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Effect of plant nutrition on aphid size, prey consumption, and life history characteristics of green lacewing

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Insect Science 2014年第1期21卷 74-82页

作者： muhammad A. Aqueel Catherine m. Collins Abu-bakar m. Raza Shahbaz Ahmad muhammad Tariq Simon R. Leather Division of Ecology & Evolution Imperial College London Silwood Park Campus Ascot SL5 7PY United Kingdom Department of Entomology University College of Agriculture University of Sargodha Institute of Agricultural Sciences University of the Punjab Punjab Department of Entomology PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi Rawalpindi Pakistan

Plant quality can directly and indirectly affect the third trophic level. The predation by all the instars of green lacewing, Chrysoperla carnea （S.）（Neuroptera： Chrysopidae） on the cereal aphids, Rhopalosiphum padi （L.）, and Sitobion avenae （F.） at varying nitrogen fertilizer levels was calculated under laboratory conditions. Wheat plants were grown on four nitrogen fertilizer levels and aphids were fed on these plants and subsequently offered as food to the C. carnea. Aphid densities of 10, 30, and 90 were offered to first, second, and third instar larvae of green lacewing. Increased nitrogen application improved nitrogen contents of the plants and also the body weight of cereal aphids feeding on them. Aphid consumption by green lacewings was reduced with the increase in nitrogen content in the host plants of aphids. Predation of both aphid species by first, second, and third instars larvae of C. carnea was highest on aphids reared on plants with the lowest rate of fertilization, suggesting a compensatory consumption to overcome reduced biomass （lower aphid size）. Total biomass devoured by C. carnea on all nitrogen fertilizer treatments was not statistically different. Additionally, the heavier host prey influenced by the plant nutrition had an effect on the life history characteristics of green lacewings. The larval duration, pupal weight, pupal duration, fecundity, and male and female longevity were significantly affected by the level of nitrogen fertilization to the aphid＇s host plants, except for pupal duration when fed on S. avenae. This study showed that quantity of prey supplied to the larvae affects the prey consumption and thereafter the life history characteristics of green lacewings.

关键词： Chrysoperla carnea host plant nutrition tritrophic interactions

Why 2022 is a revolutionary year for potato genomics

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molecular Plant 2022年第8期15卷 1257-1259页

作者： m.Timothy Rabanus-Wallace Nils Stein Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research(IPK) Stadt SeelandGermany Center for Integrated Breeding Research Georg-August-University Gottingen37075 GottingenGermany

While the humble spud may seem simple enough boiled on a plate,a lot of thought and effort goes into producing the varieties we like to *** lovers are conservative:the Russet Burbank,for instance,has produced our favorite French fries since 1902(Bethke et al.,2014).Cultivars need to be genetically stable-a state that is achieved in self-pollinating crop species like wheat and barley by repeated inbreeding.

关键词： favorite varieties instance

Diversity and frequency of Nocardia *** the soil of Isfahan province,Iran

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2012年第6期2卷 474-478页

作者： Kachuei R Emami m mirnejad R Khoobdel m molecular Biology Research Center Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences Department of medical Parasitology and mycology Faculty of Public Health Tehran University of Medial Sciences Health Research Center Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences

Objective:To isolate and identify Nocardiaspp. from soil in different regions of Isfahan province in the center of ***:This study was conducted in 32 districts(16 cities and 16 villages)in Isfahan province during two years. A total of 800 soil samples from these regions were studied by using kanamycin. The isolated Nocardiaspecies were examined by gram and acid-fast staining and were identified biochemically and morphologically. The frequency and distribution of Nocardia spp. were determined in relation to different factors such as soil pH and temperate ***:From 153(19.1%)Nocardiaisolates identified,Nocardia asteroids(N. asteroids)complex(45.5%) andNocardia brasiliensis(N. brasiliensis)(24.7%) were the most frequently isolated species, followed by Nocardia otitidiscaviarum (2.2%),Nocardiopsis dassonvillei,Actinom adura actinomadura(each 1.7%) and Nocardia transvalensis(1.1%) and also unknown spp.(23.0%). In this study, most species(54.4%) of Nocardia, especially N. asteroides complex were isolated fromsoils with pH: 7.01-8, whereas in pH: 8.01-9 more N. brasiliensis was isolated. The most Nocardia spp. was detected from regions with semi-nomadic and temperate climate(41.1%).Conclusions:N. asteroids complex is more prevalent in Isfahan province and soil can be a potential source of nocardiosis infections. It is to be considering that climate and soil pH are involved in the frequency and diversity of aerobic Actinomy cetes.

