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Effects of of Habitats and Pesticides on Aerobic Capacity and Survival of Soil Fauna

Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2005年第3期18卷 169-175页

作者： G. TRIPATHI B. m. sharma Department of Zoology J. N. Vyas University Jodhpur-342 001 IndiaDepartment of Zoology J. N. Vyas University Jodhpur-342 001 India

Objective Faunal health is largely dependent on their soil environment and available litter quality. So the effects of different soil habitats and pesticides on citrate synthase (CS) activity of soil fauna and its population were studied. methods The soil animals were collected from different pedoecosystems for habitat study. Whereas Vigna radiata based system was selected for pesticidal observations. The field was divided into five equal plots for control and treatment of γ-BHC, quinalphos, carbaryl and cypermethrin. Soil fauna was collected by quadrat method and extracted by Tullgren funnel. Individuals of a species having similar sizes were collected for the estimation of CS activity. They were homogenized and fractions were obtained by differential centrifugation. The activity of CS was assayed spectrophotometrically. Results Citrate synthase (CS) activity of beetle (Rasphytus fregi), woodlouse (Porcellio laevis) and centipede (Scolopendra morsitans) varied significantly with respect to changes in different soil habitats. Though the CS activity of R. fregi, P. laevis, and S. morsitans differed among themselves but the highest activity of CS in these animals was in V. radiata and lowest in A. nilotica based pedoecosystem. The aerobic capacity of centipede was maximum followed by woodlouse and beetle. The treatment of γ-BHC, quinalphos, carbaryl and cypermethrin significantly reduced the CS activity of these animals. γ-BHC showed maximum reduction in CS activity indicating highly toxic effect of organochlorine on aerobic metabolism of soil fauna. However, minimum reduction was observed in response to carbaryl (in beetle) or cypermethrin (in woodlouse/centipede) leading to impairment of aerobic capacity. The differences in pesticide effects might be assigned to the differences in chemical nature of pesticides and their interactions with below-ground fauna. Treatment of γ-BHC and quinalphos reduced the population of Acari, Coleoptera, Collembola, other arthropods as

关键词： Citrate synthase Habitat Pesticide Soil fauna and desert

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Development of Palmprint Verification System Using Biometrics

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软件学报 2006年第8期17卷 1824-1836页

作者： G. Shobha m. Krishna S.C. sharma R.V. College of Engineering Mysore Road Bangalore 560059 India

Palmprint verification system using Biometrics is one of the emerging technologies, which recognizes a person based on the principle lines, wrinkles and ridges on the surface of the palm. These line structures are stable and remain unchanged throughout the life of an individual. more importantly, no two palmprints from different individuals are the same, and normally people do not feel uneasy to have their palmprint images taken for testing. Therefore palmprint recognition offers a promising future for medium-security access control systems. In this paper, a new approach for personal authentication using hand images is discussed. Gray-Scale palm images are captured using a digital camera at a resolution of 640×480. Each of these gray-scale images is aligned and then used to extract palmprint and hand geometry features. These features are then used for authenticating users. The image acquisition setup used here is inherently simple and it does not employ any special illumination nor does it use any pegs that might cause any inconvenience to users. Experimental results show that the designed system achieves an acceptable level of performance.

关键词：灰色图象边缘追踪顶点检测验证系统

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Poplar Plantation as an Agroforestry Approach:Economic Benefits and Its Role in Carbon Sequestration in North India

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Journal of Resources and Ecology 2024年第4期15卷 880-888页

作者： Rajeev JOSHI Bharat sharma Hukum SINGH Nabin DHAKAL Santosh AYER Tek mARASENI College of Natural Resource management Faculty of ForestryAgriculture and Forestry UniversityUdayapurKatari 56310Nepal Sustainable Initiatives for the Community(SIFC) Kathmandu 44600Nepal Forest Research Institute PO New ForestDehradun 248006India Institute for Life Sciences and the Environment University of Southern QueenslandToowoombaQLD 4350Australia

