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From single to combinatorial therapies in spinal cord injuries for structural and functional restoration

Neural regeneration research 2025年第3期20卷 660-670页

作者： Ernesto Doncel-pérez Gabriel Guízar-Sahagún Israel Grijalva-Otero Hospital Nacional de parapléjicos de Toledo Servicio de Salud de Castilla La Mancha(SESCAM)ToledoSpain medical research Unit for Neurological Diseases UMAE Hospital de EspecialidadesCentro Médico Nacional Siglo XXIIMSSCiudad de MéxicoMéxico

Spinal cord injury results in paralysis, sensory disturbances, sphincter dysfunction, and multiple systemic secondary conditions, most arising from autonomic dysregulation. All this produces profound negative psychosocial implications for affected people, their families, and their communities;the financial costs can be challenging for their families and health institutions. Treatments aimed at restoring the spinal cord after spinal cord injury, which have been tested in animal models or clinical trials, generally seek to counteract one or m.re of the secondary mechanisms of injury to limit the extent of the initial damage. most published works on structural/functional restoration in acute and chronic spinal cord injury stages use a single type of treatment: a drug or trophic factor, transplant of a cell type, and implantation of a biomaterial. Despite the significant benefits reported in animal models, when translating these successful therapeutic strategies to humans, the result in clinical trials has been considered of little relevance because the im.rovement, when present, is usually insufficient. Until now, most studies designed to promote neuroprotection or regeneration at different stages after spinal cord injury have used single treatments. Considering the occurrence of various secondary mechanisms of injury in the acute and sub-acute phases of spinal cord injury, it is reasonable to speculate that m.re than one therapeutic agent could be required to promote structural and functional restoration of the damaged spinal cord. Treatments that combine several therapeutic agents, targeting different mechanisms of injury, which, when used as a single therapy, have shown some benefits, allow us to assume that they will have synergistic beneficial effects. Thus, this narrative review article aims to summ.rize current trends in the use of strategies that combine therapeutic agents administered simultaneously or sequentially, seeking structural and functional restoratio

关键词： neural regeneration neuroprotection spinal cord injury repair spinal cord injury treatments structural restoration of spinal cord injury

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Heterogeneity of mature oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system

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Neural regeneration research 2025年第5期20卷 1336-1349页

作者： Chao Weng Adam m.r.Groh moein Yaqubi Qiao-Ling Cui Jo Anne Stratton G.r.Wayne moore Jack p.Antel Neuroimmunology Unit Montreal Neurological Institute-HospitalDepartment of Neurology and NeurosurgeryMcGill UniversityMontrealQCCanada Department of Neurology Renmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanHubei ProvinceChina

mature oligodendrocytes form myelin sheaths that are crucial for the insulation of axons and efficient signal transmission in the central nervous *** evidence has challenged the classical view of the functionally static mature oligodendrocyte and revealed a gamut of dynamic functions such as the ability to modulate neuronal circuitry and provide metabolic support to *** the recognition of potential heterogeneity in mature oligodendrocyte function,a com.rehensive summ.ry of mature oligodendrocyte diversity is *** delve into early 20th-century studies by robertson and río-Hortega that laid the foundation for the modern identification of regional and m.rphological heterogeneity in mature ***,recent m.rphologic and functional studies call into question the long-assumed homogeneity of mature oligodendrocyte function through the identification of distinct subtypes with varying myelination ***,modern molecular investigations,employing techniques such as single cell/nucleus rNA sequencing,consistently unveil at least six mature oligodendrocyte subpopulations in the human central nervous system that are highly transcriptomically diverse and vary with central nervous system *** and disease related mature oligodendrocyte variation denotes the impact of pathological conditions such as multiple sclerosis,Alzheim.r's disease,and psychiatric ***,caution is warranted when subclassifying mature oligodendrocytes because of the simplification needed to make conclusions about cell identity from temporally confined *** studies leveraging advanced techniques like spatial transcriptomics and single-cell proteomics promise a m.re nuanced understanding of mature oligodendrocyte *** research avenues that precisely evaluate mature oligodendrocyte heterogeneity with care to understand the mitigating influence of species,sex,central nervous system.region,age,and disease,

关键词： aging central nervous system diseases electron microscopy heterogeneity immunohistochemistry myelin sheath natural history neuroglia oligodendroglia single-cell gene expression analysis

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Differential response of injured and healthy retinas to syngeneic and allogeneic transplantation of a clonal cell line of imm.rtalized olfactory ensheathing glia:a double-edged sword