关键词： Nocardia Nocardiosis Actinomycetes Soil microbiology Isfahan Iran Nocardia asteroids Climate

A vacuum nano-casting route to magnetite cores/mesoporous silica shell composites

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Nano-micro Letters 2009年第1期1卷 27-29页

作者： L.m.Guo J.L.Shi State Key Laboratory of High Performance and Superfine microstructure Shanghai Institute of Ceramics Chinese Academy of Science

Hollow mesoporous silica spheres with magnetite cores(HmSmC) have been fabricated by Vacuum Nano-casting Route. The amount of magnetite cores and saturation magnetization value can be easily adjusted by changing the concentration of iron nitrate solution used in the synthesis procedure. Furthermore, the as-prepared HmSmCs still maintain narrow mesopore distribution, high surface area and large pore volume after the hollow cores of hollow mesoporous silica spheres were filled with magnetite particles. Specially, when the saturation magnetization value of as-prepared HmSmCs reaches 22.0 emu/g, the surface area and pore volume of corresponding HmSmCs are 149 m^2/g and 0.19 cm^3/g, respectively, and the pore size is 2.30 nm. The corresponding samples are characterized by X-ray diffraction, N_2 sorption isotherms, transmission electron microscopy and vibrating-sample magnetometer.

关键词： Hollow mesoporous silica spheres magnetite cores Vacuum nano-casting

A pilot study of the association between genetic polymorphisms involved in estrogen signaling and infant male genital phenotypes

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2012年第5期14卷 766-772页

作者： Sheela Sathyanarayana Shanna H Swan Federico m Farin Hui-Wen Wilkerson michael Bamshad Richard Grady Chuan Zhou Stephen m Schwartzy Department of Pediatrics University of WashingtonSeattleWA 98195USA Center for Child Health Behaviorand DevelopmentSeattle Children's Research InstituteSeattleWA 98105USA Department of Preventive medicine Mount Sinai School of MedicineNew YorkNY 10029USA Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences University of WashingtonSeattleWA 98195USA Department of Genome Sciences University of WashingtonSeattleWA 98195USA Division of Pediatric Urology Seattle Children's HospitalSeattleWA 98105USA Department of Epidemiology University of WashingtonSeattleWA 98195USA Epidemiology Program Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleWA 98109USA

Single nucleotide polymorphisms （SNPs） in genes that influence development of the male reproductive tract have been associated with male genitourinary abnormalities. However, no studies have tested the relationship between SNPs and intermediate phenotypes such as anogenital distance （AGD）, anoscrotal distance （ASD） and penile width （PW）. We tested whether 24 common SNPs in eight genes that influence male genital development were associated with intermediate phenotypes in 106 healthy male infants from the Study for Future Families. We used DNA from buccal smears and linear regression models to assess the relationship between anogenital measurements and SNP genotypes with adjustment for covariates. We found that the rs2077647 G allele, located in the coding region of estrogen receptor alpha （ESR1）, was associated with a shorter AGD （P=0.02; -7.3 mm, 95% confidence interval （CI）： -11.6 to -3.1）, and the rs10475 T allele, located in the 3＇ untranslated region of activating transcription factor 3 （ATF3）, was associated with a shorter ASD （-4.3 mm, 95% Ch -7.2 to -1.4）, although this result was not significant （P=0.07） after controlling for multiple comparisons. We observed no association between PW and the SNPs tested. minor alleles for two SNPs in genes that regulate estrogen signaling during male genital development were associated with AGD and ASD, although the significance of the association was marginal. Our findings suggest that AGD and ASD are influenced by heritable factors in genes known to be associated with frank male genital abnormalities such as hvpospadias and crvotorchidism.

关键词： gene hypospadias male phenotype polymorphism reproductive

Efficacy of postoperative short-term therapy of topical bevacizumab in recurrent pterygium surgery

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Annals of Eye Science 2017年第1期2卷 35-38页

作者： Waled m.Nada Basem m.Ibrahim Ophthalmology Department Faculty of MedicineZagazig UniversityZagazigEgypt

Background:The study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of postoperative short-term therapy(for 2 weeks)of topical bevacizumab in recurrent pterygium surgery regarding to corneal vascularization and pterygium ***:This prospective randomized comparative study included two groups of patients with recurrent pterygium,all eyes were subjected to pterygium excision with conjunctiva auto graft,and group A(30 eyes of 30 patients)was treated with postoperative topical tobramycine and dexamethazone for 2 *** B(30 eyes of 30 patients)was treated also with postoperative topical tobramycine and dexamethazone in addition to topical bevacizumab 5 mg/mL 4 times daily for 2 ***-up of cases up to 6 months was performed recording corneal vascularization and pterygium ***:The results revealed that after 6 months,group A treated with postoperative tobramycine and dexamethazone reported 5 eyes of recurrence(16.7%)which not significantly(P=0.44726)(P>0.05)different from group B treated with the addition of topical bevacizumab which reported 3 eyes of recurrence(10%).But group B showed significantly different in decreasing corneal neovascularization than group A(P=0.000805)(Pm therapy of topical bevacizumab in recurrent pterygium surgery by conjunctiva auto graft showed lower recurrence rate but not statistically significant,But it reduced significantly corneal neovascularization.

关键词： Corneal neovascularization recurrent pterygium topical bevacizumab

A mONTE CARLO SImULATION OF SECONDARY ELECTRON AND BACKSCATTERED ELECTRON ImAGES IN SCANNING ELECTRON mICROSCOPY

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Acta metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2005年第3期18卷 351-355页

作者： H.m.Li Z.J.Ding HefeiNationalLaboratoryforPhysicalSciencesatmicroscaleandDepartmentofPhysics UniversityofScienceandTechnologyofChinaHefei230026China

A new parallel monte Carlo simulation method of secondary electron (SE) and back scattered electron images (BSE) of scanning electron microscopy (SEm) for a com plex geometric structure has been developed. This paper describes briefly the si mulation method and the modification to the conventional sampling method for the step length. Example simulation results have been obtained for several artifici al structures.

