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Defined hydrogels for spinal cord organoids:challenges and potential applications

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第11期19卷 2329-2330页

作者： Wai Hon Chooi Yuewen wu Shi-Yan ng institute of molecular and Cell Biology(imCB) Agency for ScienceTechnology and Research(A*STAR)SingaporeSingapore Department of Physiology Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of Singapore(NUS)SingaporeSingapore

Organoids of the central nervous system,primarily derived from pluripotent stem cells or neural stem cells,are three-dimensional tissue cultures with self-organizing *** exposed to the right com.inations of signals,they differentiate into a 3D tissue consisting of complex cytoarchitecture and native cell types,including various neuron subtypes and glial *** features closely mimic native tissues,making them.invaluable for developmental studies and disease *** recent years,spinal cord organoids(SCOs)have been developed to investigate spinal cord development,injuries,and various neurological *** an integral part of the central nervous system,SCOs play a vital role and serve as a site for studying both neurodevelopment and neurodegenerative diseases.

关键词： properties injuries primarily

Weakly Supervised Object Localization with Background Suppression Erasing for Art Authentication and Copyright Protection

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machine intelligence Research 2024年第1期21卷 89-103页

作者： Chaojie wu m.ngyang Li Ying Gao Xinyan Xie Wing W.Y.ng Ahmad musyafa School of Computer Science and Engineering South China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 511442China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Artificial intelligence in medical image Analysis and Application Guangdong Provincial People's HospitalGuangzhou 510180China

The problem of art forgery and infringement is becom.ng increasingly prominent,since diverse self-media contents with all kinds of art pieces are released on the internet every *** art paintings,object detection and localization provide an efficient and ef-fective means of art authentication and copyright ***,the acquisition of a precise detector requires large amounts of ex-pensive pixel-level *** alleviate this,we propose a novel weakly supervised object localization(WSOL)with background su-perposition erasing(BSE),which recognizes objects with inexpensive image-level ***,integrated adversarial erasing(iAE)for vanilla convolutional neural network(CNN)dropouts the most discriminative region by leveraging high-level semantic ***,a background suppression module(BSm)limits the activation area of the iAE to the object region through a self-guidance ***,in the inference phase,we utilize the refined importance map(Rim)of middle features to obtain class-agnostic loc-alization *** experiments are conducted on paintings,CUB-200-2011 and iLSVRC to validate the effectiveness of our BSE.

关键词： Weakly supervised object localization erasing method deep learning computer vision art authentication and copyright protection

inhibition of protein degradation increases the Bt protein concentration in Bt cotton

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Journal of integrative Agriculture 2024年第6期23卷 1897-1909页

作者： Yuting Liu Hanjia Li Yuan Chen Tambel Leila.i.m Zhenyu Liu Shujuan wu Siqi Sun Xiang Zhang Dehua Chen Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-innovation Center for modern Production Technology of Grain Crops Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009China Agricultural Research Cooperation Biotechnology and Biosafety Research CenterKhartoum 13314Sudan

Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt)cotton production is challenged by two m.in problems,i.e.,the low concentration of Bt protein at the boll setting stage and the lowest insect resistance in bolls am.ng all the cotton plant’s ***,increasing the Bt protein concentration at the boll stage,especially in bolls,has become the m.in goal for increasing insect resistance in *** this study,two protein degradation inhibitors(ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid(EDTA)and leupeptin)were sprayed on the bolls,subtending leaves,and whole cotton plants at the peak flowering stage of two Bt cultivars(medium maturation Sikang 1(SK1))and early maturation Zhongmian 425(Zm425)in 2019 and *** Bt protein content and protein degradation metabolism were *** results showed that the Bt protein concentrations were enhanced by 21.3 to 38.8%and 25.0 to 38.6%in the treated bolls of SK1 and Zm425 respectively,while they were decreased in the subtending leaves of these treated *** the treated leaves,the Bt protein concentrations increased by 7.6 to 23.5%and 11.2 to 14.9%in SK1 and Zm425,*** com.ined application of EDTA and leupeptin to the whole cotton plant increased the Bt protein concentrations in both bolls and subtending *** Bt protein concentrations in bolls were higher,increasing by 22.5 to 31.0%and 19.6 to 32.5%for SK1 and Zm425,*** organs treated with EDTA or/and leupeptin showed reduced free amino acid contents,protease and peptidase activities and significant enhancements in soluble protein *** results indicated that inhibiting protein degradation could improve the protein content,thus increasing the Bt protein concentrations in the bolls or/and leaves of cotton ***,the increase in the Bt protein concentration without yield reduction suggested that these two protein degradation inhibitors may be applicable for improving insect resistance in cotton production.