Poplar has gained popularity among farmers of Punjab,Haryana,Western Uttar Pradesh,and the foothills of Uttarakhand and Himachal Pradesh due to their fast growth rate and suitability for industrial uses such as pulp and timber *** poplar trees into agroforestry systems optimizes land resources and economic gains,as successful techniques have been developed to coordinate crop timing and arrangements *** poplar trees with agricultural crops provides additional income streams for farmers and contributes to soil conservation,biodiversity enhancement,and other environmental *** in these regions typically employ effective spacing of 5 m×4 m for block plantation and 1 m×3 m for row *** the present study,a systematic literature review encompassing 137 English-language journal articles was conducted to assess the economic benefits of Poplar using discounted cash flow(DCF)analysis,considering short-rotation poplar(SRC)and very short-rotation poplar(vSRC)plantations alongside annual *** findings revealed that increasing canopy density led to a decline in crop yields by 37%,70%,and 99% at canopy densities of 30%,60%,and 90%,respectively,from early spring to ***-benefit analysis in Saharanpur district,India,indicated average annual net returns of USD 346.36 for Poplar-based agrisilviculture,while monoculture yielded USD 140.73 per ***,economic analysis in Yamunanagar and Haridwar districts showed benefit-cost ratios ranging from 2.35 to ***,Poplar block and boundary plantations were found to sequester significantly more carbon in long-lived biomass,serving as substitutes for fossil fuels(5.45 and 1.84 t ha-1 yr-1)in poplar-based systems with block and boundary *** study suggested expanding spacing between tree rows may mitigate resource competition between plantations and *** study inferred that Poplar-based agroforestry may play a crucial role in climate mit

关键词： agroforestry poplar economic viability carbon sequestration India

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Pathological evaluation of pancreatic exocrine glands in experimental fluorosis

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical medicine 2010年第1期3卷 36-40页

作者： Shashi Aggarwal sharma N Bhardwaj m Department of Zoology Punjabi University

Objective:To monitor the pathological alterations in pancreas of rat during experimental fluorosis. methods:Sixty Sprague Dawley albino rats of both sexes were divided into 12 experimental groups and one control *** rats of control group were administered subcutaneously double distilled water 1 mL/kg bw *** experimental groups were injected with 30,45,and 75 mg NaF/kg bw/*** experimental period was divided into 4 phases at interval of 15,22,30,and 36 *** were sacrificed from each group at the end of 16,23,31,and 37 ***: The following changes were observed in this study:(1) Pathological examination of pancreas after 15 days of fluoride treatment revealed:hypertrophy of acini,leucocytes infilteration and pycnouc nuclei due to necrosis of acini in group 1;uremic alterations,invulsion and infoldings of reticular layer of islets of Langerhans in group 2;and a decrease in number of acini and interlobular connective tissues resulted in an increase in intercellular spaces in pancreas of rats in group 3.(2)Hyalinization and hypertrophy in the lobules of acini and hyperplasia and hypertrophy in intercalated duct with mucinous secretion in pancreas of rat of group 4;squamous metaplasia of pancreatic duct,adenoma of pancreas,hemorrhagic necrosis in group 5;and hyperplasia of acini and reduction in number of pancreatic islets in group 6.(3) Disorganization and atrophy of pancreatic lobules and presence of vacuoles in a group of six were visible in pancreas of rats in group 7;acute pancreatic and lamellated inflammatory cells in test rats of group 8;and islet adenoma and decrease in number of islets cells,and exudation in acini were noticed in experimental rats of group 9.(4) In the last phase of experimentation,atrophic alterations in pancreatic acini,invulsions,and necrosis was prominent in group 10,deep inflammation and proliferation of connective tissue of pancreas in experimental group 11,and periodical fibrosis, hyperplasia of acini,degener

关键词： Acini Albino rat Exocrine gland Experimental fluorosis Pancreas Sodium fluoride

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Effects of combined drug therapy on HIV-1 infection dynamics

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International Journal of Biomathematics 2016年第5期9卷 1-23页

作者： Deepmala Kamboj m. D. sharma mLN College Yamuna Nagar Haryana India Department of mathematics Kurukshetra University India

Infection of human immunodeficiency virus （HIV） is determined through the decay of healthy CD44- T-cells in a well-mixed compartment, such as a bloodstream. A mathe- matical model is considered to illustrate the effects of combined drug therapy, i.e. reverse transcription plus protease inhibitor, on viral growth and T-cell population dynamics. This model is used to explain the existence and stability of infected and uninfected steady states in HIV growth. An analytical technique, called variational iteration method （VIm）, is used to solve the mathematical model. This method is modified to obtain the rapidly convergent successive approximations of the exact solution. These approximations are obtained without any restrictions or the transformations that may change the physical behavior of the problem. Numerical simulations are computed and exhibited to illustrate the effects of proposed drug therapy on the growth or decay of infection.

关键词： HIV infection CD4+ T-cells steady state stability iteration method efficacy.

