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Historical pearls of the European medical school related to the acute articular rheumatism from the Renaissance to the 20^(th) century

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History & Philosophy of medicine 2024年第4期6卷 24-28页

作者： Evangelia mourellou gregory Tsoucalas Department of the History of medicine and medical Deontology School of MedicineUniversity of CreteHeraklion 71003Greece

Acute articular rheumatism(AAR)primarily affects children aged 5 to 15,causing fever and non-suppurative arthritis,and can lead to severe heart problems such as mitral stenosis and aortic *** of early years by Hippocrates and Galen were expanded in a in the 19^(th) century by Jean-Baptiste Bouillaud,who linked AAR to heart *** exploration of the historical development of AAR can be beneficial to further medical *** period between Renaissance and mid-20^(th) century unveiled a series of hallmarks in diagnosis,symptomatology,feverous attacks and *** research method,a documentary research related to the *** great importance concerning AAR’s understanding are Hippocrates’early descriptions,Jerome Cardan’s Renaissance distinction between“morbus articularis”and podagral(gout),and Jean-Baptiste Bouillaud’s 19^(th)-century linkage of AAR to heart ***,contributions from Théodore-Hermann meynet,Louis Bard,and Edmond Weill were pivotal in clarifying the clinical and cardiac aspects of the *** 19^(th) century new diagnostic factors like visceral lesions and clearer understanding of chemical and mineral drugs supplied novel *** the 20^(th) century,research in the United States confirmed the streptococcal cause of AAR,marking an advancement of great significance in the understanding the cause of AAR,as well as its *** since the ancient times AAR has been *** nominations described the disease,while gradually physicians understood the causes and the nature of the disease,as philosophical physiology gave space to clinical anatomy and medical science of the mechanized *** made during the last centuries aided in AAR further *** comprehension of the evolution of AAR is crucial in order to appreciate its current medical perspective and treatment.

关键词： Jean-Baptiste Bouillaud podagral gout streptococcus heart lesion

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Criteria for Selecting Carbon Subsurface and Ocean Storage Site in Developing Countries: A Review

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American Journal of Climate Change 2024年第2期13卷 103-139页

作者： gregory mwenketishi Hadj Benkreira Nejat Rahmanian School of Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Digital Technologies University of Bradford Bradford UK

Important first phases in the process of implementing CO2 subsurface and ocean storage projects include selecting of best possible location(s) for CO2 storage, and site selection evaluation. Sites must fulfill a number of criteria that boil down to the following basics: they must be able to accept the desired volume of CO2 at the rate at which it is supplied from the CO2 source(s);they must as well be safe and reliable;and must comply with regulatory and other societal requirements. They also must have at least public acceptance and be based on sound financial analysis. Site geology;hydrogeological, pressure, and geothermal regimes;land features;location, climate, access, etc. can all be refined from these basic criteria. In addition to aiding in site selection, site characterization is essential for other purposes, such as foreseeing the fate and impacts of the injected CO2, and informing subsequent phases of site development, including design, permitting, operation, monitoring, and eventual abandonment. According to data from the IEA, in 2022, emissions from Africa and Asias emerging markets and developing economies, excluding Chinas, increased by 4.2%, which is equivalent to 206 million tonnes of CO2 and were higher than those from developed economies. Coal-fired power generation was responsible for more than half of the rise in emissions that were recorded in the region. The difficulty of achieving sustainable socio-economic progress in the developing countries is entwined with the work of reducing CO2 emissions, which is a demanding project for the economy. Organisations from developing countries, such as Bangladesh, Cameroon, India, and Nigeria, have formed partnerships with organisations in other countries for lessons learned and investment within the climate change arena. The basaltic rocks, coal seams, depleted oil and gas reservoirs, soils, deep saline aquifers, and sedimentary basins that developing countries (Bangladesh, Cameroon, India, and Nigeria etc.

