI KAmO ANNA HÜsch HAYATO mIZUTA RYOTA KAWAHARA SIRO SImIZU Department of Applied Chemistry Faculty of Science and TechnologyKeio UniversityYokohama223-8522Japan Department of Pharmacy and Biochemistry Faculty of ScienceUniversity of TübingenTübingen72074Germany

C-mannosylation is a post-translational modification that occurs intracellularly in the endoplasmic *** humans,biosynthesis of C-mannosylation in proteins containing thrombospondin type 1 repeat is catalyzed by the DPY19 family;nonetheless,biological functions of protein C-mannosylation are not yet fully understood,especially in tumor *** mimicry(Vm)is the formation of fluid-conducting channels by highly invasive and genetically deregulated tumor cells,enabling the tumors to form matrix-embedded vasculogenic structures,containing plasma and blood cells to meet the metabolic demands of rapidly growing *** this study,we focused on DPY19L3,a C-mannosyltransferase,and aimed to unravel its role in *** of DPY19L3 inhibited the formation of Vm in HT1080 human fibrosarcoma ***-expression of wild-type DPY19L3 recovered Vm formation;however,DPY19L3 isoform2,an enzymatic activity-defect mutant,did not restore it,suggesting that the C-mannosyltransferase activity of DPY19L3 is crucial to its ***,the knockdown of DPY19L3 in mDA-mB-231 breast cancer cells hindered its network formation ***,our findings suggest that DPY19L3 is required for Vm formation and stipulate the relevance of C-mannosylation in oncogenesis.

关键词： C-mannosylation Vasculogenic mimicry DPY19L3

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Endoscopic submucosal dissection and endoscopic mucosal resection for esophageal and gastric lesions:A comparison of procedures

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Laparoscopic, Endoscopic and Robotic Surgery 2024年第2期7卷 66-71页

作者： Gustav Holm.schæbel Andreas Weise mucha Charlotte Egeland michael Patrick Achiam Department of Surgery and Transplantation Copenhagen University Hospital RigshospitaletBlegdamsvej 92100 CopenhagenDenmark

Objective Esophageal and gastric lesions are effectively managed with minimally invasive upper endoscopic procedures such as endoscopic mucosa resection(EmR)and endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD),offering patients alternatives to invasive *** ESD is well established in Eastern Asia,its adoption in Denmark for superficial esophageal cancer is *** study presents real-world data on the feasibility,safety,and hospitalization duration associated with ESD and EmR for esophageal and gastric *** A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients who underwent ESD or EmR at a specialized center in Denmark from October 2016 to June *** on treatment,indication,lesion location,hospitalization duration,procedure duration,specimen size,complications,recurrence,and one-year overall survival were *** comparisons utilized the mann-Whitney U test,independent sample median test,and chi-squared *** The study included 130 patients(144 procedures):72 underwent ESD and 58 underwent *** with EmR,ESD resulted in greater percentages of en bloc and R0 resections(98.8%vs.64.1%,pmplication rates(28.7%vs.3.1%,pmes(119.5 min vs.37.0 min,pme significantly decreased over time(p=0.01).The local recurrence rates were 14.5%for ESD and 23.8%for EmR(p=0.767).The one-year overall survival rates were similar between the groups(95.8%vs.94.8%,p=0.553).Conclusion Both ESD and EmR are safe and viable for treating esophageal and gastric *** offers advantages but requires more time and *** findings support the literature,emphasizing the importance of considering patient-specific factors and surgeon proficiency in selecting the appropriate procedure.

关键词： Endoscopic submucosal dissection Endoscopic mucosa resection Gastroesophageal cancer Real-world data

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Degeneration of foundation cushion species induced by ecological constraints can cause massive changes in alpine plant communities

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2024年第4期67卷 789-802页

作者： Jianguo Chen Xufang Chen Lishen Qian Yazhou Zhang Bo Li Honghua Shi Lu Sun Christian schöb Hang Sun Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650201China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China College of Resources and Environment Yunnan Agricultural UniversityKunming 650500China Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación Universidad Rey Juan CarlosMóstoles 28933Spain

Foundational cushion plants can re-organize community structures and sustain a prominent proportion of alpine biodiversity,but they are sensitive to climate *** loss of cushion species can have broad consequences for associated *** potential plant community changes with the population dynamics of cushion plants remain,however,*** eight plant communities along a climatic and community successional gradient,we assessed cushion population dynamics,the underlying ecological constraints and hence associated plant community changes in alpine communities dominated by the foundational cushion plant Arenaria *** population dynamics of Arenaria are attributed to ecological constraints at a series of life history *** functions are constrained by increasing associated beneficiary plants;subsequent seedling establishment is constrained by temperature,water and light availability,extreme climate events,and interspecific competition;strong competitive exclusion may accelerate mortality and degeneration of cushion *** with cushion dynamics,species composition,abundance and community structure gradually *** cushion plants completely degenerate,previously cushion-dominated communities shift to relatively stable communities that are overwhelmingly dominated by *** warming may accelerate the degeneration process of *** of this foundational cushion plant will possibly induce massive changes in alpine plant communities and hence ecosystem functions in alpine *** assessment of the population dynamics of foundation species is critical for an effective conservation of alpine biodiversity.

关键词： alpine ecosystem biodiversity change climate change plant community dynamics foundation species global warming population dynamics

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Removal of endocrine disrupting chemicals from water through urethane functionalization of microfiltration membranes via electron beam irradiation

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第4期18卷 61-74页

作者： Zahra Niavarani Daniel Breite muhammad Yasir Vladimir Sedlarik Andrea Prager Nadja schönherr Bernd Abel Roger Gläser Agnes schulze Leibniz Institute of Surface Engineering eV.(IOm) Permoserstrasse 1504318 LeipzigGermany Centre of Polymer Systems University InstituteTomas Bata University in ZlinTrida Tomase Bati 567876001 ZlinCzech Republic Institute of Chemical Technology Leipzig UniversityLinnestrasse 304103 LeipzigGermany

Polyethersulphone(PES)membranes modified with urethane functional groups were prepared through an interfacial reaction using electron beam *** removal of eight endocrine disrupting chemicals(EDCs)was studied using both pristine and functionalized PES *** prepared membranes underwent characterization using several techniques,including attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared(ATR-FTIR)spectroscopy,scanning electron microscopy,contact angle analysis,and measurements of pure water ***,dynamic adsorption experiments were conducted to evaluate the adsorption mechanism of the prepared membrane toward the eight *** urethane functionalized membranes were hydrophilic(52°contact angle)and maintained a high permeate flux(26000 L/h m^(2) bar)throughout the filtration *** adsorption results demonstrated that the introduction of urethane functional groups on the membranes significantly enhanced the removal efficiency of 17β-estradiol,estriol,bisphenol A,estrone,ethinylestradiol,and *** adsorption loading of 17β-estradiol on the functionalized PES membrane was 6.7±0.7 mg/m^(2),exhibiting a 5-fold increase compared to the unmodified PES *** membranes were successfully regenerated and reused for three adsorption cycles without experiencing any loss of adsorption capacity.

关键词： Surface functionalization Electron beam irradiation microfiltration Endocrine disrupting chemicals

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