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High mobility group box 1 in the central nervous system:regeneration hidden beneath inflammation

neural Regeneration Research 2025年第1期20卷 107-115页

作者： Hanki kim Bum Jun kim Seungyon Koh Hyo Jin Cho Xuelian Jin Byung Gon kim Jun Young Choi Departm.nt of Brain Science Ajou University School of MedicineSuwonSouth Korea Departm.nt of Biomedical Sciences Ajou University Graduate School of MedicineSuwonSouth Korea Departm.nt of neurology Ajou University School of MedicineSuwonSouth Korea Departm.nt of Geriatrics The Affiliated Suqian First People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversitySuqianJiangsu ProvinceChina

High-mobility group box 1 was first discovered in the calf thymus as a DnA-binding nuclear protein and has been widely studied in diverse fields,including neurology and ***-mobility group box 1 in the extracellular space functions as a pro-inflammatory damage-associated molecular pattern,which has been proven to play an important role in a wide variety of central nervous system disorders such as ischemic stroke,Alzheimer’s disease,frontotemporal dem.ntia,Parkinson’s disease,multiple sclerosis,epilepsy,and traumatic brain *** drugs that inhibit high-mobility group box 1 as a damage-associated molecular pattern,such as glycyrrhizin,ethyl pyruvate,and neutralizing anti-high-mobility group box 1 antibodies,are comm.nly used to target high-mobility group box 1 activity in central nervous system *** it is comm.nly known for its detrim.ntal inflammatory effect,high-mobility group box 1 has also been shown to have beneficial pro-regenerative roles in central nervous system *** this narrative review,we provide a brief summary of the history of high-mobility group box 1 research and its characterization as a damage-associated molecular pattern,its downstream receptors,and intracellular signaling pathways,how high-mobility group box 1 exerts the repair-favoring roles in general and in the central nervous system,and clues on how to differentiate the pro-regenerative from the pro-inflammatory *** targeting high-mobility group box 1 in the central nervous system may benefit from differentiating between the two functions rather than overall suppression of high-mobility group box 1.

关键词： central nervous system damage-associated molecular pattern ethyl pyruvate glycyrhizzin high mobility group box 1 inflammation neural stem cells neurodevelopm.nt oligodendrocyte progenitor cells redox status regeneration

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Scalable Ir‑Doped niFe_(2)O_(4)/TiO_(2)Heterojunction Anode for Decentralized Saline Wastewater Treatm.nt and H_(2)Production

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nano-micro Letters 2025年第3期17卷 1-18页

作者： Sukhwa Hong Jiseon kim Jaebeom Park Sunmi Im michael R.Hoffm.nn Kangwoo Cho Division of Environm.ntal Science and Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology(POSTECH)Pohang 790−784Korea Linde Laboratory California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCA 91125USA Institute for Convergence Research and Education in Advanced Technology(I‑CREATE) Yonsei University International CampusIncheon 21983Republic of Korea

Wastewater electrolysis cells(WECs)for decentralized wastewater treatm.nt/reuse coupled with H_(2)production can reduce the carbon footprint associated with transportation of water,waste,and energy *** study reports Ir-doped niFe_(2)O_(4)(nFI,~5 at%Ir)spinel layer with TiO_(2)overlayer(nFI/TiO_(2)),as a scalable heterojunction anode for direct electrolysis of wastewater with circumneutral pH in a single-compartm.nt *** dilute(0.1 m.naCl solutions,the nFI/TiO_(2)marks superior activity and selectivity for chlorine evolution reaction,outperform.ng the benchmark IrO_(2).Robust operation in near-neutral pH was *** including operando X-ray absorption spectroscopy unveiled crucial roles of TiO_(2) which serves both as the primary site for Cl−chemisorption and a protective layer for nFI as an ohmic *** electrolysis of nH4+-laden synthetic wastewater dem.nstrated that nFI/TiO_(2)not only achieves quasi-stoichiometric nH_(4)^(+)-to-n_(2)conversion,but also enhances H_(2)generation efficiency with m.nimal competing reactions such as reduction of dissolved oxygen and reactive *** scaled-up WEC with nFI/TiO_(2)was dem.nstrated for electrolysis of toilet wastewater.

