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Drought trend analysis in a semi-arid area of Iraq based on Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, Normalized Difference Water Index and Standardized Precipitation Index

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Journal of Arid Land 2021年第4期13卷 413-430页

作者： Ayad m F AL-QURAISHI Heman A GAZNAYEE mattia crespi Department of Surveying and Geomatics Engineering Faculty of EngineeringTishk International UniversityErbil 44001Iraq Department of Forestry College of Agricultural Engineering SciencesSalahaddin UniversityErbil 44002Iraq Geodesy and Geomatics Division Department of CivilConstructional and Environmental EngineeringSapienza University of RomeRome 00185Italy Sapienza School for Advanced Studies Sapienza University of RomeRome 00185Italy

Drought was a severe recurring phenomenon in Iraq over the past two decades due to climate change despite the fact that Iraq has been one of the most water-rich countries in the middle East in the past.The Iraqi Kurdistan Region(IKR)is located in the north of Iraq,which has also suffered from extreme drought.In this study,the drought severity status in Sulaimaniyah Province,one of four provinces of the IKR,was investigated for the years from 1998 to 2017.Thus,Landsat time series dataset,including 40 images,were downloaded and used in this study.The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI)and the Normalized Difference Water Index(NDWI)were utilized as spectral-based drought indices and the Standardized Precipitation Index(SPI)was employed as a meteorological-based drought index,to assess the drought severity and analyse the changes of vegetative cover and water bodies.The study area experienced precipitation deficiency and severe drought in 1999,2000,2008,2009,and 2012.Study findings also revealed a drop in the vegetative cover by 33.3%in the year 2000.Furthermore,the most significant shrinkage in water bodies was observed in the Lake Darbandikhan(LDK),which lost 40.5%of its total surface area in 2009.The statistical analyses revealed that precipitation was significantly positively correlated with the SPI and the surface area of the LDK(correlation coefficients of 0.92 and 0.72,respectively).The relationship between SPI and NDVI-based vegetation cover was positive but not significant.Low precipitation did not always correspond to vegetative drought;the delay of the effect of precipitation on NDVI was one year.

关键词： climate change drought Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI) Normalized Difference Water Index(NDWI) Standardized Precipitation Index(SPI) delay effect

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Spotlight:Antisense regulation of miRNA action during phosphate starvation

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molecular Plant 2023年第8期16卷 1249-1251页

作者： Soledad Traubenik m.rtin Crespi stitute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay(IPS2) CNRSINRAUniversity Paris Saclay-Batiment 63091192 Gif sur Yvette.France

Phosphorus(P)is a vital nutrient for plant growth,acquired primarily in the form of inorganic phosphate(Pi).Pi deficiency limits plant growth and development and significantly constrains crop productivity worldwide.To face scarcity and maintain P homeostasis,plants have evolved different strategies to acquire this nutrient efficiently,where the regulation of gene expression plays a pivotal role,and several non-coding RNAs(ncRNAs)were shown to participate in this elaborate regulation.At the transcriptional level,responses to Pi deficiency are highly conserved between Arabidopsis thaliana and rice(Oryza sativa).For example,the mYB transcription factor At-PHR1 in Arabidopsis and its paralogs At-PHL1 and Os-PHR2 in rice play a pivotal role in the Pi starvation signaling pathway(Rubio et al.,2001;Zhou et al.,2008;Bustos et al.,2010;Das et al.,2022).

