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Global prevalence and gender inequalities in at least 60 min of self-reported moderate-to-vigorous physical activity 1 or more days per week:An analysis with 707,616 adolescents

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第5期13卷 709-716页

作者： Raphael H.O.Araujo AndrúO.Werneck Clarice l.martins luciana l.Barboza Rafael m.Tassitano Nicolas Aguilar-Farias Gilmar m.Jesus Robinson Ramírez-Véelez Riki Tesler Adewale l.Oyeyemi Ellen C.m.Silva Robert G.Weaver mark S.Tremblay Javier Brazo-Sayavera Grégore I.mielke Danilo R.P.Silva Graduation Program in Health Sciences Londrina State University(UEL)Londrina 86057-970Brazil Center for Epidemiological Research in Nutrition and Health Department of NutritionSchool of Public HealthUniversidade de Sao Paulo(USP)Sao Paulo 01246-904Brazil Department of Physical Education Federal University of ParaıbaParaıba 58051-900Brazil Research Centre of Physical Activity Health and LeisureFaculty of SportsLaboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health(ITR)University of PortoPorto 4500Portugal Postgraduate Program in Physical Education University of BrasıliaBrasılia 70910-900Brazil Department of Kinesiology and Community Health University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignChampaignIL 61801-3841USA Department of Physical Education Sports and RecreationUniversidad de La FronteraTemuco 4680000Chile Department of Health State University of Feira de SantanaFeira de Santana 44036-900Brazil Navarrabiomed Hospital Universitario de Navarra(HUN)Navarra Institute for Health Research(IdiSNA)Universidad Publica de Navarra(UPNA)Pamplona 31006Spain Facultad de Ciencias de la Educacion Unidad Central del Valle del Cauca(UCEVA)TuluaValle del Cauca 763022Colombia Health management Department Faculty of Heath sciencesAriel UniversityAriel 40700Israel College of Health Solutions Arizona State UniversityPhoenixAZ 85004USA Arnold School of Public Health University of South CarolinaColumbiaSC 29208USA Healthy Active living and Obesity Research Group Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research InstituteOttawaON K1H 8L1Canada Department of Pediatrics University of OttawaOttawaON K1H 8L1Canada Department of Health Sciences Carleton UniversityOttawaON K1S 5B6Canada Department of Sports and Computer Science Universidad Pablo de Olavide(UPO)Seville 41013Spain Centro Universitario Regional Noreste Universidad de la RepublicaRivera 40000Uruguay School of Public Health The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLD 4006Australia Department of Physical Education

Background:Guidelines recommend that adolescents should accumulate an average of 60 min per day of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity(mVPA).However,using only this cut-off could hide important *** instance,from a population-level point of view,increasing physical activity for those with no or low physical activity could provide more health benefits than increasing physical activity for those with intermediate ***,including a more sensitive cut-point of≥1 days per week could be an additional strategy for identifying those with low access/opportunities for physical activity ***,the current study aims to estimate the prevalence of≥60 min of mVPA≥1 days per week among adolescents globally,and to describe any relevant gender ***:We used representative datasets from 146 countries/territories collected between 2003 and *** was *** were grouped into younger(≤14 years old)and older(>14 years old)*** Poisson regression models were used to identify the relative differences in≥60 min of mVPA≥1 days per week between boys and girls,and random-effects meta-analysis models were used to identify the pooled *** were stratified by country and ***:Approximately 80%of both younger and older adolescents reported≥60 min of mVPA≥1 days per *** prevalence was≥94%in Europe and Central Asia and North America,while the estimates for the other regions werelence of≥60 min of mVPA≥1 days per week was higher among boys than girls,with the largest differences occurring among the oldest adolescents(Prevalence ratio_(≤14y)=1.04(95%confidence interval(95%CI)):1.03-1.04)*** ratio_(>14y)=1.09(95%CI:1.08-1.10)).Conclusion:Approximately 8 out of 10 adolescents reported accumulating≥60 min of mVPA≥1 days per week,with notable differences between *** differences were observed in several countries,especially among the oldest *** fo

关键词： Global School-based Student Health Survey Health Behaviour Among School-aged Children survey Inequality Surveillance Youth

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Comparative analysis of microstructure,mechanical,and corrosion properties of biodegradable mg-3Y alloy prepared by selective laser melting and spark plasma sintering