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Neural regeneration research 2025年第8期20卷 2395-2407页

作者： m.ría Norte-muñoz m.ría portela-Lomba paloma Sobrado-Calvo Diana Simón Johnny Di pierdomenico Alejandro Gallego-Ortega m.r pérez JosémCabrera-maqueda Javier Sierra manuel Vidal-Sanz m.ría Teresa m.reno-Flores m.rta Agudo-Barriuso Grupo de Investigación Oftalmología Experimental Departamento de OftalmologíaOptometríaOtorrinolaringología y Anatomía PatológicaFacultad de MedicinaUniversidad de MurciaInstituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria(IMIB)Campus de Ciencias de la SaludMurciaSpain Experimental Sciences Faculty Universidad Francisco de VitoriaPozuelo de AlarcónMadridSpain Anatomy Histology and Neuroscience DepartmentMedicine FacultyUniversidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain Center of Neuroimmunology Service of NeurologyLaboratory of Advanced Imaging in Neuroimmunological DiseasesHospital Clínic of BarcelonaInstitut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer(IDIBAPS)and Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain medicine Faculty Universidad Francisco de VitoriaPozuelo de AlarcónMadridSpain

Olfactory ensheathing glia promote axonal regeneration in the mammalian central nervous system,including retinal ganglion cell axonal growth through the injured optic ***,it is unknown whether olfactory ensheathing glia also have neuroprotective *** ensheathing glia express brain-derived neurotrophic factor,one of the best neuroprotectants for axotomized retinal ganglion ***,we aimed to investigate the neuroprotective capacity of olfactory ensheating glia after optic nerve *** ensheathing glia cells from an established rat imm.rtalized clonal cell line,TEG3,were intravitreally injected in intact and axotomized retinas in syngeneic and allogeneic mode with or without microglial inhibition or immunosuppressive *** and gene expression analyses were *** bulb-derived prim.ry olfactory ensheathing glia and TEG3 express major histocompatibility complex classⅡ*** and syngenically transplanted TEG3 cells survived in the vitreous for up to 21 days,forming an *** axotomized retinas,only the allogeneic TEG3 transplant rescued retinal ganglion cells at 7 days but not at 21 *** these retinas,microglial anatomical activation was higher than after optic nerve crush *** intact retinas,both transplants activated microglial cells and caused retinal ganglion cell death at 21 days,a loss that was higher after allotransplantation,triggered by pyroptosis and partially rescued by microglial inhibition or ***,neuroprotection of axotomized retinal ganglion cells did not im.rove with these *** different neuroprotective properties,different toxic effects,and different responses to microglial inhibitory treatments of olfactory ensheathing glia in the retina depending on the type of transplant highlight the importance of thorough preclinical studies to explore these variables.

关键词： cell therapy immune recognition major histocompatibility complex class II(mHCII) neuroprotection olfactory ensheathing glia retinal ganglion cells

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Com.rehensive study on the results of tension leg platform.responses in random sea

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied physics & Engineering) 2006年第8期7卷 1305-1317页

作者： TABESHpOUr m.r GOLAFSHANI A.A. SEIF m.S Department of Civil Engineering Sharif University of Technology P.O.Box 11365-9313 Tehran Iran Department of mechanical Engineering Sharif University of Technology P.O.Box 11365-9313 Tehran Iran

Compliant offshore structures are used for oil exploitation in deep water. Tension leg platform (TLp) is a suitable type for very deep water. The nonlinear dynamic response of TLp under random sea wave load is necessary for determining the maximum deformations and stresses. Accurate and reliable responses are needed for optimum design and control of the structure. In this paper nonlinear dynamic analysis of TLp is carried out in both time and frequency domains. The time history of random wave is generated based on pierson-moskowitz spectrum and acts on the structure in arbitrary direction. The hydrodynamic forces are calculated using the modified m.rison equation according to Airy’s linear wave theory. The power spectral densities (pSDs) of displacements, velocities and accelerations are calculated from nonlinear responses. The focus of the paper is on the com.rehen-sive interpretation of the responses of the structure related to wave excitation and structural characteristics. As an example a case study is investigated and num.rical results are discussed.

