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Liquid biopsy for gastric cancer:Techniques,applications,and future directions

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第12期30卷 1680-1705页

作者： Cristina Díaz del Arco m Jesús Fernández Aceñero Luis Ortega medina Department of surgical Pathology Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clínico San CarlosHospital Clínico San CarlosMadrid 28040Spain Department of Legal medicine Psychiatry and PathologyUniversidad Complutense de MadridMadrid 28040Spain

After the study of circulating tumor cells in blood through liquid biopsy(LB),this technique has evolved to encompass the analysis of multiple materials originating from the tumor,such as nucleic acids,extracellular vesicles,tumor-educated platelets,and other ***,research has extended to include the examination of samples other than blood or plasma,such as saliva,gastric juice,urine,or *** techniques are diverse,intricate,and *** must be highly sensitive,and pre-analytical,patient,and tumor-related factors significantly influence the detection threshold,diagnostic method selection,and potential ***,the implementation of LB in clinical practice still faces several *** potential applications of LB range from early cancer detection to guiding targeted therapy or immunotherapy in both early and advanced cancer cases,monitoring treatment response,early identification of relapses,or assessing patient *** the other hand,gastric cancer(GC)is a disease often diagnosed at advanced *** recent advances in molecular understanding,the currently available treatment options have not substantially improved the prognosis for many of these *** application of LB in GC could be highly valuable as a non-invasive method for early diagnosis and for enhancing the management and outcomes of these *** this comprehensive review,from a pathologist’s perspective,we provide an overview of the main options available in LB,delve into the fundamental principles of the most studied techniques,explore the potential utility of LB application in the context of GC,and address the obstacles that need to be overcome in the future to make this innovative technique a game-changer in cancer diagnosis and treatment within clinical practice.

关键词： Liquid biopsy Gastric cancer Circulating tumor cells Cell-free DNA Circulating tumor DNA molecular

On the existence and stability of traversable wormhole solutions with novel shapefunctions in the framework of F(R,L_(m))gravity

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2024年第5期76卷 114-127页

作者： sourav Chaudhary Jitendra Kumar s K maurya sweeti Kiroriwal Abdul Aziz Department of mathematics Central University of HaryanaJant-PaliMahendergarhIndia Department of mathematical and Physical sciences College of Arts and ScienceUniversity of NizwaP.O.Box 33Nizwa 616Oman

In this work,we have explored wormhole(WH)solutions in F(R,L_(m))gravity by assuming the morris-Thorne WH metric and F(R,Lm)=R/2+(1+γR)L_(m),whereγis the free model *** determined the WH solutions by utilizing two newly developed shape functions(sF)that satisfy all basic conditions for a WH’s physical *** also observe that the null energy condition(NEC)behaves ***,for both models,we use the volume integral quantifier(VIQ)and Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff(TOV)equation to determine how much exotic matter is needed near the WH throat and the stability of the *** extensive detailed discussions of the matter components have been done via graphical *** obtained WH geometries meet the physically acceptable conditions for a stable wormhole.

关键词： energy conditions wormhole exotic matter F(R L_(m))gravity

Design and synthesis of synthetic promoters for consistency of gene expression across growth phases and scale in ***

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synthetic and systems Biotechnology 2024年第2期9卷 330-339页

作者： Kristin V.Presnell Omar melhem sarah m.Coleman Nicholas J.morse Hal s.Alper mcKetta Department of Chemical Engineering The University of Texas at Austin200E Dean Keeton St.Stop C0400AustinTX78712USA Institute for Cellular and molecular Biology The University of Texas at Austin2500 Speedway AvenueAustinTX78712USA

metabolic engineering and synthetic biology endeavors benefit from promoters that perform consistently(or robustly)with respect to cellular growth phase(exponential and stationary)and fermentation scale(microtiter plates,tubes,flasks,and bioreactors).However,nearly all endogenous promoters(especially in saccharomyces cerevisiae)do not perform in this *** this work,a hybrid promoter engineering strategy is leveraged to create novel synthetic promoters with robustness across these *** a multi-dimensional RNA-seq dataset,promoters with specific phase dependencies were *** enriched with functional transcription factors were identified using mEmE *** motif-containing fragments could impart activity dependence in the opposing ***,we obtain two new promoters with high and consistent expression across both phases by increasing the exponential phase activity of the starting stationary-phase scaffold by 38 and 23-fold ***,we show that these promoters function consistently across various laboratory growth scales over time in a microtiter plate and in ***,this work presents and validates a new strategy for engineering promoters in *** with high levels of expression that are robust to cellular growth phase and the scale of the culture.