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Journal of magnesium and Alloys 2024年第4期12卷 1496-1510页

作者： P.minárik m.Zemková S.Šašek J.Dittrich m.Knapek F.lukáˇc D.Koutný J.Jaroš R.Král Faculty of mathematics and Physics Charles UniversityKe Karlovu 5Praha 12116Czech Republic Research Centre University ofŽilinaUniverzitná8215/1Žilina 01026Slovakia Institute of Plasma Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences Za Slovankou 1782/318200 Praha 8Czech Republic Institute of machine and Industrial Design Brno University of TechnologyTechnická2896/2Brno 61669Czech Republic

This work explored possibilities of biodegradable magnesium alloy mg-3Y preparation by two modern powder metallurgy techniques–spark plasma sintering(SPS)and selective laser melting(Slm).The powder material was consolidated by both methods utilising optimised parameters,which led to very low porosity(∼0.3%)in the Slm material and unmeasurably low porosity in the SPS *** main aim of the study was the thorough microstructure characterisation and interrelation between the microstructure and the functional properties,such as mechanical strength,deformability,and corrosion *** materials showed comparable strength of∼110 mPa in tension and compression and relatively good deformability of∼9%and∼21%for the Slm and SPS materials,*** corrosion resistance of the SPS material in 0.1 m NaCl solution was superior to the Slm one and comparable to the conventional extruded *** digital image correlation during loading and the cross-section analysis of the corrosion layers revealed that the residual porosity and large strained grains have the dominant negative effect on the functional properties of the Slm *** the other hand,one of the primary outcomes of this study is that the SPS consolidation method is very effective in the preparation of the W3 biodegradable alloy,resulting in material with convenient mechanical and degradation properties that might find practical applications.

关键词： magnesium Yttrium Powder metallurgy microstructure mechanical strength Corrosion resistance

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metabolic collaboration between cells in the tumor microenvironment has a negligible effect on tumor growth

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The Innovation 2024年第2期5卷 107-114页

作者： Johan Gustafsson Fariba Roshanzamir Anders Hagnestål Sagar m.Patel Oseeyi I.Daudu Donald F.Becker Jonathan l.Robinson Jens Nielsen Department of life Sciences Chalmers University of TechnologySE-41296 GothenburgSweden Hagnesia AB SE-43854 HindåsSweden Department of Biochemistry and Redox Biology Center University of Nebraska-LincolnLincolnNE 68588USA BioInnovation Institute DK2200 CopenhagenDenmark

The tumor microenvironment is composed of a complex mixture of different cell types interacting under conditions of nutrient deprivation,but the metabolism therein is not fully understood due to difficulties in measuring metabolic fluxes and exchange of metabolites between different cell types in ***-scale metabolic modeling enables estimation of such exchange fluxes as well as an opportunity to gain insight into the metabolic behavior of individual cell ***,we estimated the availability of nutrients and oxygen within the tumor microenvironment using concentration measurements from blood together with a metabolite diffusion *** addition,we developed an approach to efficiently apply enzyme usage constraints in a comprehensive metabolic model of human *** combined modeling reproduced severe hypoxic conditions and the Warburg effect,and we found that limitations in enzymatic capacity contribute to cancer cells’preferential use of glutamine as a substrate to the citric acid ***,we investigated the common hypothesis that some stromal cells are exploited by cancer cells to produce metabolites useful for the cancer *** identified over 200 potential metabolites that could support collaboration between cancer cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts,but when limiting to metabolites previously identified to participate in such collaboration,no growth advantage was *** work highlights the importance of enzymatic capacity limitations for cell behaviors and exemplifies the utility of enzyme-constrained models for accurate prediction of metabolism in cells and tumor microenvironments.

