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Schizophrenia-associated microRNA–Gene Interactions in the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex

Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2019年第6期17卷 623-634页

作者： Danielle m.Santarelli Adam P.Carroll Heath m.cairns Paul A.Tooney m.rray j.cairns School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy The University of NewcastleCallaghanNSW 2308Australia Centre for Brain and mental Health Research Hunter Medical Research InstituteNewcastleNSW 2305Australia

Schizophrenia-associated anomalies in gene expression in postmortem brain can be attributed to a combination of genetic and environmental influences. Given the small effect size of common variants, it is likely that we may only see the combined impact of some of these at the pathway level in small postmortem studies. At the gene level, however, there may be more impact from common environmental exposures mediated by influential epigenomic modifiers, such as microRNA(miRNA). We hypothesise that dysregulation of miRNAs and their alteration of gene expression have significant implications in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. In this study, we integrate changes in cortical gene and miRNA expression to identify regulatory interactions and networks associated with the disorder. Gene expression analysis in post-mortem prefrontal dorsolateral cortex(BA 46)(n = 74 matched pairs of schizophrenia, schizoaffective, and control samples)was integrated with miRNA expression in the same cohort to identify gene–miRNA regulatory networks. A significant gene–miRNA interaction network was identified, including miR-92 a, miR-495,and miR-134, which converged with differentially expressed genes in pathways involved in neurodevelopment and oligodendrocyte function. The capacity for miRNA to directly regulate gene expression through respective binding sites in BCL11 A, PLP1, and SYT11 was also confirmed to support the biological relevance of this integrated network model. The observations in this study support the hypothesis that mi RNA dysregulation is an important factor in the complex pathophysiology of schizophrenia.

关键词： Schizophrenia microRNA Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex Network Neuropathology

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Relationship between single and bulk mechanical properties for zeolite ZSm5 spray-dried particles

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Particuology 2014年第3期12卷 130-138页

作者： m.marigo D.L.cairns j.Bowen A.Ingram E.H.Stitt johnson matthey Technology Centre P.O.Box 1Belasis AvenueBillinghamCleveland TS23 1LBUnited Kingdom Centre for Formulation Engineering Chemical EngineeringSchool of EngineeringThe University of BirminghamB15 2TTUnited Kingdom

In this work typical mechanical properties for a catalyst support material, ZSm5 （a spray-dried granular zeolite）, have been measured in order to relate the bulk behaviour of the powder material to the single particle mechanical properties. Particle shape and size distribution of the powders, determined by laser diffraction and scanning electron microscopy （SEm）, confirmed the spherical shape of the spray-dried particles. The excellent flowability of the material was assessed by typical methods such as the Hausner ratio and the Cart index, This was confirmed by bulk measurements of the particle-particle internal friction parameter and flow function using a Schulze shear cell, which also illustrated the low compressibility of the material. Single particle compression was used to characterize single particle mechanical properties such as reduced elastic modulus and strength from Hertz contact mechanics theory. Comparison with surface properties obtained from nanoindentation suggests heterogeneity, the surface being harder than the core. In order to evaluate the relationship between single particle mechanical properties and bulk compression behaviour, uniaxial confined compression was carried out. It was determined that the Adams model was suitable for describing the bulk compression and furthermore that the Adams model parameter, apparent strength of single particles, was in good agreement with the single particle strength determined from single particle compression test.

关键词： Zeolite particle Flowability Powder flow function Effective angle of internal friction Schulze shear cell Nanoindentation Single particle compression Bulk compression

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Assessing the potential for satellite image monitoring of seagrass thermal dynamics:for inter-and shallow sub-tidal seagrasses in the inshore Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area,Australia

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International journal of Digital Earth 2018年第8期11卷 803-824页

作者： S.R.Phinn E.m.Kovacs C.m.Roelfsema R.F.Canto C.j.Collier L.j.mcKenzie Remote Sensing Research Centre School of Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of QueenslandSt LuciaAustralia Centre for Tropical Water and TERRAtic Ecosystem Research(TropWATER) James Cook UniversityCairnsAustralia