关键词： endogenous synthetic stationary

Prevalence and associated factors of clubfoot in the eastern province of saudi Arabia: A hospital-based study

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2024年第7期15卷 635-641页

作者： Ammar K Alomran Bandar A Alzahrani Bader s Alanazi mohammed A Alharbi Loay m Bojubara Eman m Alyaseen Department of Orthopedic College of MedicineImam Abdulrahman bin Faisal UniversityDammam 34212Saudi Arabia College of medicine Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal UniversityDammam 34212Saudi Arabia College of medicine Arabian Gulf UniversityManama 329Bahrain

BACKGROUND Clubfoot,or congenital talipes equinovarus,is a widely recognized cause of disability and congenital deformity worldwide,which significantly impacts the quality of *** management of clubfoot requires long-term,multidiscip-linary *** is important to understand how common this condition is in order to assess its impact on the ***,few studies have investigated the prevalence of clubfoot in saudi *** To determine the prevalence of clubfoot in saudi Arabia via the patient population at King Fahad University Hospital(KFUH).mETHODs This was a retrospective study conducted at one of the largest hospitals in the country and located in one of the most densely populated of the administrative *** Of the 7792 births between 2015 to 2023 that were included in the analysis,42 patients were diagnosed with clubfoot,resulting in a prevalence of 5.3 per 1000 live births at *** The observed prevalence of clubfoot was significantly higher than both global and local estimates,indicating a substantial burden in the study population.

关键词： Clubfoot Talipes equinovarus Congenital talipes equinovarus Prevalence saudi Arabia

Comparative study between three carbonaceous nanoblades and nanodarts for antimicrobial applications

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Journal of Environmental sciences 2024年第2期136卷 594-605页

作者： mohamed s.selim Ahmed m.Azzam mohamed A.shenashen shimaa A.Higazy Bayaumy B.m.s.afa sherif A.El-safty National Institute for materials science(NIms) 1-2-1 SengenTsukuba-ShiIbaraki-Ken 305-0047Japan Petroleum Application Department Egyptian Petroleum Research InstituteNasr City 11727Egypt Department of Environmental Research Theodor Bilharz Research InstituteGizaEgypt

The design of nanostructured materials occupies a privileged position in the development and management of affordable and effective technology in the antibacterial ***,we discuss the antimicrobial properties of three carbonaceous nanoblades and nanodarts materials of graphene oxide(GO),reduced graphene oxide(RGO),and single-wall carbon nanotubes(sWCNTs)that have a mechano-bactericidal effect,and the ability to piercing or slicing bacterial *** demonstrate the significance of size,morphology and composition on the antibacterial activity mechanism,the designed nanomaterials have been *** minimum inhibitory concentration(mIC),standard agar well diffusion,and transmission electron microscopy were utilized to evaluate the antibacterial activity of GO,RGO,and *** on the evidence obtained,the three carbonaceous materials exhibit activity against all microbial strains tested by completely encapsulating bacterial cells and causing morphological disruption by degrading the microbial cell membrane in the order of RGO>GO>*** of the external cell wall structure and outer membrane proteins,the synthesized carbonaceous nanomaterials exhibited higher antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacterial strains than Gram-negative and fungal *** had the lowest mIC values(0.062,0.125,and 0.25 mg/mL against ***,***,and ***,respectively),as well as minimum fungal concentrations(0.5 mg/mL for both *** and ***).At 12 hr,the cell viability values against tested microbial strains were completely *** lysis and death occurred as a result of severe membrane damage caused by microorganisms perched on RGO *** work gives an insight into the design of effective graphene-based antimicrobial materials for water treatment and remediation.