关键词： metabolism effect limitations

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Engineering nanomedicines for immunogenic eradication of cancer cells:Recent trends and synergistic approaches

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2024年第6期14卷 2475-2504页

作者： Ahmed O.Elzoghby Omar Samir Hagar E.Emam Ahmed Soliman Riham m.Abdelgalil Yomna m.Elmorshedy Kadria A.Elkhodairy mahmoud l.Nasr Division of Engineering in medicine and Division of Renal medicine Department of MedicineBrigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBoston 02115MAUSA Cancer Nanotechnology Research laboratory(CNRl) Faculty of PharmacyAlexandria UniversityAlexandria 21521Egypt

Resistance to cancer immunotherapy is mainly attributed to poor tumor immunogenicity as well as the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment(TmE)leading to failure of immune *** therapeutic strategies including chemotherapy,radiotherapy,photodynamic,photothermal,magnetic,chemodynamic,sonodynamic and oncolytic therapy,have been developed to induce immunogenic cell death(ICD)of cancer cells and thereby elicit immunogenicity and boost the antitumor immune ***,many challenges hamper the clinical application of ICD inducers resulting in modest immunogenic ***,we outline the current state of using nanomedicines for boosting ICD of cancer ***,synergistic approaches used in combination with ICD inducing nanomedicines for remodeling the TmE via targeting immune checkpoints,phagocytosis,macrophage polarization,tumor hypoxia,autophagy and stromal modulation to enhance immunogenicity of dying cancer cells were *** further highlight the emerging trends of using nanomaterials for triggering amplified ICD-mediated antitumor immune *** reticulum localized ICD,focused ultrasound hyperthermia,cell membrane camouflaged nanomedicines,amplified reactive oxygen species(ROS)generation,metallo-immunotherapy,ion modulators and engineered bacteria are among the most innovative *** challenges,merits and demerits of ICD inducer nanomedicines were also discussed with shedding light on the future role of this technology in improving the outcomes of cancer immunotherapy.

关键词： Immunogenic cell death Immunogenic eradication Nanomedicines Drug delivery Cancer immunotherapy Antitumor immunity T cells Tumor associated antigens Synergistic immune response

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Colorful facial markings are associated with foraging rates and affiliative relationships in a wild group-living cichlid fish

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Current Zoology 2024年第1期70卷 70-78页

作者： Brett m.Culbert James B.Barnett Isaac Y.ligocki matthew G.Salena marian Y.l.Wong Ian m.Hamilton Sigal Balshine Department of Integrative Biology University of GuelphGuelphOntarioCanada Department of Psychology Neuroscience&BehaviourMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada Department of Evolution Ecologyand Organismal BiologyThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA Department of Biology Millersville UniversityMillersvillePAUSA School of Earth Atmospheric and Life SciencesUniversity of WollongongWollongongNew South WalesAustralia Department of mathematics The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA

many animals use color to signal their quality and/or behavioral *** signals have been well studied in the contexts of competi-tion and mate choice;however,the role of these signals in nonsexual,affiliative relationships is not as well ***,we used wild social groups of the cichlid fish Neolamprologus pulcher to investigate whether the size of a brightly colored facial patch was related to 1)individual quality,2)social dominance,and/or 3)affiliative *** with larger patches spent more time foraging and tended to perform more aggressive acts against conspecific territory *** did not find any evidence that the size of these yellow patches was related to social rank or body size,but dominant males tended to have larger patches than dominant ***,patch size had a rank-specific relationship with the number of affiliative interactions that individuals engaged *** males with large patches received fewer affiliative acts from their groupmates compared to dominant males with small ***,subordinates with large patches tended to receive more affiliative acts from their groupmates while performing fewer affiliative acts *** together,our results suggest that patch size reflects interindividual variation in foraging effort in this cichlid fish and offer some of the first evidence that colorful signals may shape affiliative relationships withinwildsocialgroups.

关键词： affiliation foraging lake Tanganyika Neolamprologus pulcher visual signals

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In vivo measurement of NADH fluorescence lifetime in skeletal muscle via -ber-coupled time-correlated single photon counting

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Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 2024年第1期17卷 121-134页

作者： Kathryn m.Priest Jacob V.Schluns Nathania Nischal Colton l.Gattis Jeffrey C.Wolchok Timothy J.muldoon Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Arkansas FayettevilleARUSA