关键词： monte Carlo SEm secondary electrons backscattered electrons,

Influences of Biochar and Biochar-mineral Complex on mycorrhizal Colonisation and Nutrition of Wheat and Sorghum

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Pedosphere 2015年第5期25卷 686-695页

作者： Paul BLACKWELL Stephen JOSEPH Paul mUNROE Hossain m.ANAWAR Paul STORER Robert J.GILKES Zakaria m.SOLAImAN Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia Geraldton Regional Office School of materials Science and Engineering University of New South WalesSydney Discipline of Chemistry University of Newcastle University of Wollongong School of Earth and Environment and UWA Institute of Agriculture The University of Western Australia Australian mineral Fertilisers Pty Ltd. Soil Biology and molecular Ecology Group School of Earth and Environment and UWA Institute of AgricultureThe University of Western Australia

The high price of synthetic fertilisers and the price barrier for biochar as a soil amendment have encouraged the exploration of using biochar in fertiliser replacement formulations. Biochars coupled with fertilisers can be applied at lower application rates to achieve benefits in plant growth and nutrition, as well as soil biological fertility. It is necessary to evaluate the use of biochar as a fertiliser substitute. Therefore, this study investigated the comparative influences of biochars, including Acacia saligna （AS）, Simcoa jarrah （S J） and Wundowie jarrah （W J）, mineral fertiliser with microbes （mF ＋ m）, biochar-mineral complex （BmC） and their combination on mycorrhizal colonisation, growth and nutrition of wheat in a glasshouse experiment and sorghum in field conditions. BmC ＋ mF ＋ m treatment produced higher mycorrhizal colonisation than mF ＋ m alone, indicating that BmC had a significant role in increasing mycorrhizal colonisation. SJ （treated with acetic acid） and mF ＋ m treatments, as well as AS ＋ mF ＋ m application, showed similar effects on mycorrhizal colonisation, but lower colonisation than the BmC ＋ mF ＋ m treatment. Ovcrall~ the BmC ＋ mF ＋ m treatment supported the maximum shoot, root and total plant dry weight followed by AS ＋ mF ＋ m and WJ ＋ mF ＋ m. The mF ＋ m treatment had the maximum shoot N and K concentrations, while BmC ＋ mF ＋ m application had the maximum shoot P concentration. AS ＋ mF -4- m and WJ ＋ mF ＋ m treatments supported the maximum N uptake by wheat shoots, while BmC ＋ mF ＋ m supported the maximum P uptake. The results showed that biochars and BmCs could increase mycorrhizal colonisation, plant growth and nutrient uptake of wheat, particularly N, P, K, S and Zn. The field experiment confirmed that BmC application at a rate of 300 kg ha-1 could increase the yield of irrigated sorghum on a loam soil and provide better applied P use efficiency compared to a water-soluble fertiliser alone. These results indicated that biochar-based fer

关键词： carbon sequestration nutrient uptake P use efficiency soil biological fertility wheat production

Improving thermal comfort in mosques of hot-humid climates through passive and lowenergy design strategies

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2023年第2期12卷 361-385页

作者： Nabeeha Amatullah Azmi Azhaili Baharun müslüm Arıcı Siti Halipah Ibrahim Faculty of Engineering Universiti Malaysia Sarawak94300 SarawakMalaysia Faculty of Built Environment Universiti Malaysia Sarawak94300 SarawakMalaysia Engineering Faculty Kocaeli University41001 KocaeliTurkey

mosques have intermittent operational schedules with short-term occupancy during the five daily *** occupancy level of the daily prayers is a fraction compared to the mandatory Friday prayers with full ***,the same thermal control mechanism is operated within the same large prayer hall to maintain the thermal comfort of the ***,the comfort requirements are often not met due to the short span of operation during prayer ***,mosques have a very high energy usage as the same energyintensive system is operated even during minimal occupancy *** current research aims at using a passive approach towards design to achieve the comfort conditions during the low occupancy daily prayer times without employing mechanical *** simulations are carried out on a validated model of the case study building to investigate the impact of the west-facing Qiblah wall as the congregation stands in proximity to this *** design alternatives are tested in conjunction with ventilation strategies to holistically assess the thermal comfort of the *** show that as much as 4-6℃reduction in indoor wall surface temperature can be achieved with a suitable Qiblah wall design,which reduces the mean radiant temperature of the occupants by 2-4℃.Combined with ventilation strategies,thermal comfort can be significantly improved by at least 40%for the prayers during the hottest times of the day,and as much as 80%for night-time *** suggest that suitable comfort conditions can be achieved without the need for air-conditioning for at least two or three of the five daily prayers.

关键词： mosque building Thermal comfort Passive design strategy Natural ventilation Intermittent occupancy Hot-humid climate