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Using Host-Specificity of Cryptosporidium to Understand Contaminant Sources, Seasonality, and Human Health Risk in Three Watersheds of Differing Land-Use

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2016年第3期7卷 372-381页

作者： Janis L. Thomas Katarina D. m. Pintar Peter m. Wallis norman F. Neumann Environmental monitoring and Reporting Branch Ontario Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change Toronto Canada Centre for Food-Borne Environmental and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (CFEZID) Public Health Agency of Canada Ottawa Canada Hyperion Research Ltd. Medicine Hat Canada School of Public Health University of Alberta Edmonton Canada

Three tributaries of the Grand River watershed (Ontario, Canada), each representing different watershed types (urban, agricultural/rural, and mixed land-use) were examined to understand the spatial, temporal, and host-source distribution of the waterborne pathogen, Cryptosporidium. Cryptosporidium was frequently found throughout the study (73%, 65/89) with occurrence and concentrations observed to be similar among the varying watershed types. However, applying advanced genotyping techniques, marked differences in dominant host sources could be observed in each watershed. The agricultural/rural and mixed land-use watersheds were dominated by genotypes typically associated with cattle (i.e., C. andersoni), while the urban watershed had the highest diversity of Cryptosporidium genotypes with a variety of wildlife as the common source of contamination (e.g., muskrat and cervine genotypes). A similar seasonal trend observed in the urban, agricultural, and mixed land-use watershed suggests that factors beyond specific land use activities (e.g. autumn manure spreading) may influence the timing and concentration of Cryptosporidium in these streams. Corresponding genotyping results provided additional insight into source inputs during these seasonal peaks, indicating that wildlife may be important seasonal contributors to Cryptosporidium contamination in these streams. Despite the abundance of Cryptosporidium in these watersheds, most of the genotypes observed were of limited human health importance. This study provides evidence regarding the significance of including genotyping results into studies examining waterborne Cryptosporidium. Using this technique can provide a greater understanding of the risk to the population using water sources, as well as provide insight into the probable sources and timing of contamination. This ancillary information can contribute to implementation of targeted management strategies to further protect sources of drinking water and recreation

关键词： Cryptosporidium Genotyping Source Tracking Health Risk Water Contamination

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Reduction of Internal Standard Signals in Quantitative mALDI-TOF mass Spectrometry

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Journal of Analytical Sciences, methods and Instrumentation 2012年第3期2卷 120-125页

作者： Walter B. Wilson Dickson m. Wambua norman H. L. Chiu Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of North Carolina at Greensboro Greensboro USA Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of North Carolina at Greensboro Greensboro USA 2Department of Nanoscience Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering Greensboro USA. Department of Nanoscience Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering Greensboro USA.

The advantages of combining qualitative and quantitative analysis on a single analytical technique have further extended the applications of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (mALDI-TOF mS) to the quantitation of various biomolecules. To achieve absolute quantitation, it is necessary to perform a calibration with standard dilutions. For the purpose of measuring DNA samples, a pure DNA oligonucleotide at different concentrations was chosen as a standard to perform the calibration of mALDI-TOF mS. In order to overcome the variation of signal intensity from repeated measurements of each DNA standard dilution, fixed amount of an internal standard was added into each DNA standard dilution. Instead of maintaining at a constant level, the signals of fixed amount of internal standard were decreased 73% from its initial level while the signals of DNA standard continued to increase within a linear dynamic range for quantitation from 0.20 μm to 12.5 μm of DNA. Attempts to identify the cause of signal reduction were systematically carried out. This is the first report on the extent of signal reduction in quantitative mALDI-TOF mS. These results represent a limitation on using mALDI-TOF mS to monitor the changes in concentration of two different compounds within a chemical or biological system.

关键词： mALDI mass Spectrometry Quantitation

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moonfire

Moonfire

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作者： (author.)mailer norman mcCann Colum. Schiller Lawrence.