关键词： Arabidopsis action inorganic

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COVAD: Content-oriented video anomaly detection using a self attention-based deep learning model

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Virtual Reality & Intelligent Hardware 2023年第1期5卷 24-41页

作者： Wenhao SHAO Praboda RAJAPAKSHA Yanyan WEI Dun LI Noel crespi Zhigang LUO College of Computer National University of Defense TechnologyChangsha 410073China Telecom SudParis IMTInstitut Polytechnique de ParisPalaiseau 91764France Zhengzhou College of Finance and Economics Zhengzhou 450000China

Background Video anomaly detection has always been a hot topic and has attracted increasing attention.many of the existing methods for video anomaly detection depend on processing the entire video rather than considering only the significant context. method This paper proposes a novel video anomaly detection method called COVAD that mainly focuses on the region of interest in the video instead of the entire video. Our proposed COVAD method is based on an autoencoded convolutional neural network and a coordinated attention mechanism,which can effectively capture meaningful objects in the video and dependencies among different objects. Relying on the existing memory-guided video frame prediction network, our algorithm can significantly predict the future motion and appearance of objects in a video more effectively. Result The proposed algorithm obtained better experimental results on multiple datasets and outperformed the baseline models considered in our analysis. Simultaneously, we provide an improved visual test that can provide pixel-level anomaly explanations.

关键词： Video surveillance Video anomaly detection machine learning Deep learning Neural network Coordinate attention

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Testing whether adrenal steroids mediate phenotypic and physiologic effects of elevated salinity on larval tiger salamanders

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Integrative Zoology 2023年第1期18卷 27-44页

作者： Brian J.TORNABENE Erica J.crespi Creagh W.BREUNER Blake R.HOSSACK Wildlife Biology Program W.A.Franke College of Forestry&ConservationUniversity of MontanaMissoulaMontanaUSA School of Biological Sciences Center for Reproductive SciencesWashington State UniversityPullmanWashingtonUSA U.S.Geological Survey Northern Rocky Mountain Science CenterMissoulaMontanaUSA

Salinity(sodium chloride,NaCl)from anthropogenic sources is a persistent contaminant that negatively affects freshwater taxa.Amphibians can be susceptible to salinity,but some species are innately or adaptively tolerant.Physiological mechanisms mediating tolerance to salinity are still unclear,but changes in osmoregulatory hor-mones such as corticosterone(CORT)and aldosterone(ALDO)are prime candidates.We exposed larval barred tiger salamanders(Ambystoma mavortium)to environmentally relevant NaCl treatments(mg·L-1)for 24 days to test effects on growth,survival,and waterborne CORT responses.Of those sampled,we also quantiﬁed waterborne ALDO from a subset.Using a glucocorticoid antagonist(RU486),we also experimentally suppressed CORT signaling of some larvae to determine if CORT mediates effects of salinity.There were no strong differ-ences in survival among salinity treatments,but salinity reduced dry mass,snout–vent length,and body condition while increasing water content of larvae.High survival and sublethal effects demonstrated that salamanders were physiologically challenged but could tolerate the experimental concentrations.CORT signaling did not attenuate sublethal effects of salinity.Baseline and stress-induced(after an acute stressor,shaking)CORT were not inﬂu-enced by salinity.ALDO was correlated with baseline CORT,suggesting it could be difﬁcult to decouple the roles of CORT and ALDO.Future studies comparing ALDO and CORT responses of adaptively tolerant and previously unexposed populations could be beneﬁcial to understand the roles of these hormones in tolerance to salinity.Nev-ertheless,our study enhances our understanding of the roles of corticosteroid hormones in mediating effects of a prominent anthropogenic stressor.

关键词： caudate conservation physiology glucocorticoids sodium chloride tolerance

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mechanistic Insight into Supramolecular Polymerization in Water Tunable by molecular Geometry

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CCS Chemistry 2022年第7期4卷 2212-2220页

作者： Fan Xu Stefano crespi Lukas Pfeifer marc C.A.Stuart Ben L.Feringa Stratingh Institute for Chemistry University of GroningenGroningen 9747 AG Key Laboratory for Advanced materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and molecular Engineering Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research CenterFrontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic ChemistryInstitute of Fine ChemicalsSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai 200237 Angstrom Laboratory Department of ChemistryUppsala UniversityUppsala 75120 Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces Department of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneLausanne CH-1015