Seagrass meadows are at increasing risk of thermal stress and recent work has shown that water temperature around seagrass meadows could be used as an indicator for seagrass *** thermal data have not been linked to the thermal properties of seagrass *** work assessed the covariation between 20 in situ average daily temperature logger measurement sites in tropical seagrass meadows and satellite derived daytime SST(sea surface temperature)from the daytime mODIS and Landsat sensors along the Great Barrier Reef coast in *** significant(R2=0.787–0.939)positive covariations were found between in situ seagrass logger temperatures and mODIS SST temperature and Landsat sensor temperatures at all sites along the *** mODIS SST were consistently higher than in situ temperature at the majority of the sites,possibly due to the sensor’s larger pixel size and location offset from field *** thermal data were lower than field-measured SST,due to differences in measurement scales and *** refined significantly and tested over larger areas,this approach could be used to monitor seagrass health over large(106 km2)areas in a similar manner to using satellite SST for predicting thermal stress for corals.

关键词： Seagrass temperature thermal tolerance satellite sea surface temperature Landsat mODIS Great Barrier Reef

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Redesigning crop varieties to win the race between climate change and food security

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molecular Plant 2023年第10期16卷 1590-1611页

作者： Kevin V.Pixley jill E.cairns Santiago Lopez-Ridaura Chris O.Ojiewo maryam Abba Dawud Inoussa Drabo Taye mindaye Baloua Nebie Godfrey Asea Biswanath Das Happy Daudi Haile Desmae Benoit joseph Batieno Ousmane Boukar Clare T.m.mukankusi Stanley T.Nkalubo Sarah j.Hearne Kanwarpal S.Dhugga Harish Gandhi Sieglinde Snapp Ernesto Adair Zepeda-Villarreal International maize and Wheat Improvement Center(CImmYT) TexcocoMexico International maize and Wheat Improvement Center(CImmYT) HarareZimbabwe International maize and Wheat Improvement Center(CImmYT) NairobiKenya Lake Chad Research Institute(LCRI) MaidiguriNigeria International maize and Wheat Improvement Center(CImmYT) DakarSenegal Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research(EIAR) Addis AbabaEthiopia National Agricultural Research Organization(NARO) KampalaUganda Tanzania Agricultural Research Institute(TARI) NaliendeleTanzania Institut de l'Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles(INERA) OuagadougouBurkina Faso International Institute of Tropicl Agriculture(IITA) KanoNigeria Alliance of Bioversity International and CIAT KampalaUganda

Climate change poses daunting challenges to agricultural production and food *** temperatures,shifting weather patterns,and more frequent extreme events have already demonstrated their effects on local,regional,and global agricultural *** varieties that withstand climate-related stresses and are suitable for cultivation in innovative cropping systems will be crucial to maximize risk avoidance,productivity,and profitability under climate-changed *** surveyed 588 expert stakeholders to predict current and novel traits that may be essential for future pearl millet,sorghum,maize,groundnut,cowpea,and common bean varieties,particularly in sub-Saharan *** then review the current progress and prospects for breeding three prioritized future-essential traits for each of these *** predict that most current breeding priorities will remain important,but that rates of genetic gain must increase to keep pace with climate challenges and consumer ***,the predicted future-essential traits include innovative breeding targets that must also be prioritized;for example,(1)optimized rhizosphere microbiome,with benefits for P,N,and water use efficiency,(2)optimized performance across or in specific cropping systems,(3)lower nighttime respiration,(4)improved stover quality,and(5)increased early *** further discuss cutting-edge tools and approaches to discover,validate,and incorporate novel genetic diversity from exotic germplasm into breeding populations with unprecedented precision,accuracy,and *** conclude that the greatest challenge to developing crop varieties to win the race between climate change and food security might be our innovativeness in defining and boldness to breed for the traits of tomorrow.