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Constitutive STAT3 phosphorylation and IL-6/IL-10 co-expression are associated with impaired T-cell function in tuberculosis patients

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Cellular & molecular Immunology 2019年第3期16卷 275-287页

作者： Kirstin Harling Ernest Adankwah Alptekin Güler Anthony Afum-Adjei Awuah Louis Adu-Amoah Ertan mayatepek Ellis Owusu-Dabo norman Nausch marc Jacobsen Department of General Pediatrics Neonatologyand Pediatric CardiologyUniversity Children’s HospitalDuesseldorf 40225Germany Kumasi Centre for collaborative Research in Tropical medicine(KCCR) KumasiGhana School of Public Health College of Health SciencesKwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology(KNUST)KumasiGhana

T-cells critically contribute to protection against mycobacterium tuberculosis infection,and impaired T-cell responses can lead to disease ***-inflammatory and immunosuppressive cytokines affect T-cells,and fine-tuned regulation of cytokine signaling via the Jak/STAT signaling pathways is crucial for appropriate T-cell *** STAT3 phosphorylation as a consequence of aberrant cytokine signaling has been described to occur in pathognomonic T-cell responses in inflammatory and autoimmune *** characterized blood samples from tuberculosis patients(n=28)and healthy contacts(n=28)from Ghana for ***-specific T-cell responses,constitutive cytokine production,and SOCS3 and pSTAT3 *** modulation of primary CD4+T-cells was performed to determine the effects of SOCS3 on T-cell functions.T-cells from tuberculosis patients expressed higher levels of IL-10 and IL-6 and lower levels of T helper type(TH)17 cytokines after ***-specific stimulation compared to healthy *** addition,tuberculosis patients had higher IL-10 and IL-6 levels in the supernatants of non-stimulated immune cells and plasma samples compared to healthy ***,aberrant cytokine expression was accompanied by high constitutive pSTAT3 levels and SOCS3 expression in *** analysis identified an IL-6/IL-10 co-expression-based principal component in tuberculosis patients that correlated with high pSTAT3 ***3 contributed to a regulatory component,and tuberculosis patients with high SOCS3 expression showed decreased TH1 cytokine expression and impaired IL-2-induced STAT5 ***3 over-expression in primary CD4+T-cells confirmed the SOCS3 inhibitory function on IL-2-induced STAT5 *** conclude that constitutive pSTAT3 and high SOCS3 expression are influential factors that indicate impaired T-cell functions in tuberculosis patients.

关键词： tuberculosis Interleukin-6 Interleukin-10 STAT3 SOCS3

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CARE试验:雷米普利用于11100例患者的上市后评价

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中国医药导刊 2000年第2期2卷 23-28页

作者： norman m.Kaplan CARE试验(the clinical altace real-world efficacy)

为验证血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂雷米普利的疗效和安全性,以及将其临床试验的结果用于广泛的治疗实践,我们开展了该药上市后的调查。共有11 100位由临床初级诊疗医师诊治的轻中度高血压患者被选入这项为期8周的开放研究。雷米普利起始剂量... 详细信息

为验证血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂雷米普利的疗效和安全性,以及将其临床试验的结果用于广泛的治疗实践,我们开展了该药上市后的调查。共有11 100位由临床初级诊疗医师诊治的轻中度高血压患者被选入这项为期8周的开放研究。雷米普利起始剂量从2.5mg每天1次开始调整直至达到目标血压。从8 261例血压记录完整(即诊疗开始时就有血压记录)的患者中评价此药的疗效;从全部用药者中评价安全性。收缩压和舒张压均增高的患者中,86％的患者治疗后终末舒张压≤90mmHg或比治疗前水平下降超过10mmHg。治疗反应最佳的是老年患者(87.2％),最差的是黑人患者(81.2％)。单纯收缩期高血压患者中,70.4％患者治疗后最终达到收缩压≤140mmHg或比治疗前水平下降20mmHg以上,女性为70.6％,男性为70.3％,老年患者为69.1％;治疗反应最佳者为白人(71.8％),反应最差者为黑人(64.6％),不良反应大都轻微,最常见的为咳嗽(3.0％)。因此,在这个为期8周的大样本试验中,来自不同人群的、由初级诊疗医师诊治的轻中度高血压患者用雷米普利每天1次治疗既是有效的,又是安全的。

关键词：雷米普利 CARE试验高血压疗效安全性

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Coral Bleaching in Arrecifes de Cozumel National Park after Tropical Storm Rina in October 2011