Supramolecular self-assembly in water based on non-covalent bonding is attracting major attention due to the potential of hydrogels and aqueous polymers in biomedical applications.Although supramolecular polymerization in organic solvents is well established,the key design features,the assembly mechanisms in water and achieving control over the aggregate structures remain challenging.Here,we present the assembly and disassembly of geometrical isomers of a stiff-stilbene bis-urea amphiphile(SA)in pure water.A remarkable feature of this system is that the(E)-isomer forms supramolecular polymers in both pure water and organic solvents.Taking advantage of this unique property,the hydrophobic effect was studied by comparing the supramolecular assembly in both systems.The assembly process inwater follows an enthalpy-driven nucleation-elongation(cooperative)supramolecular polymerization mechanism with a standard Gibbs free energy(ΔG°=−53 kJ mol^(−1))double the value of the one found in toluene.We attributed this distinctive feature to the hydrophobic effect in water.Furthermore,we discovered an isomer-dependent assembly process,which can be used to control aggregation in aqueous media.Due to the substantial geometric difference between(E)-SA and(Z)-SA,we compared their assembly in water to study the influence of different driving forces involved in the process.The supramolecular polymerization of(E)-SA was cooperatively influenced by hydrogen bonding,π-stacking,and hydrophobic effects,whereas the assembly of(Z)-SAwasmainly driven by hydrophobic effects.As a result,the fiber length of(E)-SA in water is much longer than that of(Z)-SA,presenting opportunities for geometrical control of aggregation in aqueousmedia.

关键词： supramolecular polymerization stiff-stil-bene bis-urea hydrogen bonding π-stacking hydro-phobic effects

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Christopher Rea, The Age of Irreverence： A New History of Laughter in China. Berkeley, CA： University of California Press, 2015

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Frontiers of Literary Studies in China-Selected Publications from Chinese Universities 2016年第2期10卷 343-345页

作者： John A. crespi Colgate University

In a sense, the title of Christopher Rea＇s book is misleading. It is not a newhistory of laughter in China; it is the ordyhistory of laughter in China. Calling the book a ＂history,＂ on the other hand, is less subject to dispute. The Age of Irreverence devotes meticulous attention to primary sources, and crafts its findings into a narrative of humor in popular culture from the turn of the twentieth century through the 1930s, with a nod in the epilogue toward the socialist era and beyond. As a scholarly intervention, however, the book＇s central argument most directly targets not history, but literary studies. The introductory chapter makes this clear in its discussion of ＂lost laughter＂; specifically, the idea that scholarly attention to trauma and suffering in modem Chinese literature has neglected a rich and heterogeneous discourse of fun that, in its time, engaged a huge audience of educated Chinese.

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The lncRNA mARS modulates the epigenetic reprogramming of the marneral cluster in response to ABA

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molecular Plant 2022年第5期15卷 840-856页

作者： Thomas Roulé Aurelie Christ Nosheen Hussain Ying Huang Caroline Hartmann moussa Benhamed Jose Gutierrez-marcos Federico Ariel m.rtin Crespi Thomas Blein UniversitéParis-Saclay CNRSINRAEUniversitéEvryInstitute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay(IPS2)91190 Gif-sur-YvetteFrance Universitéde Paris Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay(IPS2)91190 Gif-sur-YvetteFrance Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral CONICETFBCBUniversidad Nacional del LitoralColectora Ruta Nacional 168 km 03000 Santa FeArgentina School of Life Sciences University of WarwickCoventry CV47ALUK