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(NADH)is a cofactor that serves to shuttle electrons during metabolic processes such as glycolysis,the tricarboxylic acid cycle,and oxidative phosphorylation(OXPHOS).NADH is autofluorescent,and itsfluorescence lifetime can be used to infer metabolic dynamics in living ***-coupled time-correlated single photon counting(TCSPC)equipped with an implantable needle probe can be used to measure NADH lifetime in vivo,enabling investigation of changing metabolic demand during muscle contraction or tissue *** study illustrates a proof of concept for point-based,minimally-invasive NADHfluorescence lifetime measurement in *** muscle loss(Vml)injuries were created in the left tibialis anterior(TA)muscle of male Sprague Dawley *** lifetime measurements were collected before,during,and after a 30 s tetanic contraction in the injured and uninjured TA muscles,which was subsequently-t to a biexponential decay model to yield a metric of NADH utilization(cytoplasmic vs protein-bound NADH,the A11/A22 ratio).On average,this ratio was higher during and after contraction in uninjured muscle compared to muscle at rest,suggesting higher levels of free NADH in contracting and recovering muscle,indicating increased rates of *** injured muscle,this ratio was higher than uninjured muscle overall but decreased over time,which is consistent with current knowledge of inflammatory response to injury,suggesting tissue regeneration has *** data suggest that-ber-coupled TCSPC has the potential to measure changes in NADH binding in vivo in a minimally invasive manner that requires further investigation.

关键词： Glycolysis oxidative phosphorylation energy metabolism volumetric muscle loss

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Impact of device resistances in the performance of graphene‑based terahertz photodetectors

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Frontiers of Optoelectronics 2024年第2期17卷 87-97页

作者： O.Castelló Sofía m.lópez Baptista K.Watanabe T.Taniguchi E.Diez J.E.Velázquez-Pérez Y.m.meziani J.m.Caridad J.A.Delgado-Notario Department of Applied Physics University of Salamanca37008 SalamancaSpain Unidad de Excelencia en luz y materia Estructurada(lUmES) University of Salamanca37008 SalamancaSpain Research Center for Electronic and Optical materials National Institute for Materials Science1-1 NamikiTsukuba 305-0044Japan Research Center for materials Nanoarchitectonics National Institute for Materials Science1-1 NamikiTsukuba 305-0044Japan Nanotechnology Group USAL-NanolabUniversity of Salamanca37008 SalamancaSpain

In recent years,graphene field-effect-transistors(GFETs)have demonstrated an outstanding potential for terahertz(THz)photodetection due to their fast response and *** features are essential to enable emerging THz applications,including 6G wireless communications,quantum information,bioimaging and ***,the overall performance of these photodetectors may be utterly compromised by the impact of internal resistances presented in the device,so-called access or parasitic *** this work,we provide a detailed study of the influence of internal device resistances in the photoresponse of high-mobility dual-gate GFET *** dual-gate architectures allow us to fine tune(decrease)the internal resistance of the device by an order of magnitude and consequently demonstrate an improved responsivity and noise-equivalent-power values of the photodetector,*** results can be well understood by a series resistance model,as shown by the excellent agreement found between the experimental data and theoretical *** findings are therefore relevant to understand and improve the overall performance of existing high-mobility graphene photodetectors.

关键词： Graphene THz Photodetector Field-effect transistor Plasmonic

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A Pooling method Developed for Use in Convolutional Neural Networks

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Computer modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第10期141卷 751-770页

作者： Ìsmail Akgül Departmant of Computer Engineering Faculty of Engineering and ArchitectureErzincan Binali Yıldırım UniversityErzincan24002Turkiye

In convolutional neural networks,pooling methods are used to reduce both the size of the data and the number of parameters after the convolution of the *** methods reduce the computational amount of convolutional neural networks,making the neural network more *** pooling,average pooling,and minimum pooling methods are generally used in convolutional neural ***,these pooling methods are not suitable for all datasets used in neural network *** this study,a new pooling approach to the literature is proposed to increase the efficiency and success rates of convolutional neural *** method,which we call mAm(maximum Average minimum)pooling,is more interactive than other traditional maximum pooling,average pooling,and minimum pooling methods and reduces data loss by calculating the more appropriate pixel *** proposed mAm pooling method increases the performance of the neural network by calculating the optimal value during the training of convolutional neural *** determine the success accuracy of the proposed mAm pooling method and compare it with other traditional pooling methods,training was carried out on the leNet-5 model using CIFAR-10,CIFAR-100,and mNIST *** to the results obtained,the proposed mAm pooling method performed better than the maximum pooling,average pooling,and minimum pooling methods in all pool sizes on three different datasets.

