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Review of current reconstructive approaches for pan-brachial plexus injuries

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Plastic and Aesthetic Research 2023年第1期10卷 258-269页

作者： Sean m.mitchell Justin W.Zumsteg Karan A.Desai Department of Hand&Upper Extremity Surgery Orlando Health Jewett Orthopedic InstituteOrlandoFL 32806USA

Pan-brachial plexus injuries present a challenging clinical problem,resulting in severe impairment of motor and sensory function in the upper *** current literature has outlined several promising methodologies for treatment,a consensus has yet to be *** this review,we present three general approaches for reconstructing the upper extremity in these complex cases.

关键词： Pan-brachial plexus injuries brachial plexus reconstructive techniques

Assessing the utility of the tipping point ratio to monitor HIV treatment programmes in the era of universal access to ART

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Infectious Disease modelling 2018年第1期3卷 85-96页

作者： Simon de montigny marie-Claude Boily Benoît Rmasse Kate m.mitchell Dobromir T.Dimitrov CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center MontrealQCCanada School of Public Health University of MontrealMontrealQCCanada Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology Imperial CollegeLondonUnited Kingdom Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center SeattleWAUnited States

Background:The epidemiological tipping point ratio(TPR)has been suggested as a useful indicator to monitor the scale-up of antiretroviral treatment(ART)programmes and determine when scale-up is sufficient to control the *** has been defined as the ratio of yearly number of new HIV infections to the yearly number of new ART initiations or to the yearly net increase in the number of people on *** has been used to rank the progress of treatment programmes across countries,with the objective of reaching a TPR value under *** study aims to assess if TPR alone can be used as an indicator of ART success across settings by comparing the expected changes in HIV incidence and ART coverage when TPR is maintained constant over *** particular,we focus on the effect of ART initiation timing(emphasis on ART being initiated early or late during HIV progression)on the interpretation of the ***:We used a dynamic model of HIV transmission in South Africa representing ART rollout leading to universal treatment in *** model is calibrated to HIV incidence,HIV prevalence and ART coverage in 2012 in South Africa,and 1000 simulations are selected for the base-case *** measure the effect of TPR,we simulate TPRpreserving interventions,maintaining TPR(yearly number of new ART initiations denominator)at the value observed in 2019(between 0.65 and 1.25)for 15 *** compare ART coverage and HIV incidence across TPR values and across strategies in which ART access is prioritized *** a secondary analysis,we illustrate the sensitivity of new ART initiations to ART retention,and we compare both definitions of the ***:Our analysis shows that HIV incidence reduction is weakly correlated to TPR:the same reduction in HIV incidence(15%)can be achieved by implementing the same strategy with a wide range of TPR maintained(0.65e1.12).Assuming high retention in ART,TPR-preserving strategies prioritizing early ART initiation yield greater reduction i

关键词： treatment maintained retention

Using data from‘visible’populations to estimate the size and importance of‘hidden’populations in an epidemic:A modelling technique

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Infectious Disease modelling 2020年第1期5卷 798-813页

作者： Anna m.Foss Holly J.Prudden Kate m.mitchell michael Pickles Reynold Washington Anna E.Phillips michel Alary marie-Claude Boily Stephen moses Charlotte H.Watts Peter T.Vickerman Department of Global Health and Development and Centre for mathematical modelling of Infectious Diseases London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine15-17 Tavistock PlaceLondonWC1H 9SHUK Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology School of Public HealthImperial College LondonMedical School BuildingSt Mary’s CampusNorfolk PlaceLondonW21PGUK St John’s Research Institute 100 Feet RoadJohn NagarKoramangalaBangalore560034KarnatakaIndia Department of Community Health Sciences Max Rady College of MedicineRady Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of ManitobaS113-750 Bannatyne AvenueWinnipegManitobaR3E 0W3Canada Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-UniversitéLaval 1050 Chemin Ste-FoyQuébec(Qc)G1S 4L8Canada Département de médecine sociale et préventive Facultéde médecineUniversitéLaval1050avenue de la MédecineQuébec(Qc)G1V 0A6Canada