关键词： Aquifer CCUS Site Selection Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage (CCS) CO2 Sequestration CCS Governmental Regulation CO2 Environment Impact Geological Storage

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Effects of different ratios of soluble to insoluble dietary fiber on growth performance and intestinal health of piglets

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第3期18卷 257-271页

作者： Luya Feng Zhenfu Luo Jing Wang Kunfu Wu Wenliang Wang Zhimou Liu Juping Wen Zhenbin Wang gregory JDuns Xiaokang ma Bi'e Tan Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for the Products Quality Regulation of Livestock and Poultry College of Animal Science and TechnologyHunan Agricultural UniversityChangsha 410128China Yuelushan Laboratory Changsha 410128China Hunan Nuoze Biological Technology Co. Ltd.Yiyang 413001China

This study investigated the impact of different ratios of soluble to insoluble dietary fiber(SDF:IDF)formulations by sugar beet pulp(SBP)supplementation on piglet growth performance,nutrient digestibility,immune function,intestinal morphology,intestinal microbiota and intestinal health.A total of 60 crossbred piglets(Duroc×[Landrace×Yorkshire])at 40 d old with body weight of 10.0±0.3 kg were randomly assigned to 5 treatments with 6 replicates per treatment and 2 piglets per replicate in a 21-d *** dietary treatments included a corn-soybean meal diet(0%SBP supplementation;CON),and diets supplemented with 2%,4%,6%,and 8%SBP,representing different SDF:IDF ratios at 10.16%,13.53%,16.79%,19.86%,and 24.81%,*** results indicated that the 8%SBP treatment had a negative effect on feed-to-gain ratio(linear,P=0.009)compared with the CON treatment(P=0.021).The apparent total tract digestibility(ATTD)of crude protein was lower in treatments supplemented with SBP(P=0.002)and showed a linear decrease(P=0.001),while the ATTD of IDF showed a linear increase(P=0.037)in four SBP treatments compared to the CON *** 4%SBP treatment increased serum concentrations of triglyceride(quadratic,P=0.019)and K(linear,Pminase concentration(quadratic,P=0.015)compared with the CON *** concentrations of Cit,Cys,Ile,Leu,Orn,Arg,taurine,urea,1-methylhistidine,α-aminoadipic acid,α-aminobutyric acid and cystathionine in the 4%SBP treatment were highest among all treatments(Pm concentrations of interleukin-6,interleukin-8,interleukin-10,transforming growth factor-β,and tumor necrosis factor-αin the 6%SBP treatment were higher than those in the CON treatment(Pmucin-2 and G protein-coupled receptor 41 mRNA expression(Pmucosa compared with the CON treatment and improved the intestinal barrier *** containing more than 19.86%SDF:IDF could impair the intestinal healt

关键词： Soluble dietary fiber Insoluble dietary fiber Sugar beet pulp Growth performance Intestinal health Piglet

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一颗自由进动的磁星

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科学通报 2024年第25期69卷 3675-3677页

作者：高勇 gregory Desvignes 邵立晶 max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics(Albert Einstein Institute) Potsdam D-14476Germany max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy Bonn D-53121Germany 北京大学科维理天文与天体物理研究所北京100871 中国科学院国家天文台北京100012

磁星是一类具有强磁场和长自转周期的年轻中子星.这些天体极其致密,半径约为12 km,但质量却可达太阳的1~2倍.在已知的30颗磁星中,只有少数会偶尔产生射电辐射.磁星转动时,射电束像灯塔一样扫过天空,天文学家正是从这些规律的脉冲信号中... 详细信息

磁星是一类具有强磁场和长自转周期的年轻中子星.这些天体极其致密,半径约为12 km,但质量却可达太阳的1~2倍.在已知的30颗磁星中,只有少数会偶尔产生射电辐射.磁星转动时,射电束像灯塔一样扫过天空,天文学家正是从这些规律的脉冲信号中探索中子星的奥秘. 2018年末,磁星XTE J1810-197在经历了X射线爆发后再次产生射电辐射,结束了其长达十年的射电静默期.通过长时间、高频次的监测,我们在射电偏振信号中发现射电束相对于地球的倾角发生了显著变化,并且这种变化在几个月内逐渐消失^([1]).我们认为这种变化是由磁星的自由进动引起的,并提出了衰减的进动模型来解释这一观测现象.这一发现不仅帮助我们更深入地理解了磁星的内部结构和辐射几何,而且很可能排除了自由进动作为重复快速射电暴起源的理论模型.