关键词： Wastewater electrolysis cell Ir-doped niFe_(2)O_(4) Reactive chlorine species Decentralized H_(2)production On-site wastewater treatm.nt

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Regulation of sleep by astrocytes in the hypothalamic ventrolateral preoptic nucleus

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neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1098-1100页

作者： Jae-Hong kim Ruqayya Afridi Il-Sung Jang maan Gee Lee Kyoungho Suk Brain Korea 21 four KnU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents School of MedicineKyungpook National UniversityDaeguRepublic of Korea Departm.nt of Pharmacology School of MedicineKyungpook National UniversityDaeguRepublic of Korea Departm.nt of Pharmacology School of DentistryKyungpook National UniversityDaeguRepublic of Korea Brain Science&Engineering Institute Kyungpook National UniversityDaeguRepublic of Korea

Astrocytes are functionally dynamic cells that support neurons in multiple ways throughout an organism’s *** astrocytic regulation of neuronal activity has been increasingly recognized in recent *** are now recognized as playing a more complex role than mere bystanders in the central nervous ***,their role in regulating the sleep neurocircuitry is not well *** this perspective,we highlight the role of astrocytes in sleep modulation,with a particular focus on regulatory mechanisms related to the ventrolateral preoptic nucleus(VLPO)of the *** briefly discuss recent literature reporting the role of VLPO astrocytes in regulating sleep-associated behaviors.

关键词： sleep ventrolateral astrocytes

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Prom.nent cycling reversibility and kinetics enabled by CaTiO3 protective layer on Zn metal for aqueous Zn-ion batteries

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 245-258页

作者： Gaeun Lee Yong nam Ahn Seongjoon So Chanwoo Park Jong-Seong Bae Taehyun Park Il Tae kim Jaehyun Hur School of Chemical Biological and Battery Engineering Gachon University Seongnam Busan Center Korea Basic Science Institute

Aqueous Zn-ion batteries （AZIBs） have received considerable attention owing to their various advantages such as safety,low cost,simple battery assembly conditions,and high ionic ***,they still suffer from serious problems,including uncontrollable dendrite growth,corrosion,hydrogen evolution reaction （HER） from water decomposition,electrode passivation,and unexpected *** creation of a uniform artificial nanocrystal layer on the Zn anode surface is a promising strategy for resolving these ***,we propose the use of a perovskite CaTiO3（CTO） protective layer on Zn（CTO@Zn） as a promising approach for improving the perform.nce of *** CTO artificial layer provides an efficient pathway for Zn ion diffusion towards the Zn metal because of the high dielectric constant （εr=180） and ferroelectric characteristics that enable the alignm.nt of dipole mom.nts and redistribute the Zn2+ions in the CTO *** avoiding the direct contact of the Zn anode with the electrolyte solution,the uneven dendrite growth,corrosion,parasitic side reactions,and HER are mitigated,while CTO retains its mechanical and chemical robustness during ***,CTO@Zn dem.nstrates an improved lifespan in a symmetric cell configuration compared with bare ***@Zn shows steady overpotential （～68 m V） for 1500 h at 1 mA cm-2/0.5 mA h cm-2,excelling bare ***,when paired with the V2O5-C cathode,the CTO@Zn//V2O5-C full battery delivers 148.4 mA h g-1（based on the mass of the cathode） after 300 *** study provides new insights into Zn metal anodes and the developm.nt of high-perform.nce AZIBs.