关键词： Bt cotton Bt protein inhibition of protein degradation protein degradation metabolism

Effect of neutral polymeric bonding agent on tensile mechanical properties and damage evolution of NEPE propellant

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2024年第2期32卷 357-367页

作者： m.wubuliaisan Yanqing wu Xiao Hou Kun Yang Hongzheng Duan Xinm.i Yin State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081PR China The Fourth institute of China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation Xi'an710025PR China School of Aerospace Engineering Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081PR China Science and Technology on Aerospace Chemical Power Laboratory Hubei Institute of Aerospace ChemotechnologyHubei441003PR China

introducing Neutral Polymeric bonding agents(NPBA) into the Nitrate Ester Plasticized Polyether(NEPE)propellant could improve the adhesion between filler/matrix interface, thereby contributing to the development of new generations of the NEPE propellant with better mechanical properties. Therefore,understanding the effects of NPBA on the deformation and damage evolution of the NEPE propellant is fundamental to material design and applications. This paper studies the uniaxial tensile and stress relaxation responses of the NEPE propellant with different amounts of NPBA. The damage evolution in terms of interface debonding is further investigated using a cohesive-zone model(CZm). Experimental results show that the initial modulus and strength of the NEPE propellant increase with the increasing amount of NPBA while the elongation decreases. meanwhile, the relaxation rate slows down and a higher long-term equilibrium modulus is reached. Experimental and numerical analyses indicate that interface debonding and crack propagation along filler-matrix interface are the dominant damage mechanism for the samples with a low amount of NPBA, while damage localization and crack advancement through the matrix are predominant for the ones with a high amount of NPBA. Finally, crosslinking density tests and simulation results also show that the effect of the bonding agent is interfacial rather than due to the overall crosslinking density change of the binder.

关键词： Solid propellant Bonding agent mechanical properties Damage evolution Cohesive-zone model interface debonding

Structural insight into palladium-nickel clusters over mordenite zeolite for carbene-insertion reaction

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2024年第9期18卷 89-99页

作者： Guangchao Li Ping-Luen Baron Ho Bryan Kit Yue ng Tai-Sing wu Pawel Rymarz Shik Chi Edman Tsang Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong Kong 999077China Department of Chemistry University of OxfordOxford OX13QRUK Synchrotron Radiation Research Center Hsinchu 30076China

The advancement of heterogeneous catalysts incorporating metal clusters in the nanometric size range has garnered significant attention due to their extraordinary catalytic activity and *** detailed characterization and understanding of the atomic structure of these metal clusters within catalysts is crucial for elucidating the underlying reaction *** the present study,a distinctive three-atom PdNi cluster,characterized by two Pd atoms at terminal positions and a central Ni atom,was synthesized over mordenite *** presence of atomic PdNi clusters within the eight-membered ring side pocket area was confirmed by multiple advanced analytical techniques,including magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy,synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction,extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy,and high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron *** catalytic activity of the confined active species was examined by the carbene-mediated reactions of ethyl-2-diazoacetate to ethyl-2-methoxyacetate as a model *** to the Pd-mordenite and Ni-mordenite,the PdNi-mordenite catalyst incorporates a PdNi cluster,which demonstrates a superior performance,achieving 100%conversion and high selectivity under the same reaction *** study elucidates the potential of constructing bimetallic clusters in zeolites,providing valuable insights for developing new heterogeneous catalysts applicable to a wide range of catalytic processes.