关键词： climate change food security crop breeding cropping systems expert survey sub-Saharan Africa

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Evaluation on Inducible Effect of pOp6 Promoter in Transgenic Rice

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Agricultural Science & Technology 2014年第5期15卷 742-744页

作者： Rouyi CHEN Changxiang ZHENG jiang CHENG minna PAN mariena KETUDAT-cairns Guizhou Institute of Upland Food Crops Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences School of Biotechnology Suranaree University of Technology

In order to analyze the Oslbglu4 phenotype, the inducible promoter of the transgenic rice which knock-down the Oslbglu4 expression was assessed. The result showed that 30 μm dexamethasone（DEX） had the stronger induction effect than 10 μm DEX by β-Glucuronidase （GUS） staining, qRT-PCR further verified the Oslbglu4 gene deletion. The effect of DEX and its solvent absolute ethanol on seed development was measured, and no significant effect was observed. The conclusion is that final concentration of DEX at 30 μm is suitable for pOp6 promoter induction.

关键词： POp6 promoter GUS activity Inducible effect

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Lions, hyenas and mobs （oh my!）

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Current Zoology 2017年第3期63卷 313-322页

作者： Kenna D.S. LEHmANN Tracy m. mONTGOmERY Sarah m. mACLACHLAN jenna m. PARKERC livia S. SPAGNUOLO Kelsey j. VANDEWETERING Patrick S. BILLS Kay E. HOLEKAmP Department of Integrative Biology Michigan State University 288 Farm Lane Room 203 East Lansing MI 48824 USA Ecology Evolutionary Biology and Behavior Michigan State University 293 Farm Lane Room 103 East Lansing MI 48824 USA Department of Fish Wildlife and Conservation Biology Colorado State University 1474 Campus Delivery Fort Collins CO 80523 USA Conservation Ecology and Environmental Informatics School of Natural Resources and Environment University of Michigan 440 Church St. Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA Institute for Cyber Enabled Research Michigan State University Biomedical & Physical Sciences Building 567 Wilson Road Room 1440 East Lansing MI 48824 USA

Understanding the factors that facilitate the emergence of cooperation among organisms is central to the study of social evolution. Spotted hyenas Crocuta crocuta frequently cooperate to mob lions Panthera leo, approaching the lions as a tightknit group while vocalizing loudly in an attempt to overwhelm them and drive them away. Whereas cooperative mobbing behavior has been well documented in birds and some mammals, to our knowledge it has never been described during interactions between 2 apex predators. Using a 27-year dataset, we characterize lion-hyena encoun- ters, assess rates of mobbing behavior observed during these interactions, and inquire whether mobbing results in successful acquisition of food. Lions and hyenas interacted most often at fresh kills, especially as prey size and the number of hyenas present increased. Possession of food at the beginning of an interaction positively affected retention of that food by each predator species. The presence of male lions increased the probability of an interspecific interaction but decreased the likelihood of hyenas obtaining or retaining possession of the food. Hyena mobbing rates were highest at fresh kills, but lower when adult male lions were present. The occurrence of mobbing was predicted by an increase in the number of hyenas present. Whether or not mobbing resulted in acquisition of food from lions was predicted by an increase in the number of mobs formed by the hyenas present, suggesting that cooperation among hyenas enhances their fitness.

关键词： competition cooperation hyena lion mobbing sociality.

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银合欢壳多糖酶在转基因Khao Da wk mali 105籼稻中的表达(英文)

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贵州大学学报（自然科学版） 2010年第1期27卷 53-61页

作者： mana Kaomek james R. Ketudat-cairns 泰国瓦莱阿隆功皇家师范大学研究生院泰国巴吞他尼府12180 苏拉哪里理工大学生化学院理学研究所泰国呵叻府湄宏順市區30000

通过含有pCAmBIA1300载体(抗潮霉素基因(hpt)作为选择标记基因)的根癌农杆菌菌株EHA105的介导,将326个银合欢I型碱性壳多糖酶基因(KB3,GenBank登录号为:AAm49597)的氨基酸导入到籼稻Khao Dawk mali 105(KDmL 105)植株中,获得了KDmL 105... 详细信息