关键词： Perovskite

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mixing features in an electromagnetic rectangular micromixer for electrolyte solutions

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2017年第4期29卷 668-678页

作者： m.m.Wen C.n.kim Departm.nt of mechanical Engineering Graduate School Kyung Hee University Departm.nt of mechanical Engineering College of Engineering Kyung Hee University

In this study, a new magnetohydrodynamic（mHD） mixer for electrolyte solutions with pumping function is reported, and the mixing perform.nce of the device for two different electrolyte solutions is numerically exam.ned in a uniform magnetic field. Application of different potentials to different electrodes allows the current to be induced. The combination of the induced current and magnetic field yields Lorentz force, resulting in the fluid motion. The numerical simulation for the flows in the device is carried out with commercial software CFX. The validity of CFX code for the present numerical model is presented. The mixing perform.nce of the fluids is investigated in m.ny different cases with different combinations of input voltage of the electrode. This study shows that the mixing perform.nce can be enhanced by applying spatially alternating positive and negative voltages to the electrodes. The present simulation results show that with a magnetic field intensity lower than 0.5 T, a voltage difference smaller than 2.0 V, and an electric conductivity of electrolyte solution of 1.5 S/m the pumping capabilities ranging 1.6×10^（-7）-3.6×10^（-6） kg/s and the mixing indexes higher than 0.90 can be obtained with sophisticated designs of the micromixer.

关键词： mixer electrolyte solution Lorentz force CFX

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numerical analysis of a magnetohydrodynamic duct flow with flow channel insert under a non-uniform magnetic field

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2018年第6期30卷 1134-1142页

作者： C.n.kim Departm.nt of mechanical Engineering College of Engineering Kyung Hee University

This study performs a numerical analysis of three-dim.nsional liquid metal(Lm) magnetohydrodynamic(mHD) flows in a square duct with an FCI in a non-uniform magnetic field. The current study predicts detailed information on flow velocity, Lorentz force, pressure, current and electric potential of mHD duct flows for different Hartm.nn numbers. Also, the effect of the electric conductivity of FCI on the pressure drop along the main flow direction in a non-uniform magnetic field is exam.ned. The present study investigates the features of Lm mHD flows in consideration of the interdependency am.ng the flow variables.

关键词： non-uniform magnetic field liquid metal blanket magnetohydrodynamic(mHD) duct flow flow channel insert

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magnetohydrodynamic flows tuning in a conduit with multiple channels under a magnetic field applied perpendicular to the plane of flow

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2017年第2期29卷 332-343页

作者： Y.Luo C.n.kim m.Q.Zhu Departm.nt of mechanical Engineering Graduate SchoolKyung Hee UniversityYong-inKorea Departm.nt of mechanical Engineering College of EngineeringKyung Hee UniversityYong-inKorea

In this study, three-dim.nsional liquid-metal magnetohydrodynamic flows in a conduit with multiple channels under a uniform magnetic field are numerically investigated. The geometry of the conduit is of a four-parallel-channels system including one inflow channel and three outflow channels. The liquid-metal flows into the inflow channel, then turns through 180° in the transi- tion segm.nt, finally flows into three different outflow channels. This kind of channel system can induce counter flow and co-flow, which is rarely investigated before though the conceptual designs of duct flow in the blanket have suggested this type of flow. A structured grid system is chosen after a series of mesh independence tests in the present study. The axial velocity in the side layer near the first partitioning wall, located between the inflow channel and the first outflow channel, is the highest with the lowest electric potential formed therein. The pressure almost linearly decreases in the main flow direction, except in the transition segm.nt. moreover, the pressure gradient in the first outflow channel is the largest am.ng the three outflow channels. The interdependency of the current, fluid velocity, pressure, electric potential is exam.ned in order to describe the electromagnetic characteristics of the liquid-metal flows.

