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Enterococcus faecalis can be distinguished from Enterococcus faecium via differential susceptibility to antibiotics and growth and fermentation characteristics on mannitol salt agar

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Frontiers in Biology 2012年第2期7卷 167-177页

作者： maria L. G. QUILOAN John VU John carvalho Biology Program Biology Department California State University Dominguez Hills （CSUDH） Carson CA 90747 USA m. S. Biology Program Biology Department California State University Dominguez Hills （CSUDH） Carson CA 90747 USA Biology department California State University Dominguez Hills （CSUDH） Carson CA 90747 USA

Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium are both human intestinal colonizers frequently used in medical bacteriology teaching laboratories in order to train students in bacterial identification. In addition, hospitals within the United States and around the world commonly isolate these bacteria because they are a cause of bacteremia, urinary tract infections, endocarditis, wound infections, and nosocomial infections. Given that enterococci are becoming more of a world health hazard, it is important for laboratories to be able to distinguish these bacteria within hospitalized patients from other bacterial genera. In addition, laboratories must differentiate different species within the Enterococcus genus as well as different strains within each species. Though enterococci are differentiated from other bacterial genera via classical culture and biochemical methods, nucleic acid sequencing is required to differentiate species within the genus--a costly, time consuming, and technically challenging procedure for laboratory technicians that, in itself, does not necessarily lead to speedy identification of bactericidal antibiotics. In this study, we perform antibiogram analysis to show （1） that penicillin can be rapidly employed to distinguish strains and clinical isolates of E. faecalis from E. faecium, （2） E. faecalis is susceptible to ampicillin, and （3） that vancomycin resistance in enterococci shows no sign of abating. Additionally, we show that E. faecalis can grow on mannitol salt agar and ferment mannitol, while E. faecium lacks these phenotypes. These data reveal that we now have rapid, cost effective ways to identify enterococci to the species, and not just genus, level and have significance for patient treatment in hospitals.

关键词： enterococci Staphylococcus antibiotic resistance bacteriology microbiology

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managing natural grasslands in a changing world:grazing ecology insights to accomplish reoriented management expectations

Managing natural grasslands in a changing world:grazing ecol...

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ⅩⅪ International Grassland Congress and the Ⅷ International Rangeland Congress

作者： Paulo C.de F.carvalho Sila C.da Silva Carlos Nabinger Anibal de m.raes Teresa C.m.Genro Plantas Forrageiras e Agrometeorologia-UFRGS.Av.Bento Goncalves 7712 CEP 91501-970 Porto Alegre-RSBrazil.Depto.

＜正＞Key points: *** is an increasing debate regarding the quality of pastoral *** than the production per se,a series of multifunctional responsibilities have been attributed to the pastoral ecosystems,that they always had,but have only became imperative as the world natural resources became threatened. *** quality of the use of a pastoral ecosystem can be interpreted through signals emitted by their biotic and abiotic

关键词： biodiversity ingestive behaviour plant functional types Brazilian Pampa sward structure

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A Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing the Efficacy of P6 Acupuncture Plus Ondansetron versus Ondansetron or P6 Acupuncture in the Prevention of Nausea and Vomiting after Bupivacaine-morphine Spinal Anesthesia

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Open Journal of Anesthesiology 2017年第8期7卷 253-263页

作者： Chang Yen Yin José Reinaldo Cerqueira Braz Wei Tzon Hackan Chang Colares Lídia Raquel de carvalho marília Pinheiro módolo Paulo do Nascimento Junior Norma Sueli Pinheiro módolo School of Physical Education and Physiotherapy Federal University of Amazonas UFAM Manaus Brazil department of Anesthesiology School of Medicine Botucatu University of S&atilde o Paulo State UNESP Botucatu Brazil School of medicine Federal University of Amazonas UFAM Manaus Brazil Bioscience Institute Botucatu University of S&atilde o Paulo State UNESP Botucatu Brazil