通过含有pCAmBIA1300载体(抗潮霉素基因(hpt)作为选择标记基因)的根癌农杆菌菌株EHA105的介导,将326个银合欢I型碱性壳多糖酶基因(KB3,GenBank登录号为:AAm49597)的氨基酸导入到籼稻Khao Dawk mali 105(KDmL 105)植株中,获得了KDmL 105籼稻的愈伤组织。pCAmBIA1300载体包含有CamV35S启动子、银合欢壳多糖酶基因和NOS终止子。在NB培养基的水稻秧苗中愈伤组织的转化率为94%.在培养温度为28℃,以含有4 mg/l BAP和7 g/l植物凝胶再生培养基的条件下,愈伤组织的再生频率高达80%.为了建立一个KDmL 105农杆菌转化方法,考察了各方面的因素。共培养期间,在培养基中添加50μm的乙酰丁香酮对提高瞬时转化率非常重要。4周龄的盾片衍生的愈伤组织是最佳的起始材料。添加40 mg/l潮霉素和400 mg/l头孢霉素的NB培养基是水稻愈伤组织选择性转化的最佳培养基,其转化率达到78%.采用PCR、Northern Blot杂交凝胶、Southern Blot杂交凝胶和GUS分析技术研究了愈伤组织和转基因水稻中的壳多糖酶和gus基因的表达。壳多糖酶和gus基因在水稻的多个部位被检测到,包括愈伤组织、叶、根、茎和秧苗,但是它们在水稻根部的含量较少。抗真菌的水稻壳多糖酶表现出抗串珠镰刀菌的性质。

关键词：壳多糖酶表达银合欢 Khao Dawk mali 105 转基因水稻

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maser radiation from collisionless shocks: application to astrophysical jets

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2019年第1期7卷 120-127页

作者： D.C.Speirs K.Ronald A.D.R.Phelps m.E.Koepke R.A.cairns A.Rigby F.Cruz R.m.G.m.Trines R.Bamford B.j.Kellett B.Albertazzi j.E.Cross F.Fraschetti P.Graham P.m.Kozlowski Y.Kuramitsu F.miniati T.morita m.Oliver B.Reville Y.Sakawa S.Sarkar C.Spindloe m.Koenig L.O.Silva D.Q.Lamb P.Tzeferacos S.Lebedev G.Gregori R.Bingham Department of Physics SUPA University of Strathclyde Department of Physics West Virginia University School of mathematics and Statistics University of St.Andrews Department of Physics University of Oxford GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fus?u Nuclear Instituto Superior T'ecnico Universidade de Lisboa STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Laboratoire pour l’Utilisation de Lasers Intenses UMR7605 CNRS CEA Universit'e Paris VI Ecole Polytechnique Departments of Planetary Sciences and Astronomy University of Arizona AWE Aldermaston Reading West Berkshire Department of Physics National Central University Institute of Laser Engineering Osaka University School of mathematics and Physics Queen’s University Belfast Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics University of Chicago Imperial College London

This paper describes a model of electron energization and cyclotron-maser emission applicable to astrophysical magnetized collisionless shocks. It is motivated by the work of Begelman, Ergun and Rees [Astrophys. j. 625, 51(2005)] who argued that the cyclotron-maser instability occurs in localized magnetized collisionless shocks such as those expected in blazar jets. We report on recent research carried out to investigate electron acceleration at collisionless shocks and maser radiation associated with the accelerated electrons. We describe how electrons accelerated by lower-hybrid waves at collisionless shocks generate cyclotron-maser radiation when the accelerated electrons move into regions of stronger magnetic fields. The electrons are accelerated along the magnetic field and magnetically compressed leading to the formation of an electron velocity distribution having a horseshoe shape due to conservation of the electron magnetic moment. Under certain conditions the horseshoe electron velocity distribution function is unstable to the cyclotron-maser instability [Bingham and cairns, Phys. Plasmas 7, 3089(2000); melrose, Rev. mod. Plasma Phys. 1, 5(2017)].