关键词： zeolite metal cluster synchrotron X-ray diffraction carbene-mediated reaction

Topology modulation of tetraphenylethylene graphdiyne at a liquid-liquid interface

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Nano Research 2024年第6期17卷 4661-4667页

作者： Tingting Xu Pei Wen ng Shaofei wu Danjun Fu Yunhan ma Yao Liu Lidao Li Xiaofei Zhang Jun Zhu Department of Chemistry National University of SingaporeSingapore 117543Singapore institute of materials Research and Engineering(imRE) Agency for ScienceTechnology and Research(A*STAR)Singapore 138634Singapore

monomers with low symmetries can form different topological structures in the preparation of organic two-dimensional(2D)***,it rem.ins challenging to modulate the topologies in practical *** theoretical insights into the formation energy of potential structural configurations,we report the topology modulation of a graphdiyne(GDY)derivative constructed from two-fold symmetric tetrakis(4-ethynylphenyl)ethene precursor by changing solvent com.inations in a liquid-liquid interfacial *** aqueous-organic(water-dichloromethane)interface afforded GDY with a kagome topology while a rhom.ic topology was formed at an organic-organic(hexane-acetonitrile)interface.A comprehensive evaluation of their structures and optoelectronic properties was conducted through various characterization techniques and theoretical *** study provided new insights to modulate the topology of not only GDY but also other framework structures and obtain topologically pure materials in situations where different topologies are possible during practical synthesis.

关键词： graphdiyne derivative tetraphenylethylene topology modulation aggregation-induced emission(AiE)two-dimensional(2D)polymers interfacial synthesis

Theoretical study of superradiant masing with solid-state spins at room temperature

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Science China(Physics,mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第6期67卷 38-47页

作者： Qilong wu Yuan Zhang Hao wu Shi-Lei Su Kai-Kai Liu mark Oxborrow Chong-Xin Shan Klaus mølmer Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic materials and Devices Key Laboratory of Material Physics Ministry of EducationSchool of Physics and MicroelectronicsZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450052China institute of Quantum materials and Physics Henan Academy of SciencesZhengzhou 450046China Center for Quantum Technology Research and Key Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and measurements School of PhysicsBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China Beijing Academy of Quantum.information Sciences Beijing 100193China Department of materials Imperial College LondonLondon SW72AZUK Niels Bohr institute University of CopenhagenCopenhagen 2100Denmark

Steady-state superradiance and superradiant lasing attract significant attentions in the field of optical lattice clocks,but have not been achieved yet due to the technical challenges and atom loss *** this article,we propose that their counter-part may be observed in the microwave dom.in with solid-state spins,i.e.,nitrogen-vacancy center spins and pentacene molecular spins,coupled to microwave resonator at room temperature with realistic technical *** validate our proposal,we investigate systematically the system dynamics and steady-state by solving quantum master equations for the multi-level and multi-process dynamics of trillions of *** calculations show that the superradiant Rabi oscillations occur firstly due to transitions am.ng different Dicke states,and the subsequent continuous-wave superradiant masing can achieve a linewidth well below *** work may guide further exploration of transient and steady-state superradiant masing with the mentioned and other solid-state spins *** ultra-narrow linewidth may find applications in deep-space communications,radio astronomy and high-precision metrology.

