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Using Natural Radionuclides to Trace Sources of Suspended Particles in the Lower Reaches of the Yellow River

Journal of Ocean University of China 2024年第1期23卷 99-108页

作者： ZHANG Han burnett CWilliam ZHANG Xiaojie ZHAO Shibin YANG Disong NAN Haiming YU Zhigang XU Bochao Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean multispheres and Earth System and Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and TechnologyMinistry of EducationOcean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China Laboratory for marine Ecology and Environmental Science Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdao 266071China College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China Department of Earth Ocean and Atmospheric ScienceFlorida State UniversityTallahasseeFL 32306USA North China Sea Environmental monitoring Center State Oceanic AdministrationKey Laboratory of Ecological Prewarning and Protection of Bohai SeaMNRQingdao 266033China Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of marine Ecological Environment and Disaster Prevention and mitigation Qingdao 266033China

Natural radionuclides are powerful tools for understanding the sources and fate of suspended particulate matter(SPm).Particulate matter with different particle sizes behaves differently with respect to adsorption and *** analyzed the activi-ties and distribution characteristics of multiple natural radionuclides(238U,226Ra,40K,228Ra,7Be and 210Pbex)on size-fractionated SPm at the Lijin Hydrographic Station(Huanghe or Yellow River)every month over a one-year *** showed that medium silt(16–32µm)was the main *** expected,the activity of each radionuclide decreased with an increase of particle *** examined the sources of SPm with different particle sizes using activity ratios of 226Ra/238U,228Ra/226Ra,40K/238U and 7Be/210Pbex,and concluded that SPm with different particle sizes originated from different *** results indicate that fine SPm(m)was mainly from the erosion of soil along the lower reaches of the Yellow River,while coarse SPm(>32µm)was mainly derived from resuspension of riverbed *** high runoff periods,the concentration of SPm increased significantly,and the pro-portion of fine particles originating upstream *** occurring radioactive isotopes,especially on size-fractionated par-ticles,are therefore seen as useful tracers to understand the sources and behaviors of riverine particles transported from land to sea.

关键词： the Yellow River suspended particulate matter size-fractions radionuclides sediment sources water elutriator

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Factors associated with increased incidence of severe toxicities following yttrium-90 resin microspheres in the treatment of hepatic malignancies

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第10期22卷 3006-3014页

作者： John D Roberson II Andrew m mc Donald Craig J Baden Chee Paul Lin Rojymon Jacob Omer L burnett III School of medicine University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham AL 35294-3412 United States Department of Radiation Oncology University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham AL 35233 United States Center for Clinical and Translational Science University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham AL 35205 United States

AIm: To further define variables associated with increased incidences of severe toxicities following administration of yttrium-90 (90Y) ***: Fifty-eight patients undergoing 79 treatments were retrospectively assessed for development of clinical and laboratory toxicity incidence following 90Y administration. Severe toxicity events were defined using Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 4.03 and defined as grade ≥ 3. Univariate logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the effect of different factors on the incidence of severe toxicity events. multicollinearity was assessed for all factors with P matrices. All factors not excluded due to multicollinearity were included in a multivariate logistic regression model for each measurement of severe ***: Severe (grade ≥ 3) toxicities occurred following 21.5% of the 79 treatments included in our analysis. The most common severe laboratory toxicities were severe alkaline phosphatase (17.7%), albumin (12.7%), and total bilirubin (10.1%) toxicities. Decreased pre-treatment albumin (OR = 26.2, P = 0.010) and increased pre-treatment international normalized ratio (INR) (OR = 17.7, P = 0.048) were associated with development of severe hepatic toxicity. Increased pre-treatment aspartate aminotransferase (AST; OR = 7.4, P = 0.025) and decreased pre-treatment hemoglobin (OR = 12.5, P = 0.025) were associated with severe albumin toxicity. Increasing pre-treatment model for end-stage liver disease (mELD) score (OR = 1.8, P = 0.033) was associated with severe total bilirubin toxicity. Colorectal adenocarcinoma histology was associated with severe alkaline phosphatase toxicity (OR = 5.4, P = 0.043).CONCLUSION: Clinicians should carefully consider pre-treatment albumin, INR, AST, hemoglobin, mELD, and colorectal histology when choosing appropriate candidates for 90Y microsphere therapy.