Objective: To compare P6 acupuncture plus ondansetron with either ondansetron or P6 acupuncture in the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in patients submitted to spinal anesthesia. methods: A randomized controlled trial was performed with 90 patients undergoing orthopedic surgery under spinal anesthesia with bupivacaine, 15 to 17.5 mg, and morphine, 100 μg. They were assigned to one of the three groups: Group Ondansetron (n = 30), patients were given ondansetron, 8 mg intravenously, before spinal block was performed;Group P6 acupuncture (n = 30), patients were subjected to bilateral electrical stimulation of P6 acupoint for 30 minutes before anesthesia;and Group P6 acupuncture plus ondansetron (n = 30), the exact combination of the groups Ondansetron and P6 acupuncture. Results: In the post anesthesia care unit, the incidence of nausea and vomiting ranged from 13.3% to 26.7% and from 6.7% to 13.3%, respectively, with no significant differences among groups (p > 0.05). Ondansetron group had the highest incidence of nausea (73.3%) (p miting (43.3%) (p m 0 to 24 hours, followed by P6 acupuncture (33.3% and 26.7%) and P6 acupuncture plus ondansetron groups (16.0% and 0%). Conclusion: Preoperative stimulation of P6 acupoint in combination with ondansetron has higher efficacy than either P6 acupoint stimulation or the administration of ondansetron on the prevention of PONV in patients submitted to bupivacaine-morphine spinal anesthesia.

关键词： Anesthesia Nausea Vomiting Acupuncture Ondansetron

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Estimates for Carbon Stocks in Soil under Humid Grassland Areas in the Federal District of Brazil

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Open Journal of Ecology 2014年第13期4卷 777-787页

作者： Andreia m.S.Franca Rodrigo J.O.Paiva Edson E.Sano Arminda m.carvalho Instituto Federal de Brasília Campus SamambaiaBrasiliaBrazil Universidade de Brasilia Pos-Graduacao em Geoprocessamento AmbientalBrasiliaBrazil Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuaria EMBRAPA CerradosBrasiliaBrazil

The soils that lay below humid ecosystems are characterized as being significant holders of carbon. Because of the great susceptibility of this type of environment to anthropic changes, expressive quantities of carbon stored in the soil can be released into the atmosphere. In the Cerrado biome (Brazil), only a few types of vegetation have had carbon storage levels in their soil estimated. The main purpose of this study was to obtain basic quantitative parameters for carbon storage and to identify the general aspects of soil in regions where there exists Humid Grasslands (Campo Limpo úmido), a kind of humid area phytophysiognomy found in the Cerrado. We selected 6 regions of the Federal District with this kind of vegetation formation, characterized by low anthropic impact and located either in the interior or in the proximity of specially protected areas. In each one of the sampled regions, we marked a transect with 4 equidistant points and collected material at 7 different levels of depth: 0 - 5, 5 - 10, 10 - 20, 20 - 30, 30 - 40, 40 - 50 and 50 - 60 cm. We obtained 168 samples, with 84 related to Humid Grassland areas in gleysols and 84 samples related to areas in plinthosols—types of soil dominant in this environment. We determined the texture, bulk density and concentration of nitrogen and carbon at each depth. The average concentration of carbon for Humid Grassland areas was 55.19 ***-1, with an average of 61.65 ***-1 for Gleysols and 48.73 ***-1 for Plinthosols. The soil samples displayed distinct textural differences between gleysols and plinthosols. There were no significant differences in soil density (0.75 ***-3 for Gleysols and 0.72 ***-3 for Plinthosols). The average concentration of nitrogen was 20.66 ***-1, with 23.98 ***-1 for Gleysols and 17.34 ***-1 for Plinthosols. The average carbon storage for Humid Grassland areas, down to 60 cm deep, was 244.17 mg C ha-1 and the total estimated stock for these areas in the Federal District was 206.71 G

关键词： Cerrado Wetland Carbon Stocks Grasslands

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Application of Simplex method in the Radiotherapy Treatment

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Applied mathematics 2016年第17期7卷 2229-2240页

作者： Thais R. Salvador Silvia m. S. carvalho mayk V. Coelho DFQm Federal University of S&atilde o Carlos Sorocaba S&atilde o Paulo Brazil Federal University of Alfenas-mG Po&ccedil os de Caldas Minas Gerais Brazil

This work presents an application of the Simplex method for solving an optimal planning problem for cancer treatment by radiotherapy. Linear Programming can aid the optimal planning for radiation therapy, where the concern is to apply a high enough radiation in the tumor while saving significantly healthy regions or critical organs.