关键词： Liquid-metal magnetohydrodynamics multiple channels

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Flow imbalance in mHD flows in splitting ducts with locally different electric conductivities of the walls

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2018年第5期30卷 920-927页

作者： Yang Luo m.ngqi Zhu C.n.kim Departm.nt of mechanical Engineering Graduate School Kyung Hee University Departm.nt of mechanical Engineering College of Engineering Kyung Hee University

In this study, three-dim.nsional liquid-metal magnetohydrodynamic splitting flows in a duct with one inflow channel and two outflow channels with locally different wall electric conductivities（different conductance ratios） are computationally exam.ned. The numerical calculation is achieved with the use of CFX code, with a structured grid system chosen after a series of mesh independence tests. The detailed features of the mHD flows are depicted in a case where the electric conductivities of the two outflow ducts are quite different. Also, the interdependency am.ng the current, fluid velocity, pressure and electric potential is elucidated in order to describe the electromagnetic characteristics of the liquid-metal flows. The result shows that the imbalance of the mass flow rate in the two outflow channels strongly depends on the wall conductivity（i.e., conductance ratio） of each outflow channel.

关键词： Liquid metal flow splitting duct flow imbalance numerical exam.nation conductance ratio

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near-infrared studies of nova V5584 Sgr in the pre-maximum and early decline phase

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2015年第7期15卷 993-1004页

作者： Ashish Raj D.P.K.Banerjee n.m.Ashok Sang Chul kim Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (KASI) Physical Research Laboratory Korea University of Science and Technology (UST)

We present near-infrared spectroscopic and photometric observations of nova V5584 Sgr taken during the first 12 d following its discovery on Oct. 26.439 UT2009. The evolution of the spectra is shown from the initial P Cygni phase to an emission line phase. The prom.nent carbon lines seen in the JHK spectra closely match those observed in an Fe II class nova outburst. The spectra show first-overtone CO bands in emission between 2.29-2.40 μm. By exam.ning WISE and other publicly available data, we show that the nova underwent a pronounced dust formation phase between February- April 2010.

关键词： line: identification -- techniques: spectroscopic -- stars: individual(V5584 Sgr) -- novae cataclysmic variables

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Peri-net-Pro: the neural processes with quantified uncertainty for crack patterns

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Applied mathematics and mechanics(English Edition) 2023年第7期44卷 1085-1100页

作者： m.kim G.LIn Samsung Electronics Yongin-siGyeonggi-do 17113Republic of Korea Departm.nt of mathematics Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN 47907-2067U.S.A. School of mechanical Engineering Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN 47907-2067U.S.A.

This paper develops a deep learning tool based on neural processes(nPs)called the Peri-net-Pro,to predict the crack patterns in a moving disk and classifies them according to the classification modes with quantified *** particular,image classification and regression studies are conducted by means of convolutional neural networks(Cnns)and ***,the amount and quality of the data are enhanced by using peridynamics to theoretically compensate for the problems of the finite elem.nt method(FEm)in generating crack pattern ***,case studies are conducted with the prototype microelastic brittle(PmB),linear peridynamic solid(LPS),and viscoelastic solid(VES)models obtained by using the peridynamic *** case studies are performed to classify the images by using Cnns and determ.ne the suitability of the PmB,LBS,and VES ***,a regression analysis is performed on the crack pattern images with nPs to predict the crack *** regression analysis results confirm that the variance decreases when the number of epochs increases by using the *** training results gradually improve,and the variance ranges decrease to less than *** main finding of this study is that the nPs enable accurate predictions,even with missing or insufficient training *** results dem.nstrate that if the context points are set to the 10th,100th,300th,and 784th,the training information is deliberately omitted for the context points of the 10th,100th,and 300th,and the predictions are different when the context points are significantly ***,the comparison of the results of the 100th and 784th context points shows that the predicted results are similar because of the Gaussian processes in the ***,if the nPs are employed for training,the missing information of the training data can be supplem.nted to predict the results.

关键词： neural process(nP) peridynamics crack pattern molecular dynamic(mD)simulation machine learning Gaussian process regression convolutional neural network(Cnn)

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