关键词： Yttrium-90 microspheres Liver metastases multivariate analysis Toxicity incidence Colorectal adenocarcinoma

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Bovine immunoglobulin protein isolates for the nutritional management of enteropathy

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第33期20卷 11713-11726页

作者： Bryon W Petschow Anthony T Blikslager Eric m Weaver Joy m Campbell Javier Polo Audrey L Shaw Bruce P burnett Gerald L Klein J marc Rhoads Entera Health Inc. NC 27518 United States College of Veterinary medicine North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27607 United States APC Inc. Ankeny IA 50021 United States APC Europe S.A. Barcelona E-08403 Spain University of Texas Health Sciences Center Houston TX 77030 United States

The gastrointestinal tract is responsible for a multitude of digestive and immune functions which depend upon the balanced interaction of the intestinal microbiota, diet, gut barrier function, and mucosal immune response. Disruptions in one or more of these factors can lead to intestinal disorders or enteropathies which are characterized by intestinal inflammation, increased gut permeability, and reduced capacity to absorb nutrients. Enteropathy is frequently associated with human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) infection, inflammatory bowel disease, autoimmune enteropathy, radiation enteritis, and irritable bowel syndrome(IBS), where pathologic changes in the intestinal tract lead to abdominal discomfort, bloating, abnormal bowel function(e.g., diarrhea, urgency, constipation and malabsorption). Unfortunately, effective therapies for the management ofenteropathy and restoring intestinal health are still not available. An accumulating body of preclinical studies has demonstrated that oral administration of plasmaor serum-derived protein concentrates containing high levels of immunoglobulins can improve weight, normalize gut barrier function, and reduce the severity of enteropathy in animal models. Recent studies in humans, using serum-derived bovine immunoglobulin/protein isolate, demonstrate that such protein preparations are safe and improve symptoms, nutritional status, and various biomarkers associated with enteropathy. Benefits have been shown in patients with HIV infection or diarrhea-predominant IBS. This review summarizes preclinical and clinical studies with plasma/serum protein concentrates and describes the effects on host nutrition, intestinal function, and markers of intestinal inflammation. It supports the concept that immunoglobulin-containing protein preparations may offer a new strategy for restoring functional homeostasis in the intestinal tract of patients with enteropathy.

关键词： Immunoglobulins Plasma proteins Inflammation Gut barrier Diarrhea malabsorption Treatment Nutrition

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4D imaging of void nucleation,growth,and coalescence from large and small inclusions in steel under tensile deformation

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Journal of materials Science & Technology 2022年第28期123卷 168-176页

作者： Yi Guo Timothy L.burnett Samuel A.mcDonald michael Daly Andrew H.Sherry Philip J.Withers Shenyang National Laboratory for materials Science Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China Henry Royce Institute Department of MaterialsUniversity of ManchesterM139PLUK European Synchrotron Radiation Facility(ESRF) 6 rue J Horowitz38000 GrenobleFrance National Nuclear Laboratory Chadwick HouseBirchwood ParkWarringtonWA36AEUK

Samples of SA508 grade 3 nuclear pressure vessel ferritic steel were subjected to tensile straining whilst being simultaneously imaged in 3D in real time using high resolution,high frame rate time-lapse synchrotron computed tomography(CT).This enabled direct observation of void development from nucleation,through growth to coalescence and final failure validating many inferences made post-mortem or by theoretical models,as well as raising new *** sparse,large inclusions were found to nucleate voids at essentially zero plastic strain(consistent with zero interfacial strength);these became increasingly elongated with *** contrast,a high density of small spherical voids were found to nucleate from the sub-micron cementite particles at larger strains(>200%)only in the centre of the necked(high triaxiality)*** interfacial strength approaching 2100 mPa was inferred and soon after their nucleation,these small voids coalesce to form internal microcracks that lead to the final failure of the *** surprisingly,under these conditions of generally low triaxial constraint the large voids are simply cut across and appear to play no significant role in determining the final *** implications of these results are discussed in terms of ductile fracture behaviour and the Gurson model for ductile fracture.

关键词： Void growth Ductile fracture Synchrotron X-ray tomography 4D imaging Bainitic steel

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重载流多芯电缆周围的磁场I.理论模型

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上海交通大学学报 2002年第2期36卷 237-242页

作者：傅正财杜亚平 J.burnett 上海交通大学电力学院上海200030 香港理工大学屋宇设备工程学系

多芯电力电缆在低压配电系统中常被用作配电干线 .这种重载流电缆周围的极低频磁场可能干扰附近敏感电子设备的正常运行 ,甚至影响暴露于该场下的人体的健康 .为分析这种磁场的分布特性 ,建立了多芯电缆周围磁场的载流平行螺旋线模型 ,... 详细信息

多芯电力电缆在低压配电系统中常被用作配电干线 .这种重载流电缆周围的极低频磁场可能干扰附近敏感电子设备的正常运行 ,甚至影响暴露于该场下的人体的健康 .为分析这种磁场的分布特性 ,建立了多芯电缆周围磁场的载流平行螺旋线模型 ,并推导了周围磁场的简化计算公式 .基于所提出的理论模型对电缆周围磁场的特性进行了分析 ,发现在电缆的半径方向上磁场随距离衰减的速度大于指数衰减速度 .在平行于电缆轴线的直线上和在电缆的同轴圆周线上 ,磁场的幅值和相角都随观测点的位置周期变化 .理论计算结果表明 ,常用规格的多芯电力电缆在载额定电流的情况下 ,距电缆 2 m外空间中的磁场已小于有关国际标准的限值 .