关键词： Antimicrobial properties Nanoblades mechano-bactericidal effect RGO nanosheets Gram-positive bacteria Cell viability

Comparative analysis of microstructure,mechanical,and corrosion properties of biodegradable mg-3Y alloy prepared by selective laser melting and spark plasma sintering

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Journal of magnesium and Alloys 2024年第4期12卷 1496-1510页

作者： P.minárik m.Zemková s.Šašek J.Dittrich m.Knapek F.Lukáˇc D.Koutný J.Jaroš R.Král Faculty of mathematics and Physics Charles UniversityKe Karlovu 5Praha 12116Czech Republic Research Centre University ofŽilinaUniverzitná8215/1Žilina 01026Slovakia Institute of Plasma Physics of the Czech Academy of sciences Za Slovankou 1782/318200 Praha 8Czech Republic Institute of machine and Industrial Design Brno University of TechnologyTechnická2896/2Brno 61669Czech Republic

This work explored possibilities of biodegradable magnesium alloy mg-3Y preparation by two modern powder metallurgy techniques–spark plasma sintering(sPs)and selective laser melting(sLm).The powder material was consolidated by both methods utilising optimised parameters,which led to very low porosity(∼0.3%)in the sLm material and unmeasurably low porosity in the sPs *** main aim of the study was the thorough microstructure characterisation and interrelation between the microstructure and the functional properties,such as mechanical strength,deformability,and corrosion *** materials showed comparable strength of∼110 mPa in tension and compression and relatively good deformability of∼9%and∼21%for the sLm and sPs materials,*** corrosion resistance of the sPs material in 0.1 m NaCl solution was superior to the sLm one and comparable to the conventional extruded *** digital image correlation during loading and the cross-section analysis of the corrosion layers revealed that the residual porosity and large strained grains have the dominant negative effect on the functional properties of the sLm *** the other hand,one of the primary outcomes of this study is that the sPs consolidation method is very effective in the preparation of the W3 biodegradable alloy,resulting in material with convenient mechanical and degradation properties that might find practical applications.

关键词： magnesium Yttrium Powder metallurgy microstructure mechanical strength Corrosion resistance

Exploring van der Waals materials with high anisotropy:geometrical and optical approaches

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Light(science & Applications) 2024年第4期13卷 645-653页

作者： Aleksandr s.slavich Georgy A.Ermolaev mikhail K.Tatmyshevskiy Adilet N.Toksumakov Olga G.matveeva Dmitriy V.Grudinin Kirill V.Voronin Arslan mazitov Konstantin V.Kravtsov Alexander V.syuy Dmitry m.Tsymbarenko mikhail s.mironov sergey m.Novikov Ivan Kruglov Davit A.Ghazaryan Andrey A.Vyshnevyy Aleksey V.Arsenin Valentyn s.Volkov Kostya s.Novoselov moscow Center for Advanced studies Kulakova str.20Moscow 123592Russia. Emerging Technologies Research Center XPANCEOInternet CityEmmay TowerDubaiUnited Arab Emirates. Donostia International Physics Center(DIPC) Donostia/San-Sebastián 20018Spain. Institute of materials Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne1015 LausanneSwitzerland. Department of Chemistry Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityMoscow 119991Russia. Laboratory of Advanced Functional materials Yerevan State UniversityYerevan 0025Armenia. National Graphene Institute(NGI) University of ManchesterManchester M139PLUK. Department of materials science and Engineering National University of SingaporeSingapore 03-09 EASingapore. Institute for Functional Intelligent materials National University of Singapore117544 SingaporeSingapore