关键词：射电辐射磁星中子星 X射线爆发脉冲信号强磁场理论模型高频次

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Science Bulletin 2024年第7期69卷 850-852页

作者：周晓东 gregory Y.H.Lip 郑明华 Department of Cardiovascular medicine the Heart Centerthe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325000China Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science at University of Liverpool Liverpool John Moores University and Liverpool Heart&Chest HospitalLiverpool L693BXUK Department of Clinical medicine Aalborg UniversityAalborg 9000Denmark mAFLD Research Center Department of Hepatologythe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325000China Institute of Hepatology Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325000China Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment for the Development of Chronic Liver Disease in Zhejiang Province Wenzhou 325000China

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction(HFpEF)has an estimated incidence rate of approximately 27 cases per 10,000 person-year[1].Furthermore,the prevalence of HFpEF is on the rise and is expected to exceed that of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction(HFr EF)[2].In the near future,HFpEF is expected to become the predominant subtype of heart failure[2].

关键词： predominant fraction 射血分数保留型

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Vaginal Birth after Cesarean after Zavanelli maneuver: A Woman’s Right to Choose

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2024年第7期14卷 1091-1095页

作者： Nicole Jenkins gregory Vurture Jonathan D. Baum Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Jersey Shore University Medical Center Neptune NJ USA

Introduction: Vaginal birth after cesarean (VBAC) plays an essential role in lowering cesarean rates. Despite endorsement, trial of labor after cesarean (TOLAC) attempt rates remain low, in part due to fear of lawsuits. Zavanelli maneuver is a last resort procedure in the management of shoulder dystocia. We discuss a case of a woman determined to have a vaginal birth after her prior birth was complicated by shoulder dystocia requiring a Zavanelli maneuver. Her physicians were reluctant to allow her a TOLAC given her prior obstetric history. Case: A 34-year-old para 1 with prior cesarean delivery due to shoulder dystocia that required Zavanelli maneuver presents determined to pursue VBAC in her current pregnancy. She considered her delivery route options and addressed her modifiable risk factors. She consulted with multiple perinatologists who agreed that a TOLAC was reasonable, however she had to travel more than 70 miles (from Pennsylvania to New Jersey) to find an obstetrical practice and hospital willing to consider VBAC. She transferred care and the remainder of her prenatal course was uncomplicated. She went into labor at 41 weeks and had a successful VBAC without complication. In a thank you letter to her obstetrician, she described her birth experience as euphoric. Conclusion: This case illustrates how a woman’s choice of delivery route may be impacted by fear of litigation. Local providers focused on her prior delivery instead of her overall improved risk profile. Delivery route decisions should be based on a thorough evaluation of all risk factors and individualized to meet the reproductive goals of each woman. .

关键词： Vaginal Birth after Cesarean Zavanelli Autonomy Case Report

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晶粒长大对高纯Al{111}/{111}近奇异晶界的影响

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金属学报 2024年第1期60卷 80-94页

作者：冯小铮王卫国 gregory S.Rohrer 陈松洪丽华林燕王宗谱周邦新福建理工大学晶界工程研究所福州350118 福建理工大学材料科学与工程学院福州350118 Department of materials Science and Engineering Carnegie Mellon UniversityPittsburghPA 15213-3890USA 上海大学材料研究所上海200072

{111}/{111}近奇异晶界较比一般晶界更耐蚀,如何提高此类晶界比例以显著提高Al及其合金晶界腐蚀抗力是一个新课题。本工作选用99.99%(质量分数)高纯Al为研究对象,考察晶粒长大对{111}/{111}近奇异晶界的影响。样品经室温多向锻造和370... 详细信息