关键词：重载流理论模型多芯电力电缆极低频磁场电磁兼容低压配电系统

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Submarine groundwater discharge and seasonal hypoxia off the Changjiang River Estuary

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海洋学报:英文版 2023年第8期42卷 125-133页

作者： Tianyi Zhu Bochao Xu Xiaoyi Guo Qinsheng Wei Ergang Lian Pengxia Liu William C.burnett Qingzhen Yao Zhigang Yu Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean multispheres and Earth System/Key Laboratory of marine Chemistry Theory and Technology of ministry of Education Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China Laboratory for marine Ecology and Environmental Science Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdao 266071China College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China Academy of the Future Ocean Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China Key Laboratory of marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology First Institute of OceanographyMinistry of Natural ResourcesQingdao 266100China Research Center for monitoring and Environmental Sciences Taihu Basin and East China Sea Ecological Environment Supervision and Administration AuthorityMinistry of Ecology and EnvironmentShanghai 200120China State Key Laboratory of marine Geology Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Department of Earth Ocean and Atmospheric ScienceFlorida State UniversityTallahassee FL 32306USA

Hypoxia is a common phenomenon in the sea adjacent to the Changjiang River Estuary(CJE),one of the global major *** groundwater discharge(SGD)is a widely recognized pathway for terrestrial materials entering the sea,and has been found to be significant off the *** used a^(222)Rn mass balance model to estimate the SGD fluxes off the CJE and showed that it is linked to seasonal dissolved oxygen(DO)*** SGD fluxes were estimated to be(0.012±0.010)m^(3)/(m^(2)·d)in winter,(0.034±0.015)m^(3)/(m^(2)·d)in summer,and(0.020±0.010)m^(3)/(m^(2)·d)in *** found a significant negative correlation between DO concentrations and SGD rates with groundwater discharge being highest in the summer flood *** addition,distribution patterns of SGD and hypoxia zones in summer are spatially overlapped,indicating that SGD is an important contributor to summer hypoxia in this region.

关键词： submarine groundwater discharge ^(222)Rn hypoxia ^(226)Ra

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Distal small bowel motility and lipid absorption in patients following abdominal aortic aneurysm repair surgery

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第4期12卷 582-587页

作者： Robert J Fraser marc Ritz Addolorata C Di matteo Rosalie Vozzo monika Kwiatek Robert Foreman Brendan Stanley Jack Walsh Jim burnett Paul Jury John Dent Department of medicine University of AdelaideSouth Australia Department of Gastroenterology Royal Adelaide HospitalAdelaide South Australia Vascular Unit Royal Adelaide Hospital AdelaideSouth Australia Gastrointestinal Investigation Unit Repatriation General Hospital Daw Park South Australia Vascular Unit Repatriation General Hospital Daw Park SouthAustralia

AIm： To investigate distal small bowel motility and lipid absorption in patients following elective abdominal aortic aneurysm （AAA） repair surgery, mETHODS： Nine patients （aged 35-78 years; body mass index （BmI） range： 23-36 kg/m2） post-surgery for AAA repair, and seven healthy control subjects （20-50 years; BmI range： 21-29 kg/m^2） were studied, Continuous distal small bowel manometry was performed for up to 72 h, during periods of fasting and enteral feeding （Nutrison）. Recordings were analyzed for the frequency, odgin, length of migration, and direction of small intestinal burst activity. Lipid absorption was assessed on the first day and the third day post surgery in a subset of patients using the ^13C-triolein-breath test, and compared with healthy controls. Subjects received a 20-min intraduodenal infusion of 50 mL liquid feed mixed with 200μL ^13C-triolein. End-expiratory breath samples were collected for 6 h and analyzed for ^13CO2 concentration. RESULTS： The frequency of burst activity in the proximal and distal small intestine was higher in patients than in healthy subjects, under both fasting and fed conditions （P〈 0.005）. In patients there was a higher proportion of abnormally propagated bursts （71% abnormal）, which began to normalize by d 3 （25% abnormal） *** absorption data was available for seven patients on d 1 and four patients on d 3 post surgery. In patients, absorption on d 1 post-surgery was half that of healthy control subjects （AUC ^13CO2 1323±244 vs 2646±365; P〈0.05, respectively）, and was reduced to the one-fitch that of healthy controls by d 3 （AUC ^13CO2 470±832 vs 2646±365; P〈 0.05, respectively）. CONCLUSION： Both proximal and distal small intestinal motor activity are transiently disrupted in critically ill patients immediately after major surgery, with abnormal motility patterns extending as far as the ileum. These motor disturbances may contribute to impaired absorption of enteral nutrition, especially when intralumi