关键词： Linear Programming Simplex method Radiotherapy

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The Influence of Surge Arrester Location on Over-Voltages Caused by Direct Lightning Strikes to mV Lines

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Journal of Energy and Power Engineering 2014年第3期8卷 508-514页

作者： Alexandre Piantini Thais O. de carvalho Paulo F. Obase Jorge m. Janiszewski Gilnei J. G. Santos Donorvan R. Fagundes Institute of Energy and Environment University of Sao Paulo Sao Paulo 05508-010 Brazil Polytechnic School University ofS6o Paulo S6o Paulo 05508-010 Brazil AES SUL Coordination of Planning and Engineering S6o Leopoldo 93010-060 Brazil

In the period 2003-2011, lightning over-voltages accounted for about 47% of the total number of distribution transformer failures observed in the service area ofAES Sul, a power company that operates in the state of Rio Grande doSul, in South Brazil. This paper presents the results of an investigation on the influence of the distance between transformer and mV arresters on the surges at the transformer windings caused by direct strikes to the mV network. The analysis, performed through simulations using the Alternative Transients Program, shows that in general higher voltages are produced by subsequent strokes. Although in relation to the primary side the surges transferred to the secondary are much less affected by the distance between transformers and primary arresters, such distance should always be kept as short as possible in order to reduce the probability of occurrence of transformer failures due to over-voltages at the mV bushings.

关键词： Distribution transformer lightning surges overvoltages.

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Advances in Tropical Soil Characterization via Portable X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry

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Pedosphere 2019年第4期29卷 468-482页

作者： Elen A. SILVA David C. WEINDORF Sergio H. G. SILVA Bruno T. RIBEIRO Giovana C. POGGERE Teotonio S. carvalho mariana G. m. GONQALVES Luiz R. G. GUILHERmE Nilton CURI department of Soil Science Federal University of Lavras Lavras 37200-000 (Brazil) department of Plant and Soil Science Texas Tech University Texas 79409-2122 (USA)

Portable X-ray fluorescence(pXRF) spectrometers can be used to determine the elemental composition easily, rapidly, and without using chemical reagents, which is very important for tropical regions due to the lack of detailed soil characterization data. moreover,pXRF data can be used to predict the results of more expensive, time-consuming, and conventional laboratory analyses. This study sought to determine the elemental composition of various soil profiles using pXRF. Two operational modes(Trace mode and General mode) and two scanning time(30 and 60 s) were assessed to determine their effects on the correlation of pXRF dataset with respect to conventional inductively coupled plasma(ICP)-optical emission spectrometry analysis. This relationship has been reported in previous studies, however, few studies were performed on tropical soils, which are unique. Furthermore, such relationships establish the viability of developing prediction models directly from pXRF data. Linear regression was applied to develop calibration models for the prediction of ICP analysis results and exchangeable and available elemental contents based on pXRF data. High coefficients of determination(R^2) were obtained for Ca(0.87), Cu(0.90), Fe(0.95), mn(0.85), Cr(0.95), V(0.72), and Ni(0.90), with adequate validation. Statistically significant results were not found for Al, K, Zn, Ti, and Zr. The models predicting the exchangeable Ca based on the total Ca from p XRF reached an R^2 of up to 0.85. Operational modes influenced the pXRF results. Our results illustrate that pXRF holds great promise for tropical soil characterization and the development of prediction models, justifying the need for larger-scale studies in tropical countries worldwide.

关键词： elemental composition exchangeable Ca inductively coupled plasma operational mode prediction models scanning time soil analysis total elemental content

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Urban Settlement Spatial Analysis in Permanent Preservation Area of m’boicy Watershed River, Foz do Iguaçu City in Brazil

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International Journal of Geosciences 2016年第10期7卷 1222-1231页

作者： Luis Henrique Weiss de carvalho Sandro Laudares matheus Pereira Libório marianna Petrovna Ekel Renato de Oliveira marques Geoprocessing GeoInnovit Solucoes Tecnológicas Foz do Iguacu Brazil department of Geoghaphy Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte Brazil department of Distance Learning Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte Brazil Research Support Foundation of minas Gerais Belo Horizonte Brazil

Irregular urban settlement increases environmental impacts, especially when these occupations occur in fragile location, as the environmental preservation areas. In these areas, also defined as Permanent Preservation Area (PPA), the presence of watersheds is common, which is the factor that increases the need of protecting them from anthropic actions. Those actions deteriorate the environment and mainly the watercourses. This research objective is to identify and estimate the environmental risks of m’Boyci watershed River PPA occupied areas by urban population. The risk analysis approach, at this PPA in Foz do Iguacu City in Brazil, is able to support public interventions in order to reestablish the PPA natural conditions. To reach this goal, it was necessary to use cartographical representation images, generated from digital orthophotos analyzed through free geographical information systems. The overlap and the contrast of geographical data related to preservation in urban areas show that urban occupation reaches almost 40% of the permanent preservation area. Complementarily, it is evidenced that the development of a risk map identifies PPA areas characterized by a greater concentration of irregular settlement, contributing to the planning process of residents, relocation actions and recovery of degraded areas.