Clustered organization of biosynthetic non-homologous genes is emerging as a characteristic feature of plant genomes.The co-regulation of clustered genes seems to largely depend on epigenetic reprogram-ming and three-dimensional chromatin conformation.In this study,we identified the long non-coding RNA(lncRNA)mARneral Silencing(mARS),localized inside the Arabidopsis marneral cluster,which con-trols the local epigenetic activation of its surrounding region in response to abscisic acid(ABA).mARS modulates the POLYCOmB REPRESSIVE COmPLEX 1(PRC1)component LIKE HETEROCHROmATIN PROTEIN 1(LHP1)binding throughout the cluster in a dose-dependent manner,determining H3K27me3 deposition and chromatin condensation.In response to ABA,mARS decoys LHP1 away from the cluster and promotes the formation of a chromatin loop bringing together the mARNERAL SYNTHASE 1(mRN1)locus and a distal ABA-responsive enhancer.The enrichment of co-regulated lncRNAs in clustered meta-bolic genes in Arabidopsis suggests that the acquisition of novel non-coding transcriptional units may constitute an additional regulatory layer driving the evolution of biosynthetic pathways.

关键词： lncRNA enhancer cluster chromatin conformation LHP1 ABA seed germination epigenetics marneral

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Risk factors for liver disease among adults of mexican descent in the United States and mexico

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2018年第37期24卷 4281-4290页

作者： Yvonne N Flores Zuo-Feng Zhang Roshan Bastani mei Leng Catherine m crespi Paula Ramírez-Palacios Heather Stevens Jorge Salmerón Unidad de Investigación Epidemiológica y en Servicios de Salud Delegación MorelosInstituto Mexicano del Seguro SocialCuernavacaMorelos 62000México UCLA Department of Health Policy and management and Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Equity Fielding School of Public HealthLos AngelesCA 90095United States UCLA Cancer Prevention and Control Research Center Fielding School of Public Health and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer CenterLos AngelesCA 90095United States UCLA Division of General Internal medicine and Health Services Research Los AngelesCA 90095United States UCLA Department of Biostatistics Fielding School of Public HealthLos AngelesCA 90095United States University of Washington School of MedicineSeattleWA 98195United States Universidad Nacional Autónoma de méxico Academic Epidemiology Research UnitAvenida Universidad 3000Ciudad UniversitariaCoyoacánMexico City 04510México Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional Instituto Nacional de Salud PúblicaCuernavacaMorelos 62100México

AIm To compare the prevalence of chronic liver disease(CLD) risk factors in a representative sample of mexicanAmericans born in the United States(US) or mexico, to a sample of adults in mexico.mETHODS Data for mexican-Americans in the US were obtained from the 1999-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(NHANES), which includes persons of mexican origin living in the US(n = 4274). The NHANES sample was restricted to mexican-American participants who were 20 years and older, born in the US or mexico, not pregnant or breastfeeding, and with medical insurance.The data in mexico were obtained from the 2004-2013 Health Worker Cohort Study in Cuernavaca, mexico(n =9485). The following known risk factors for liver disease/cancer were evaluated: elevated aminotransferase levels(elevated alanine aminotransferase was defined as > 40 IU/L for males and females; elevated aspartate aminotransferase was defined as > 40 IU/L for males and females), infection with hepatitis B or hepatitis C,metabolic syndrome, high total cholesterol, diabetes,obesity, abdominal obesity, and heavy alcohol use. The main independent variables for this study classified individuals by country of residence(i.e., mexico vs the US) and place of birth(i.e., US-born vs mexico-born).Regression analyses were used to investigate CLD risk factors.RESULTS After adjusting for socio-demographic characteristics,mexican-American males were more likely to be obese,diabetic, heavy/binge drinkers or have abdominal obesity than males in mexico. The adjusted multivariate results for females also indicate that mexican-American females were significantly more likely to be obese, diabetic, be heavy/binge drinkers or have abdominal obesity than mexican females. The prevalence ratios and prevalence differences mirror the multivariate analysis findings for the aforementioned risk factors, showing a greater risk among US-born as compared to mexico-born mexicanAmericans. CONCLUSION In this study, mexican-Americans in the US had more risk factors for CLD than thei

关键词： Liver disease Risk factors Health disparities mexico mexican Americans Latinos