关键词： Critical illness Small intestine motility Lipid absorption

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重载流多芯电缆周围的磁场Ⅱ.数值计算和测量

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上海交通大学学报 2002年第2期36卷 243-247页

作者：傅正财杜亚平 J.burnett 上海交通大学电力学院上海200030 香港理工大学屋宇设备工程学系

重载流无铠装多芯电缆周围磁场的特性可以用载流平行螺旋线理论模型来解释 ,而据此推导的简化计算公式可方便地估算电缆周围的磁场 .为验证该理论模型的有效性和简化公式的准确度 ,对电缆周围的极低频磁场进行了基于毕奥 -沙伐定律的数... 详细信息

重载流无铠装多芯电缆周围磁场的特性可以用载流平行螺旋线理论模型来解释 ,而据此推导的简化计算公式可方便地估算电缆周围的磁场 .为验证该理论模型的有效性和简化公式的准确度 ,对电缆周围的极低频磁场进行了基于毕奥 -沙伐定律的数值计算和实测 .通过数值计算结果和实测值与简化公式估算结果之间的比较 ,证明了该理论模型的有效性 ,发现简化计算公式对距电缆轴线 0 .2 m以外的磁场有很高的估算精度 .另外 ,还讨论了电缆所载电流的特性对周围磁场的影响 ,并提出一些降低多芯电缆系统周围磁场的方法 .

关键词：重载流数值计算测量多芯电力电缆极低频磁场电磁兼容低压配电系统

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Sampling-Based Approaches to Estimating Two-Dimensional Large Wood Area from UAS Imagery

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Journal of Geographic Information System 2022年第6期14卷 571-588页

作者： matthew I. Barker Jonathan D. burnett Francisco mauro Gutiérrez Steven m. Wondzell michael G. Wing Forest Engineering Resources and Management Department College of Forestry Oregon State University Corvallis OR USA USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station Corvallis OR USA EiFAB—iuFOR Campus Duques de Soria s/n Universidad de Valladolid Soria Spain

Large in-stream wood (LW) is a critical component of riparian systems that increases heterogeneity of flow regimes and provides high quality habitat for salmonids and other fishes. We present four sampling-based methods to estimate two-dimensional LW for a 61-hectare river restoration project on the South Fork mcKenzie River near Rainbow, OR (USA). We manually delineated LW area, from unoccupied aircraft systems (UAS) multispectral imagery for 40 randomly selected 51.46 m2 hexagonal plots. Seven auxiliary variables were extracted from the imagery and imagery derivatives to be incorporated in four estimators by summarizing spectral statistics for each plot including Random forest (RF) classification of segmented imagery (Cohen’s kappa = 0.75, balanced accuracy = 0.86). The four estimators were: difference estimator, simple linear regression estimator with one auxiliary variable, general regression estimator with seven auxiliary variables, and simple random sample without replacement. We assessed variance of the estimators and found that the simple random sample without replacement produced the largest estimate for LW area and widest confidence interval (17,283 m2, 95% CI 10,613 - 23,952 m2) while the generalized regression approach resulted in the smallest estimate and narrowest confidence interval (16,593 m2, 95% CI 13,054 - 20,133 m2). These methods facilitate efficient estimates of critical habitat components, that are especially suited to efforts that seek to quantify large amounts of these components through time. When combined with traditional sampling methods, classified imagery acquired via UAS promises to enhance the temporal resolution of the data products associated with restoration efforts while minimizing the necessity for potentially hazardous field work.

关键词： UAS Large in-Stream Wood Sampling Image Classification River Restoration

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Epidural Blood Patch for Treatment of Postdural Puncture Headache in a Patient with Spinal Fusion and Recent Implantation of Intrathecal Pain Pump

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Open Journal of Anesthesiology 2013年第3期3卷 168-169页

作者： Chistopher J. burnett Andrew J. White marius D. Vulcan Division of Anesthesiology Scott & White Memorial Hospital Temple College of Medicine Texas A&M University College Station USA.

We present an interesting case report of a 49-year-old female who presented with symptoms of post-dural puncture headache following implantation of an intrathecal pain pump. Her history was complicated by previous multi-level spinal fusion with hardware. The patient was evaluated and felt to be a candidate for epidural blood patch, which she elected to proceed with. Under fluoroscopic guidance epidural blood patch was successfully performed. Immediately following the procedure the patient noted significant improvement in the headache and six hours following the procedure was headache free and remained so at follow up three weeks later.

关键词： Epidural Blood Patch Intrathecal Pain Pump Spinal Fusion

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