关键词： Urban Settlement Permanent Preservation Areas Environmental Impact Spatial Analysis Geographical Information System

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Extracts of the seaweed Bifurcaria bifurcata display antifungal activity against human dermatophyte fungi

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2019年第3期37卷 848-854页

作者： carvalho G.Loic SILVA Raquel GONCALVES J.maria BATISTA T.maria PEREIRA Leonel Environmental and Biochemical Sciences Group the James Hutton InstituteDundee DD2 5DAScotlandUK Institute of mechanical Process and Energy EngineeringSchool of Engineering and Physical SciencesHeriot Watt UniversityEdinburgh EH14 4ASScotlandUK mARE (marine and Environmental Sciences Centre) Department of Life SciencesFaculty of Sciences and TechnologyUniversity of CoimbraCoimbra 3030-790Portugal CIEPQPF Department of Chemical EngineeringFaculty of Science and TechnologyUniversity of CoimbraCoimbra 3030-790Portugal

Bifurcaria bifurcata is a seaweed of the Order Fucales(Ochrophyta,Phaeophyceae)that can be found all year round along the Portuguese Atlantic *** it is considered edible in some countries,its biotechnological potential has not yet been assessed in detail and here we report its antimicrobial potential against human dermatophyte *** samples were harvested from Baleal Island(Peniche,Portugal)harvested in winter(BbPe);from Aguda Beach(Arcozelo,Vila Nova de Gaia,Portugal),harvested in autumn(BbAg)and a sample obtained by culturing the Aguda sample under laboratory conditions(BbLC).A broth macrodilution assay was applied to determine the mIC(minimum inhibitory concentration)and mLC(minimum lethal concentration)of the *** *** show that the BbPe meOH extracts were the most effective and had higher antifungal activity against all the tested dermatophyte strains than the BbLC and BaAg extracts[Epidermophyton floccosum FF9(100–200μg/mL mIC;200μg/mL mLC),microsporum canis FF1(400μg/mL mIC;≥400μg/mL mLC),Trichophyton mentagrophytes FF7(100μg/mL mIC;>800μg/mL mLC),*** CECT 2908(800μg/mL mIC;≥800μg/mL mLC),*** *** CECT 2958(800μg/mL mIC;≥800μg/mL mLC),*** CECT 2794(200μg/mL mIC;≥400μg/mL mLC)].In fact,only *** FF9 was sensitive to BbAg and BbLC meOH *** our knowledge,this is the first report of antifungal activity of *** against human dermatophyte fungi.

关键词： seaweed Bifurcaria bifurcata bioactivity antifungal dermatophytes minimum inhibitory concentration minimum lethal concentration

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Contribution to the Study of Phytosterols and Phenolics from the Barks and Leaves of the Trichilia catigua ***.,meliaceae

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Journal of Analytical Sciences, methods and Instrumentation 2012年第1期2卷 37-41页

作者： Jessé Boquett Lagos Carlos Alberto Bruel Gemin Josiane de Fátima Gaspari Dias marilis Dallarmi miguel Ranieri Campos Joao Luiz de Souza carvalho márcia do Rocio Duarte Obdulio Gomes miguel Programa de Pós-Graduacao em Ciências Farmacêuticas Universidade Federal do ParanáAv.Pref.Lothário MeissnerCuritibaPRBrazil

Trichilia catigua is a Brazilian native species known as "catuaba”. This study investigated the chromatographic features hydroalcoholic extracts that were obtained by different techniques, from barks and leaves. The chromatographic analysis has demonstrated the presence of chlorogenic acid, epicathechin and cathechin, as well as the presence of β-sitosterol and stigmasterol in both analyzed plant parts. The best results were those when it was used turbo-extraction, extraction using Soxhlet apparatus and ethanol 50%.

关键词： Trichilia Catigua Catuaba Chromatography

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