关键词： Pooling convolutional neural networks deep learning

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Feeding behavior and hormoligosis associated with imidacloprid resistance in Asian citrus psyllid,Diaphorina citri

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Insect Science 2024年第4期31卷 1211-1221页

作者： Xue Dong Chen Justin George lauren m.Diepenbrock Hunter Gossett Guoping liu Jawwad A.Qureshi lukasz l.Stelinski Entomology and Nematology Department University of FloridaCitrus Research and Education CenterLake AlfredFloridaUSA Southern Insect management Research Unit USDA-ARSStonevilleMississippiUSA Entomology and Nematology Department University of FloridaSouthwest Florida Research and Education CenterImmokaleeFloridaUSA

Imidacloprid is a neonicotinoid insecticide used for managing the Asian citrus psyllid,Diaphorina citri Kuwayama,which serves as vector of phytopathogens causing citrus ***,development of resistance to neonicotinoids among populations of *** has coincided with occasional control failures in the *** objectives of this research were to(1)survey current levels of imidacloprid resistance in Florida citrus;(2)compare feeding behavior between imidacloprid-resistant and susceptible *** using electrical penetration graph recordings,and(3)investigate the possible amplification of insecticide hormoligosis associated with *** surveys confirmed that the susceptibility of *** populations to imidacloprid has decreased in commercial Florida citrus groves compared with a laboratory-susceptible *** 12 generations of selection,resistance to imidacloprid increased by 438 fold compared with the susceptible ***-susceptible *** feeding on citrus exhibited significantly more bouts associated with intercellular pathway(C),phloem penetration(D),phloem salivation(E1),and nonprobing(Np)activities than imidacloprid-resistant ***,there were no differences observed in the frequency or duration of phloem ingestion or xylem feeding between susceptible and resistant *** was no statistical difference in fecundity between resistant and susceptible ***,the fecundity of imidacloprid-susceptible female *** treated with a sublethal concentration of imidacloprid(lC_(25))increased significantly compared with controls,while such hormoligosis was less pronounced among imidacloprid-resistant *** results suggest that imidacloprid-resistant psyllids may cease feeding sooner than susceptible counterparts following sublethal exposure to this insecticide,indicative of a behavioral resistance mechanism.

关键词： artificial selection electrical penetration graph feeding behavior hormoligosis insecticide resistance sublethal exposure

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Utilization of RNA sequencing to investigate olfactory dysfunction in chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps:A pilot study

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2024年第1期10卷 29-36页

作者： Jorge A.Gutierrez III Jeremy l.Barth Rodney J.Schlosser Thomas S.Edwards Timothy l.Smith Zachary m.Soler Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Medical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA Department of Regenerative medicine&Cell Biology Medical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Oregon Health&Science UniversityPortlandOregonUSA

Objectives:Prior research on olfactory dysfunction in chronic rhinosinusitis(CRS)has focused on patients with polyps and suggests that direct inflammation of the olfactory cleft mucosa plays a contributory *** purpose of this study was to evaluate gene expression in superior turbinate mucosal specimens,comparing normosmic and dysosmic CRS patients without polyps(CRSsNP).methods:Tissue samples were obtained from the superior turbinates of patients with CRSsNP at the time of endoscopic sinus *** subsequently underwent RNA sequencing and functional analysis to investigate biological pathways associated with differentially expressed genes between dysosmic(n=7)and normosmic(n=4)***:Differential gene expression analysis comparing dysosmic and normosmic CRSsNP patients showed upregulation of 563 genes and downregulation of 327 *** stringent criteria for multiple comparisons,one upregulated gene(Immediate Early Response 3[IER3])had an false discovery rate(FDR)correction adjustedP value considered statistically significant(Pld change 2.69).Reactome functional analysis revealed eight biological pathways significantly different between dysosmic and normosmic patients(Pluding Il-4 and Il-13 signaling,Il-10 signaling,and rhodopsin-like ***:RNA sequencing of the superior turbinates in patients with CRSsNP can provide valuable information regarding biological pathways and genes involved in olfactory *** study supports literature suggesting that Type 2 inflammation may play a role in olfactory dysfunction in at least some patients with *** study also prompts questions regarding the role of Il-10,rhodopsin-like receptors,andIER3 in the pathogenesis of olfactory dysfunction.

关键词： chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps olfactory dysfunction RNA sequencing

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