关键词： laboratory astrophysics plasma physics particle acceleration plasma-wave instabilities

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Impact of patch size on woody tree species richness and abundance in a tropical montane evergreen forest patches of south India

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journal of Forestry Research 2018年第6期29卷 1675-1687页

作者： Dharmalingam mohandass mason j.Campbell Priya Davidar Root and Soil Biology Laboratory Department of BotanyBharathiar UniversityCoimbatoreTaminadu 641046India Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science(T.E.S.S.) College of Science and EngineeringJames Cook UniversityCairnsQLD 4870Australia Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences Pondicherry UniversityKalapetPondicherry 605014India

We examined the effects of forest patch size on woody tree species richness and abundance in tropical montane evergreen forest patches of the Nilgiri region,south India. We sampled woody trees(>1 cm dbh) from 21 forest patches in the upper Nilgiri hills(> 2000 m elevation) and recorded a total of 35,146 individuals of 61 species, 45 genera and 30 families. Species richness and abundance of sapling/shrubs(≥ 1 to m dbh)increased significantly with increasing patch size, but the species richness and abundance of small, medium and larger trees(≥ 10 to m dbh,respectively) did not. Overall, forest interior species richness and abundance increased significantly with increasing patch size but edge species richness did not. Species richness and abundance of shade-tolerant and shade-demanding tree species also increased with increasing patch size. The abundance of zoochory dispersed tree species was significantly related to increasing patch size, but those dispersed by autochory did not display any clear relationship between patch size and species richness or *** findings suggest that with increasing forest patch area,tree compositional patterns may be driven by species specific shade-tolerance adaptations and dispersal *** responses in these traits by the plant community within the individual habitat zones of forest edge and interiors likely plays a major role in determining the inherent plant community and thus the subsequent ecological processes of forest patches, including their responses to increasing patch area.

关键词： Dispersal mode Forest fragments Shade-tolerance Species–area relationships Western Ghats

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Effects of plant intraspecific variation on the prediction of C_(3)/C_(4)vegetation ratio from carbon isotope composition of topsoil organic matter across grasslands

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journal of Plant Ecology 2021年第4期14卷 628-637页

作者： Wentao Luo Xiaoguang Wang Karl Auerswald Zhengwen Wang michael I.Bird Christopher j.Still Xiao-Tao Lv Xingguo Han Erguna Forest-Steppe Ecotone Research Station Institute of Applied EcologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China College of Environment and Resources Dalian Minzu UniversityDalian 116600China Technische Universität münchen Lehrstuhl für GrünlandlehreAlte Akademie 1285350 Freising-WeihenstephanGermany College of Science and Engineering and ARC Centre of Excellence for Australian Biodiversity and Heritage James Cook UniversityCairnsQueensland 4870Australia Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society Oregon State UniversityCorvallisORUSA State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100093China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Aims Understanding the patterns and drivers of carbon isotope discrimination(13Δ)in C_(3)and C_(4)functional groups is critical for predicting C_(3)/C_(4)vegetation ratio from the isotopic composition of soil organic *** this study,we aimed to evaluate how intraspecific variation will modify functional group-level 13Δvalues and the associated prediction of C_(3)/C_(4)vegetation *** We investigated 13Δof 726 individual plants(96 species;C_(3)and C_(4)functional groups)and topsoil organic matter in 26 grassland communities along an aridity gradient in northern *** fraction of C_(4)contribution was calculated with mixing models that considered:(i)both intra-and interspecific effects on the 13Δvalues of C_(3)and C_(4)functional groups;(ii)only interspecific effects;or(iii)none of these *** Findings We found divergent responses of plant 13Δat the intraspecific level to the changes of aridity across the *** 13Δof both C_(3)and C_(4)functional groups was negatively correlated with an aridity index,with higher sensitivity for C_(3)than for C_(4)functional *** 13Δvariation played a key role in driving the total 13Δvariations of C_(3)*** such intraspecific effect in mixing models led to a greatly increased fraction of C_(4)contribution to soil organic carbon.A correction for the effects of intraspecific variation is therefore essential for correctly inferring C_(3)/C_(4)vegetation ratio in the *** findings provide basic information for the reconstruction of past vegetation change from bulk materials in arid and semiarid biomes.

关键词： arid and semiarid grasslands interspecific variation intraspecific variation soil organic matter two-member mixing models vegetation ratio

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