关键词： Tension leg platform (TLp) Ocean wave Stochastic Nonlinear

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Environmental screening and ligand-field effects to magnetism in CrI_(3) monolayer

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npj Computational materials 2021年第1期7卷 1481-1490页

作者： D.Soriano A.N.rudenko m.I.Katsnelson m.rösner radboud University Institute for Molecules and MaterialsHeyendaalseweg 1356525 AJ NijmegenThe Netherlands Universitàdi pisa Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell’InformazioneVia Caruso56122 PisaItaly Department of Theoretical physics and Applied mathematics Ural Federal University620002 EkaterinburgRussia

We study the microscopic origin of magnetism in suspended and dielectrically embedded CrI_(3)monolayer by down-folding minimal generalized Hubbard models from ab initio calculations using the constrained random phase *** models are capable of describing the formation of localized magnetic moments in CrI_(3)and of reproducing electronic properties of direct ab initio *** the magnet force theorem,we find a multi-orbital super-exchange mechanism as the origin of magnetism in CrI_(3)resulting from an interplay between ferro-and anti-ferromagnetic Cr-Cr d coupling channels,which is decisively affected by the ligand p *** show how environmental screening,such as resulting from encapsulation with hexagonal boron nitride,affects the Coulomb interaction in the film and how this controls its magnetic *** by a non-monotonic interplay between nearest and next-nearest neighbor exchange interactions we find the magnon dispersion and the Curie temperature to be non-trivially affected by the environmental screening.

关键词： properties monolayer exchange

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rehabilitation of degraded areas in northeastern patagonia, Argentina: Effects of environmental conditions and plant functional traits on performance of native woody species

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Journal of Arid Land 2020年第4期12卷 653-665页

作者： Juan m ZEBErIO Carolina A pÉrez National University of río Negro Atlantic HeadquartersCenter for Environmental Studies from Norpatagonia(CEANPa)Viedma 8500Argentina National Council of Scientific and Technical research(CONICET) Viedma 8500Argentina Ecological and Environmental Systems research Laboratory(LISEA) National University of La PlataLa Plata 1900Argentina

Degradation processes affect a vast area of arid and semi-arid lands around the world and damage the environment and people′s health. Degradation processes are driven by human productive activities that cause direct and indirect effects on natural resources, such as species extinction at regional scale, reduction and elimination of vegetation cover, soil erosion, etc. In this context, ecological rehabilitation is an important tool to recover key aspects of the degraded ecosystem. rehabilitation trials rely on the use of native plant species with characteristics that allow them to obtain high survival and growth rates. The aim of this work was to assess the survival and growth of native woody species in degraded areas of northeastern patagonia and relate them to plant functional traits and environmental variables. We observed high early and late survival rates, and growth rates in prosopis flexuosa DC. var. depressa F.A. roig and Schinus johnstonii F.A. Barkley, and low values in Condalia microphylla Cav. and Geoffroea decorticans(Gillies ex Hook. & Arn.) Burkart. Early survival rates were positively associated with specific leaf area(SLA) and precipitation, but negatively associated with wood density, the maximum mean temperature of the warmest month and the minimum mean temperature of the coldest month. Late survival rates were positively associated with SLA and soil organic matter, but negatively associated with plant height and precipitation. The temperature had a positive effect on late survival rates once the plants overcame the critical period of the first summ.r after they were transplanted to the field. prosopis flexuosa and S. johnstonii were the most successful species in our study. This could be due to their functional traits that allow these species to acclimatize to the local environment. Further research should focus on C. microphylla and G. decorticans to determine how they relate to productive conditions, acclimation to environmental stress, auto-eco

关键词： arid lands Condalia microphylla Geoffroea decorticans prosopis flexuosa Schinus johnstonii survival rates height growth basal diameter growth

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Simulation of Three-Dimensional Benard-m.rangoni Flows Including Deformed Surfaces

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Communications in Computational physics 2009年第2期5卷 273-295页

作者： Tormod Bjøntegaard Einar m.rønquist Department of mathematical Sciences Norwegian University of Science and TechnologyN-7491 TrondheimNorway

We present a coupled thermal-fluid model for Benard-m.rangoni convection in a three-dimensional fluid *** governing equations are derived in detail for two reasons:first,we do not assume a flat free surface as commonly done;and second,we prepare for the use of flexible *** governing equations are discretized using spectral elements in space and an operator splitting approach in *** we are here prim.rily interested in steady state solutions,the focus is on the spatial *** overall computational approach is very attractive to use for several reasons:(i)the solution can be expected to have a high degree of regularity,and rapid convergence can be expected;(ii)the spectral element decomposition automatically gives a convenient parameterization of the free surface that allows powerful results from differential geometry to easily be exploited;(iii)free surface deformation can readily be included;(iv)both normal and tangential stresses are conveniently accounted for through a single surface integral;(v)no differentiation of the surface tension is necessary in order to include thermocapillary effects(due to integration-byparts twice);(vi)the geometry representation of the free surface need only be C0 across element boundaries even though curvature effects are ***-dimensional simulation results are presented,including the free surface deflection due to buoyancy and thermocapillary effects.