{111}/{111}近奇异晶界较比一般晶界更耐蚀,如何提高此类晶界比例以显著提高Al及其合金晶界腐蚀抗力是一个新课题。本工作选用99.99%(质量分数)高纯Al为研究对象,考察晶粒长大对{111}/{111}近奇异晶界的影响。样品经室温多向锻造和370℃再结晶退火后,再经500℃保温不同时间,采用基于EBSD和五参数分析的晶界界面匹配表征方法对样品进行测试和分析。结果表明,随着晶粒长大,{111}/{111}近奇异晶界的比例显著增加。当平均晶粒尺寸由38μm长大至77μm时,{111}/{111}近奇异晶界的比例由3.91%增加至6.56%。离线原位EBSD和晶界迹线分析表明,晶粒长大过程中,{111}/{111}近奇异晶界主要通过具有/θ(θ为取向差转角)取向差关系的两两晶粒吞并周边晶粒并相遇后形成;具有/θ取向差关系的相邻晶粒,其晶界通过再取向调整至{111}/{111}位置,亦可形成此类近奇异晶界。{111}/{111}近奇异晶界存在旋错结构,其原子排列有序度显著高于一般晶界,这是此类晶界比一般晶界更耐蚀的原因。

关键词：高纯Al 晶粒长大近奇异晶界晶界界面匹配

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Association between Exposure to metals during Pregnancy,Childhood Gut microbiome,and Risk of Intestinal Inflammation in Late Childhood

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Environment & Health 2024年第10期2卷 739-749页

作者： Vishal midya manasi Agrawal Jamil m.Lane Chris Gennings Leonid Tarassishin Libni A.Torres-Olascoaga Joseph Eggers Jill K.gregory mellissa Picker Inga Peter Jeremiah J.Faith manish Arora martha m.Tellez-Rojo Robert O.Wright Jean-Frederic Colombel Shoshannah Eggers Department of Environmental medicine and Climate Science Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew York 10029-6574New YorkUnited States Division of Gastroenterology Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew York 10029-6574New YorkUnited States Center for molecular Prediction of Inflammatory Bowel Disease(PREDICT) Department of Clinical MedicineAalborg UniversityCopenhagen 9220Denmark Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences Icahn School of MedicineNew York 10029-6574New YorkUnited States Center for Research on Nutrition and Health National Institute of Public HealthCuernavaca 62508Mexico Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew York 10029-6574New YorkUnited States Department of Epidemiology University of Iowa College of Public HealthIowa City 52242 IowaUnited States Instructional Technology Group Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew York 10029-6574New YorkUnited States

Alterations to the gut microbiome and exposure to metals during pregnancy have been suggested to impact inflammatory bowel ***,how prenatal exposure to metals eventually results in long-term effects on the gut microbiome,leading to subclinical intestinal inflammation,particularly during late childhood,has not been *** is also unknown whether such an interactive effect drives a specific subgroup of children toward elevated susceptibility to intestinal *** used an amalgamation of machine-learning techniques with a regression-based framework to explore if children with distinct sets of gut microbes and certain patterns of exposure to metals during pregnancy(metal−microbial clique signature)had a higher likelihood of intestinal inflammation,measured based on fecal calprotectin(FC)in late *** obtained samples from a well-characterized longitudinal birth cohort from mexico City(n=108),*** the second and third trimesters of pregnancy,11 metals were measured in whole *** microbial abundances and FC were measured in stool samples from children 9−11 years of *** FC was defined as having FC above 100μg/g of *** identified subgroups of children in whom microbial and metal−microbial clique signatures were associated with elevated FC(false discovery rate(FDR)metal−microbial clique signatures significantly associated with elevated FC:(1)low cesium(Cs)and copper(Cu)in the third trimester and low relative abundance of Eubacterium ventriosum(OR[95%CI]:10.27[3.57,29.52],FDRmester and high relative abundances of Roseburia inulinivorans and Ruminococcus torques(OR[95%CI]:7.21[1.81,28.77],FDRmonstrates that children with specific gut microbes and specific exposure patterns to metals during pregnancy may have higher fecal calprotectin levels in late childhood,denoting an elevated risk of intestinal inflammation.