关键词： solid-state spins superradiance maser

High-Performance and Large-Area inverted Perovskite Solar Cells Based on NiO_(x) Films Enabled with A Novel microstructure-Control Technology

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Energy & Environmental materials 2024年第1期7卷 153-159页

作者： Guibin Shen Xin Li Yuqin Zou Hongye Dong Dongping Zhu Yanglin Jiang Xin Ren ng Fen Lin Peter müller-Buschbaum Cheng mu Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion materials and Biophotonics Department of ChemistryRenmin University of ChinaBeijing 100872China Solar Energy Research institute of Singapore(SERiS) National University of SingaporeSingapore 117574Singapore Physik-Department Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle MaterialienTechnische Universität MünchenJames-Franck-Straße 185748Garching Germany Heinz m.ier-Leibnitz Zentrum(mLZ) Technische Universität MünchenLichtenbergstr.185748Garching Germany

The improvement in the efficiency of inverted perovskite solar cells(PSCs)is significantly limited by undesirable contact at the NiO_(x)/perovskite *** this study,a novel microstructure-control technology is proposed for fabrication of porous NiO_(x)films using Pluronic P123 as the structure-directing agent and acetylacetone(AcAc)as the coordination *** synthesized porous NiO_(x)films enhanced the hole extraction efficiency and reduced recom.ination defects at the NiO_(x)/perovskite ***,without any modification,the power conversion efficiency(PCE)of the PSC with mAPbl_(3)as the absorber layer improved from 16.50%to 19.08%.moreover,the PCE of the device composed of perovskite Cs0.05(mA_(0.15)FA_(0.85))_(0.95)Pb(i_(0.85)Br_(0.15))_(3)improved from 17.49%to 21.42%.Furthermore,the application of the fabricated porous NiO_(x)on fluorine-doped tin oxide(FTO)substrates enabled the fabrication of large-area PSCs(1.2 cm^(2))with a PCE of 19.63%.This study provides a novel strategy for improving the contact at the NiO_(x)/perovskite interface for the fabrication of high-performance large-area perovskite solar cells.

关键词： interfacial contact inverted and large-area perovskite solar cells photovoltaic materials porous NiO_(x)films renewable energy

Review of Networked microgrid Protection:Architectures,Challenges,Solutions,and Future Trends

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2024年第2期10卷 448-467页

作者： Jorge de la Cruz Ying wu John E.Candelo-Becerra Juan C.Vasquez Josep m.Guerrero Center for Research on microgrids(CROm) Department of Energy TechnologyAalborg University9220 AalborgDenmark Facultad de minas Departamento de Energia Eléctrica y AutomaticaUniversidad Nacional de ColombiaSede MedellinCarrera 80 No.65-223RobledoMedellin 050041Colombia. Center for Research on microgrids at UPC(UPC CROm) Department of Electronic EngineeringTechnical University of Catalonia(UPC)08019 Barcelona Spain iCREA Pg.Lluis Companys 2308010 BarcelonaSpain Center for Research on microgrids at AAU(AAU CROm) AAU EnergyAalborg University(AAU)9220 Aalborg EastDenmark

Design and selection of advanced protection schemes have become essential for reliable and secure operation of networked *** protection schemes that allow correct operation of microgrids have been proposed for individual systems in different topologies and ***,protection schemes for networked microgrids are still in devel-opment,and further research is required to design and operate advanced protection in interconnected *** of these microgrids in different nodes with various intercon-nection technologies increases fault occurrence and complicates protection *** paper aims to point out challenges in developing protection for networked microgrids,potential solutions,and research areas that need to be addressed for their ***,this article presents a systematic analysis of different microgrid clusters proposed since 2016,including several architectures of networked microgrids,operation modes,components,and utilization of renewable sources,which have not been widely explored in previous review ***,the paper presents a discussion on protection systems currently available for microgrid clusters,current challenges,and solutions that have been proposed for these ***,it discusses the trend of protection schemes in networked microgrids and presents some conclusions related to ***—Adaptive eprotection,microgrid cluster,microgrid,multiple microgrid,networked microgrid,real-time simulation,smart grid.

关键词： Adaptive eprotection microgrid cluster microgrid multiple microgrid networked microgrid real-time simulation smart grid