The emergence of van der Waals(vdW)materials resulted in the discovery of their high optical,mechanical,and electronic anisotropic properties,immediately enabling countless novel phenomena and *** success inspired an intensive search for the highest possible anisotropic properties among vdW ***,the identification of the most promising among the huge family of vdW materials is a challenging quest requiring innovative ***,we suggest an easy-to-use method for such a survey based on the crystallographic geometrical perspective of vdW materials followed by their optical *** our approach,we found As2s3 as a highly anisotropic vdW *** demonstrates high in-plane optical anisotropy that is~20%larger than for rutile and over two times as large as calcite,high refractive index,and transparency in the visible range,overcoming the century-long record set by *** these benefits,As2s3 opens a pathway towards nextgeneration nanophotonics as demonstrated by an ultrathin true zero-order quarter-wave plate that combines classical and the Fabry–Pérot optical phase ***,our approach provides an effective and easy-to-use method to find vdW materials with the utmost anisotropic properties.

关键词： anisotropy anisotropic high

The CCD instrument background of the smILE sXI

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 15-24页

作者： m.W.J.Hubbard O.Hetherington D.J.Hall T.W.Buggey s.Parsons T.Arnold A.Holland C.Pagani s.sembay Centre for Electronic Imaging The Open UniversityMilton KeynesMK76AAUK X-ray and Observational Astronomy Group Department of Physics&AstronomyUniversity of LeicesterLE17RHUK

The EsA and CAs smILE mission orbit is highly elliptical and will pass through multiple radiation *** soft X-ray Imager(sXI)instrument aboard has a radiation shutter door designed to close when the surrounding radiation flux is *** shutter door will close when passing below an altitude threshold to protect against trapped particles in the Earth’s Van Allen ***,two radiation environments can be approximated based on the shutter door position:open and *** instrument background for the CCDs(Charge-Coupled Devices)that form the focal plane array of the sXI were evaluated for the two *** to the correlation of the space environment with the solar cycle,the solar minima and maxima,the background was also evaluated at these two *** results demonstrated that the highest instrument background will occur during solar minima due to the main contributing source being Galactic Cosmic Rays(GCRs).It was also found that the open background was highest for solar minima and that the closed background was highest during solar *** is due to the radiation shutter door acting as a scattering centre and the changes in the energy flux distribution of the GCRs between the two solar extremes.

关键词： instrument background X-ray astronomy space radiation

Tilted global solar irradiance in Bahrain:an experimental study

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Clean Energy 2024年第2期8卷 27-34页

作者： N.Vasilikos C.Georgantopoulou H.Alajaimi s.H.Almajed m.Ahmed D.mathioulakis school of mechanical Engineering Bahrain PolytechnicIsa TownPO Box 33349Kingdom of Bahrain school of mechanical Engineering National Technical University of AthensHeroon Polytechniou 7 StZografos 15773AthensGreece

In the present work,tilted global solar irradiance data are presented and analysed,measured for a period of 1 year on the campus of Bahrain Polytechnic,Kingdom of Bahrain,from both a fixed photovoltaic panel and a moving one via a two-axis solar *** fixed panel faces south with an angle of 26°with respect to the horizontal,coinciding with the local geographical *** second panel is moved by two motors,controlled by a global positioning system and suitable software so that the sun’s rays are perpendicular to the panel surface.A pyranometer is installed on each panel,recording the tilted global solar irradiance,stored by using a data *** analysis of the data obtained shows a 33%solar energy gain on an annual basis for the moving panel(2780 versus 2088 kWh/m^(2) on the fixed panel).more importantly,in June,when the energy demand in Bahrain is elevated due to the increased residential cooling loads,the solar energy received by the moving panel is 54.7%higher compared with that of the fixed *** a percentage basis,the increase in solar energy from the moving panel is profound in the early morning and late evening ***,the reduction in the solar energy received by the fixed panel from may to June does not appear in the moving panel because of the adjustable orientation of the *** the year,the mean daily solar power varies between 0.37 and 0.56 kW/m^(2) for the fixed panel,and 0.45 and 0.70 kW/m^(2) for the moving *** winter,solar energy fluctuations are elevated due to erratic weather conditions that present a peak standard deviation of 28%of the corresponding *** data presented are useful for potential solar investments in Gulf countries.

关键词： tilted solar irradiance renewable energy solar tracking photovoltaic Gulf Cooperation Council Countries