关键词： Benard-m.rangoni free surface flows differential geometry spectral elements

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On pattern Selection in Three-Dimensional Benard-m.rangoni Flows

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Communications in Computational physics 2012年第3期11卷 893-924页

作者： Arne m.rten Kvarving Tormod Bjøntegaard Einar m.rønquist Department of mathematical Sciences Norwegian University of Science and Technology(NTNU)Norway

In this paper we study B´enard-m.rangoni convection in confined containers where a thin fluid layer is heated from *** consider containers with circular,square and hexagonal *** m.rangoni numbers close to the critical m.rangoni number,the flow patterns are dominated by the appearance of the wellknown hexagonal convection *** main purpose of this computational study is to explore the possible patterns the systemmay end up in for a given set of *** a series of num.rical experiments,the coupled fluid-thermal system is started with a zero initial condition for the velocity and a random initial condition for the *** a given set of parameters we demonstrate that the system can end up in m.re than one *** example,the final state of the system may be dominated by a steady convection pattern with a fixed number of cells,however,the same system may occasionally end up in a steady pattern involving a slightly different number of cells,or it may end up in a state where most of the cells are stationary,while one or m.re cells end up in an oscillatory *** larger aspect ratio containers,we are also able to reproduce dislocations in the convection pattern,which have also been observed *** has been conjectured that such imperfections(e.g.,a localized star-like pattern)are due to small irregularities in the experimental setup(e.g.,the geometry of the container).However,we show,through controlled num.rical experiments,that such phenomena may appear under otherwise ideal *** repeating the num.rical experiments for the same non-dimensional numbers,using a different random initial condition for the temperature in each case,we are able to get an indication of how rare such events ***,we study the effect of symmetrizing the initial ***,we study the effect of selected geometry deformations on the resulting convection patterns.

关键词： B´enard-m.rangoni spectral elements pattern formation

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香港的酸雨和地表水酸度

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中国环境科学 2001年第4期21卷 326-329页

作者：管东生 peart m.r 中山大学环境科学系广东广州510275 香港大学地理及地质学系

通过对香港新界小流域水文过程中pH值的监测,结果表明,在研究的5年期间,降雨pH值的中位数年变化为4.5~4.7,而溪流的pH值接近中性,其中位数年变化为6.6~6.8.研究表明。

关键词：酸雨地表水酸度植被土壤缓冲能力香港

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Algorithm for repairing the damaged images of grain structures obtained from the cellular automata and measurement of grain size

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International Journal of minerals,metallurgy and materials 2012年第10期19卷 899-907页

作者： A.ram.rez-López m.A.rom.ro-romo D.muñoz-Negron S.López-ram.rez r.Escarela-pérez C.Duran-Valencia Department of materials and Energy Metropolitan Autonomous UniversityMexico City 02200Mexico Department of Industrial Engineering Technological Autonomous Institute of MexicoMexico City 01080Mexico Department of molecular Engineering Mexican Institute of PetroleumMexico City 07730Mexico

Computational models are developed to create grain structures using mathematical algorithms based on the chaos theory such as cellular automaton, geometrical models, fractals, and stochastic methods. Because of the chaotic nature of grain structures, some of the most popular routines are based on the monte Carlo method, statistical distributions, and random walk methods, which can be easily programmed and included in nested loops. Nevertheless, grain structures are not well defined as the results of computational errors and num.rical incon- sistencies on mathematical methods. Due to the finite definition of numbers or the num.rical restrictions during the simulation of solidifica- tion, damaged images appear on the screen. These images must be repaired to obtain a good measurement of grain geometrical properties. Some mathematical algorithms were developed to repair, measure, and characterize grain structures obtained from cellular automata in the present work. An appropriate measurement of grain size and the corrected identification of interfaces and length are very important topics in materials science because they are the representation and validation of mathematical models with real samples. As a result, the developed al- gorithms are tested and proved to be appropriate and efficient to eliminate the errors and characterize the grain structures.

关键词： grain size and shape image restoration mathematical algorithms cellular automata solidification

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