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Journal of Earth Science and Engineering 2013年第11期3卷 784-789页

作者： norman Quinn Barbara L. Kojis ministry of marine Affairs and Fisheries Pasar Minggu Jakarta Selatan 12540 Indonesia Tropical Discoveries Fund Department of Research 8331 Upper Contant St Thomas United States Virgin Islands 00803 USA

Extensive bleaching of montastrea annularis spp. group and several other scleractinian taxa occurred on the reefs within the Arrecifes de Cozumel National Park of Cozumel, mexico, after the passage of Hurricane/Tropical Storm Rina. We conducted six drift dives at five different dive sites （-13 h of scuba diving） and photographed a variety of reefs scenes at depths of 10-28 m. Bleaching was noted at depths of 10-40 m in a variety of scleractinian species, including m. annularis species group, especially m. faveolata and Siderastrea siderea. Considering that local dive guides had not observed bleaching prior to the storm and the sea surface temperature did not exceed the local bleaching threshold, it is probable that the extensive rainfall associated with Hurricane/Tropical Storm Rina lowered salinity sufficiently via subsurface freshwater springs to cause bleaching in susceptible species. This suggests the need to monitor not only subsurface sea temperature but also subsurface salinity in localities where freshwater springs occur adjacent to or within coral reefs.

关键词： Hurricanes coral damage marine protected area coral bleaching salinity Yucatan.

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铂铱合金与316L不锈钢微激光点焊气孔形成机理

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稀有金属材料与工程 2013年第10期42卷 2079-2082页

作者：黄永德何鹏林铁松冯吉才 Y.norman Zhou Zhou 南昌航空大学江西南昌330063 哈尔滨工业大学先进焊接与连接国家重点实验室黑龙江哈尔滨150001 University of Waterloo Waterloo ON Canada N2L 3G1

通过研究铂铱合金与316L不锈钢丝材微激光点焊接头的表面形貌、接头断口中气孔的形态以及横截面中气孔的分布情况,对接头气孔的形成机理进行了分析。结果表明:不锈钢合金元素在焊接熔池区择优气化引起气孔;铂铱合金熔池的高温使得不锈... 详细信息

通过研究铂铱合金与316L不锈钢丝材微激光点焊接头的表面形貌、接头断口中气孔的形态以及横截面中气孔的分布情况,对接头气孔的形成机理进行了分析。结果表明:不锈钢合金元素在焊接熔池区择优气化引起气孔;铂铱合金熔池的高温使得不锈钢合金元素在熔池中的溶解度降低,铂铱合金的高导热性及微激光焊接的特点使得熔池的凝固速度加快,从而形成气孔。

关键词：微激光点焊气孔形成机理铂铱合金

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The barren stalk2 Gene Is Required for Axillary meristem Development in maize

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molecular Plant 2019年第3期12卷 374-389页

作者： Hong Yao Andrea Skirpan Brian Wardell michaela S.matthes norman B.Best Tyler mcCubbin Amanda Durbak Taylor Smith Simon malcomber Paula mcSteen Division of Biological Sciences Interdisciplinary Plant GroupBond Life Sciences CenterUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMO65211USA Department of Biology Penn State UniversityUniversity ParkPA16802USA Department of Biological Sciences California State UniversityLongBeachCA90840USA Division of Biological Sciences Interdisciplinary Plant GroupColumbiaMO65211USA Present address:National Science Foundation 2415 Eisenhower AvenueAlexandriaVA22314USA