关键词： exposome metals machine learning microbiome environmental epidemiology intestinal inflammation

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有向图上的一些猜想和开放问题

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数学进展 2024年第1期53卷 1-12页

作者：艾江东 gregory GUTIN 史永堂 Ander YEO 南开大学数学科学学院核心数学与组合数学教育部重点实验室天津300371 伦敦大学皇家霍洛威学院计算机科学系英国萨里郡TW200EX 南开大学组合数学中心核心数学与组合数学教育部重点实验室天津300371 南丹麦大学数学与计算机科学系丹麦欧登塞M区DK-5230 约翰内斯堡大学数学与应用数学系南非约翰内斯堡2006

讨论了有向图上的几个猜想和开放问题.一些尚未解决的问题是新的.

关键词：有向图出度圈路分划最大有向割集拟核 Seymour二次邻域猜想无圈2-染色

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高温压缩变形Al-Zn-mg-Cu合金动态再结晶后的{111}/{111}近奇异晶界

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金属学报 2024年第9期60卷 1165-1178页

作者：刘光辉王卫国 gregory S Rohrer 陈松林燕童芳冯小铮周邦新福建理工大学晶界工程研究所福州350118 福建理工大学材料科学与工程学院福州350118 Department of materials Science and Engineering Carnegie Mellon UniversityPittsburghPA15213-3890USA 上海大学材料研究所上海200072

提高{111}/{111}近奇异晶界比例可增强Al-Zn-mg-Cu合金晶界腐蚀抗力,为了解此类晶界形成机理并探索其调控方法,本工作将470℃、12 h和520℃、6 h双级固溶及冷轧后再结晶的Al-Zn-mg-Cu合金样品分别在450、480和520℃进行应变速率为0.001 ... 详细信息

提高{111}/{111}近奇异晶界比例可增强Al-Zn-mg-Cu合金晶界腐蚀抗力,为了解此类晶界形成机理并探索其调控方法,本工作将470℃、12 h和520℃、6 h双级固溶及冷轧后再结晶的Al-Zn-mg-Cu合金样品分别在450、480和520℃进行应变速率为0.001 s^(-1)、真应变为1.20的压缩变形,压缩后立即水冷。采用电子背散射衍射和基于五参数分析的晶界界面匹配定量表征方法对上述3个样品的显微组织和晶界特征分布进行观察分析。结果表明,高温压缩后的显微组织不均匀,存在间隔分明的细晶组织和粗晶组织,其中细晶组织中的晶界以小角度晶界(LAGB)为主,粗晶组织中的晶界以大角度晶界(HAGB)为主;粗、细晶组织中的{111}/{111}近奇异晶界({111}/{111}-NSB)比例均随压缩温度的升高而增大,其中经520℃压缩的试样,其LAGB中的{111}/{111}-NSB占总晶界的比例为8.77%,HAGB中的{111}/{111}-NSB占总晶界的比例为4.53%。进一步考察各试样的应力-应变曲线以及450℃压缩30%时的显微组织特征可见,应变介于0.05~0.70为稳态流变阶段,主要发生初次动态再结晶(DRX),其主要由粗晶及其HAGB构成。应变介于0.70~1.20为二次硬化阶段,主要发生二次DRX,其中不连续DRX(DDRX)和连续DRX(CDRX)同时进行,且优先发生在某些微区;不论是DDRX因形核和核心长大生成的HAGB,还是CDRX因亚晶合并引入的LAGB,均使对应微区的晶粒细化,导致样品总体流变应力急剧上升。二次DRX阶段,CDRX行为随压缩温度的提高而增强,{111}/{111}-NSB比例也随之增加,特别是LAGB中的{111}/{111}-NSB比例快速增加。

关键词： Al-Zn-mg-Cu合金近奇异晶界晶界界面匹配连续动态再结晶

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