We used reported behavioural data from cisgender men who have sex with men and transgender women(mSm/TGW)in Bangalore,mainly collected from‘hot-spot’locations that attract mSm/TGW,to illustrate a technique to deal with potential issues with the representativeness of this sample.A deterministic dynamic model of HIV transmission was developed,incorporating three subgroups of mSm/TGW,grouped according to their reported predominant sexual role(insertive,receptive or versatile).Using mathematical modelling and data triangulation for‘balancing’numbers of partners and role preferences,we compared three different approaches to determine if our technique could be useful for inferring characteristics of a more‘hidden’insertive mSm subpopulation,and explored their potential importance for the HIV *** for 2009 across all three approaches suggest that HIV prevalence among insertive mSm was likely to be less than half that recorded in the surveys(4.5e6.5%versus 13.1%),but that the relative size of this subgroup was over four times larger(61e69%of all mSm/TGW versus 15%).We infer that the insertive mSm accounted for 10e20%of all prevalent HIV infections among urban males aged *** modelling can be used with data on‘visible’mSm/TGW to provide insights into the characteristics of‘hidden’mSm.A greater understanding of the sexual behaviour of all mSm/TGW is important for effective HIV *** broadly,a hidden subgroup with a lower infectious disease prevalence than more visible subgroups,has the potential to contain more infections,if the hidden subgroup is considerably larger in size.

关键词： HIV Infectious diseases mathematical modelling men who have sex with men Transgender women India

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生命真的开始于RNA世界吗?

世界科学 1993年第8期 26-28页

作者： m.mitchell Waldrop 李庆

混沌初开,地球上的原始生物还没进化出蛋白质或遗传密码的时候,复杂而万能的RNA分子(核糖核酸)控制着生物体的基础化学。地球上的每一点遗传信息都被编入RNA中。细胞新陈代谢中发生的一切化学反应都由RNA来催化。大约40亿万年前的原始... 详细信息

混沌初开,地球上的原始生物还没进化出蛋白质或遗传密码的时候,复杂而万能的RNA分子(核糖核酸)控制着生物体的基础化学。地球上的每一点遗传信息都被编入RNA中。细胞新陈代谢中发生的一切化学反应都由RNA来催化。大约40亿万年前的原始地球是一个“RNA世界”。上述观点已成为人们的常识。80年代初,当科罗拉多大学的托马斯·舍契(Thomas Cech)和耶鲁大学的西德尼·沃尔曼(Sidney Alman)证

关键词：学说乔伊斯生命欧格尔 RNA 生命起源遗传信息同分异构体

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耐氯胺的EP弹性体及其胶料

橡胶参考资料 2000年第2期30卷 1-5页

作者： Julian m.mitchell 屈成军

人们经常抱怨应用于家庭用水系统的橡胶件的失效问题。这些产品易溶胀、龟裂,且都与采用的丁腈橡胶胶料及乙烯/丙烯共聚物材料有关。胶件失效的例子有: 1)

关键词：耐氯胺弹性体混炼胶

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人工智能——仿造人类的思维

世界科学 1986年第4期 40-43页

作者： m.mitchell Waldrop 丁鸿富

经过三十年艰苦的工作以后,人工智能正成熟起来,正从实验室走向市场。专家系统,即能够像人类的专家一样给出建议的计算机程序,已经能够确定矿藏位置,为病人诊断。程序已经可以做到相当灵巧地理解通俗的英语或法语。机器人不久就可以借... 详细信息

经过三十年艰苦的工作以后,人工智能正成熟起来,正从实验室走向市场。专家系统,即能够像人类的专家一样给出建议的计算机程序,已经能够确定矿藏位置,为病人诊断。程序已经可以做到相当灵巧地理解通俗的英语或法语。机器人不久就可以借助于计算机视觉系统,把一个物体或场面的数字化照片储存起来,还可以相当准确地“认出”照片上有些什么。

关键词：人工智能研究者计算机程序人类