The diversity of plant architecture is determined by axillary meristems (Ams). Ams are produced from small groups of stem cells in the axils of leaf primordia and generate vegetative branches and reproductive inflorescences . Previous studies identified genes critical for Am development that function in auxin biosynthesis, transport, and signaling. barren stalkl (ba1), a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor, acts downstream of auxin to control Am formation. Here, we report the cloning and characterization of barren stalk2 (ba2), a mutant that fails to produce ears and has fewer branches and spikelets in the tassel, indicating that ba2 functions in reproductive Am development. Furthermore, the ba2 mutation suppresses tiller growth in the teosinte branchedl mutant, indicating that ba2 also plays an essential role in vegetative Am development. The ba2 gene encodes a protein that co-localizes and heterodimerizes with BA1 in the nucleus . Characterization of the genetic interaction between ba2 and ba1 demonstrates that ba1 shows a gene dosage effect in ba2 mutants, providing further evidence that BA1 and BA2 act together in the same pathway. Characterization of the molecular and genetic interaction between ba2 and additional genes required for the regulation of ba1 further supports this finding. The ba1 and ba2 genes are orthologs of rice genes, LAX PANICLE1 (LAX1) and LAX2, respectively, hence providing insights into pathways controlling Ams development in grasses.

关键词： maize axillary meristem inflorescenee auxin

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Cross-cultural psychometric assessment of the parent-teen sexual risk communication (PTSRC-III) scale in Jamaica

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Open Journal of Preventive medicine 2012年第2期2卷 205-213页

作者： norman K. Waldron m. Katherine Hutchinson Hermi H. Hewitt Pansy I. Hamilton Department of Community Health and Psychiatry The University of the West Indies (UWI) Kingston Jamaica Hugh Wynter Fertility management Unit Faculty of Medical Sciences The University of the West Indies (UWI) Kingston Jamaica New York University College of Nursing New York USA The UWI School of Nursing The University of the West Indies (UWI) Kingston Jamaica

Background: HIV/AIDS represents a serious health threat in Jamaica. Adolescent and young adult females are at particularly high risk. US studies have shown that parent-teen sexual communication may significantly influence the sexual risk-related beliefs and behaviors. However, no studies have examined parent-teen sexual communication in Jamaica or the wider Caribbean. Objective: The study aims to describe patterns of parent-teen sexual communication between Jamaican mothers and adolescent daughters and assess the psychometric properties of the Parent-Teen Sexual Risk Communication (PTSRC-III) scale when used with this population. method: Data were collected as part of a larger randomized controlled trial study. A total of 330 urban Jamaican adolescent girls, ages 13 - 17, and their mothers or female guardians completed the 8-item PTSRC-III scale at baseline and 3-month follow-up. Results: mothers’ and daughters’ scores covered the full range of possible scores. Internal reliability of the PTSRC-III scale was excellent (α = 0.92 and 0.93 for mothers and daughters, respectively). There was evidence of consistency over time (r = 0.57, p r = 0.27, p r = 0.427, p r = 0.146, p = 0.008). A two-factor structure was identified, although the second factor showed a lower eigen-value than was found in previous US studies. The loading pattern and explanation of variance were very similar to the factor 2 described in the initial psychometric testing of the PTSRC-III instrument. Discussion: Patterns of sexual communication and the psychometrics of the scale when used in Jamaica were consistent with US results, and provided evidence of the cross-cultural reliability and validity of the PTSRC-III scale.

关键词： Adolescent Sexual Risk Sexual Communication Psychometric Assessment Reliability

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小细胞肺癌的放疗

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国外医学(临床放射学分册) 1987年第5期 316-319页

作者： norman m 许宏乾

放射治疗在小细胞肺癌的治疗中,始终有重要的地位。然而,近几年来,在生物学、分期和化疗方面的研究取得很大的进展,致使它的作用投下阴影。这导致放疗在治疗方面是否还存在有任何价值的争论。作者将简要地归纳当前的治疗状况,尤其是以... 详细信息

放射治疗在小细胞肺癌的治疗中,始终有重要的地位。然而,近几年来,在生物学、分期和化疗方面的研究取得很大的进展,致使它的作用投下阴影。这导致放疗在治疗方面是否还存在有任何价值的争论。作者将简要地归纳当前的治疗状况,尤其是以随机研究材料为根据,试图确定合理的应用放疗的方法并着重于未肯定的需要进一步研究的领域。局限性病变的放疗治疗反应局部区域放疗加单药或联合化疗能达到明显改善存活率已在5个研究中得到证实。在这些研究中,最大数量的研究即医学研究会第二次236例小细胞肺癌的研究,中数存活期(mST)从

关键词：小细胞肺癌中数 NCI 病人非小细胞肺胸部放疗局部复发半身照射

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