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Non-Protein-Coding RNAs and their Interacting RNA-Binding Proteins in the Plant Cell Nucleus

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molecular Plant 2010年第4期3卷 729-739页

作者： Celine Charon Ana Beatriz moreno Florian Bardou m.rtin Crespi University Paris-Sud Institut de Biologie des Plantes UMR8618 Orsay Cedex F-91405 France CNRS Orsay Cedex F-91405 France Institut des Sciences du Vegetal CNRS F-91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex France

The complex responses of eukaryotic cells to external factors are governed by several transcriptional and post-transcriptional processes. Several of them occur in the nucleus and have been linked to the action of non-proteincoding RNAs （or npcRNAs）, both long and small npcRNAs, that recently emerged as major regulators of gene expression. Regulatory npcRNAs acting in the nucleus include silencing-related RNAs, intergenic npcRNAs, natural antisense RNAs, and other aberrant RNAs resulting from the interplay between global transcription and RNA processing activities （such as Dicers and RNA-dependent polymerases）. Generally, the resulting npcRNAs exert their regulatory effects through interactions with RNA-binding proteins （or RBPs） within ribonucleoprotein particles （or RNPs）. A large group of RBPs are implicated in the silencing machinery through small interfering RNAs （siRNAs） and their localization suggests that several act in the nucleus to trigger epigenetic and chromatin changes at a whole-genome scale. Other nuclear RBPs interact with npcRNAs and change their localization. In the fission yeast, the RNA-binding mei2p protein, playing pivotal roles in meiosis, interact with a meiotic npcRNA involved in its nuclear re-localization. Related processes have been identified in plants and the ENOD40 npcRNA was shown to re-localize a nuclear-speckle RBP from the nucleus to the cytoplasm in medicago truncatula. Plant RBPs have been also implicated in RNA-mediated chromatin silencing in the FLC locus through interaction with specific antisense transcripts. In this review, we discuss the interactions between RBPs and npcRNAs in the context of nuclear-related processes and their implication in plant development and stress responses. We propose that these interactions may add a regulatory layer that modulates the interactions between the nuclear genome and the environment and, consequently, control plant developmental plasticity.

关键词： Abiotic/environmental stress gene silencing Arabidopsis RNA-binding proteins non-protein-coding RNAs nucleus.

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Tectonically asymmetric Earth:From net rotation to polarized westward drift of the lithosphere

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Geoscience Frontiers 2015年第3期6卷 401-418页

作者： Carlo Doglioni Eugenio Carminati mattia crespi marco Cuffaro mattia Penati Federica Riguzzi Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra Sapienza Universita di Roma DITS-Area di Geodesia e Geomatica Sapienza Universita di Roma Istituto di Geologia Ambientale e Geoingegneria CNR mOX-Dipartimento di matematica Politecnico di Milano Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia Sez.CNTRomeItaly

The possibility of a net rotation of the lithosphere with respect to the mantle is generally overlooked since it depends on the adopted mantle reference frames, which are arbitrary. We review the geological and geophysical signatures of plate boundaries, and show that they are markedly asymmetric worldwide. Then we compare available reference frames of plate motions relative to the mantle and discuss which is at best able to fit global tectonic data. Different assumptions about the depths of hotspot sources （below or within the asthenosphere, which decouples the lithosphere from the deep mantle） predict different rates of net rotation of the lithosphere relative to the mantle. The widely used no-net-rotation （NNR） reference frame, and low （〈0.2°-0.4°/ma） net rotation rates （deep hotspots source） predict an average net rotation in which some plates move eastward relative to the mantle （e.g., Nazca）. With fast （〉1°/ma） net rotation （shallow hotspots source）, all plates, albeit at different velocity, move westerly along a curved trajectory, with a tectonic equator tilted about 30° relative to the geographic equator. This is consistent with the observed global tectonic asymmetries.

关键词： Asymmetric plate tectonics Plate motions Westward drift mantle convection

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