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microstructures of co-axially folded vein segments and crenulation cleavage： Evidence for dissolution phenomena in the Chamba Thrust Sheet, western Himalayas

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Episodes 2004年第2期27卷 119-124页

作者： B.K.sharma A.m.Bhola DepartmentofGeology UniversityofDelhiDelhi-110007India.

The metasediments in the Chamba region experienced three phases of deformation: DF1, DF2 and *** quartz veins are co-folded with the F2 crenulation folds. Their geometric and tectonic significance is studied by microstructures and shortening adjacent to the discrete crenulation cleavage, S2. microstructures of folded vein segments, their geometric changes and truncation to cleavage (S2) are mainly due to pressure-solution phenomena and the estimated volume loss from reconstructed vein segments range from 16 to 25.5%,which is closely related to volume decrease (26%) calculated from the polydeformed slates of North Wales areas.

关键词：显微结构变质沉积物地质学石英纹理

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Fauna-associated Changes in Chemical and Biochemical Properties of Soil

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2006年第6期19卷 422-426页

作者： G. TRIPATHI B. m. sharma Department of Zoology J. N. V. UniversityJodhpur-342 001India

Objective To study the impacts of abundance of woodlice, termites, and mites on some functional aspects of soil in order to elucidate the specific role of soil fauna in improving soil fertility in desert. methods Fauna-rich sites were selected as experimental sites and adjacent areas were taken as control, Soil samples were collected from both sites. Soil respiration was measured at both sites. The soil samples were sent to laboratory, their chemical and biochemical properties were analyzed. Results Woodlice showed 25% decrease in organic carbon and organic matter as compared to control site. Whereas termites and mites showed 58% and 16% decrease in organic carbon and organic matter. In contrast, available nitrogen （nitrate and ammonical both） and phosphorus exhibited 2-fold and 1.2-fold increase, respectively. Soil respiration and dehydrogenase activity at the sites rich in woodlice, termites and mites produced 2.5-, 3.5- and 2-fold increases, respectively as compared to their control values. Fauna-associated increase in these biological parameters clearly reflected fauna-induced microbial activity in soil. maximum decrease in organic carbon and increase in nitrate-nitrogen and ammonical-nitrogen, available phosphorus, soil respiration and dehydrogenase activity were produced by termites and minimum by mites reflecting termite as an efficient soil improver in desert environment. Conclusion The soil fauna-associated changes in chemical （organic carbon, nitrate-nitrogen, ammonical-nitrogen, phosphorus） and biochemical （soil respiration, dehydrogenase activity） properties of soil improve soil health and help in conservation of desert pedoecosystem.

关键词： Soil fauna Organic carbon Nitrogen Phosphorus Soil respiration Dehydrogenase activity

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Integrated physiological and molecular approaches to improvement of abiotic stress tolerance in two pulse crops of the semi-arid tropics

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The Crop Journal 2018年第2期6卷 99-114页

作者： arbind k.choudhary rafat sultana m.isabel vales kul bhushan saxena ravi ranjan kumar pasala ratnakumar ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region Patna 800 014India Bihar Agricultural University SabourBhagalpur 813 210India Texas A&m University College StationTX 77845USA International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics Patancheru 502 324India National Institute of Abiotic Stress management Baramati 413 115India

Chickpea(Cicer arietinum L.) and pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan L.(millsp.)] play an important role in mitigating protein malnutrition for millions of poor vegetarians living in regions of the semi-arid tropics. Abiotic stresses such as excess and limited soil moisture(water-logging and drought), heat and chilling(high and low temperature stresses), soil salinity, and acidity are major yield constraints, as these two crops are grown mostly under rainfed conditions in risk-prone marginal and degraded lands with few or no inputs. Losses due to such stresses vary from 30% to 100% depending on their severity. The literature abounds in basic information concerning screening techniques, physiological mechanisms, and genetics of traits associated with resistance/tolerance to abiotic stresses in these two crops. However, the final outcome in terms of resistant/tolerant varieties has been far from satisfactory. This situation calls for improving selection efficiency through precise phenotyping and genotyping under high-throughput controlled conditions using modern tools of genomics. In this review, we suggest that an integrated approach combining advances from genetics, physiology, and biotechnology needs to be used for higher precision and efficiency of breeding programs aimed at improving abiotic stress tolerance in both chickpea and pigeonpea.

关键词： Abiotic stresses Chickpea Genomics Genotyping Integrated approach Pigeonpea

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Influence of feeding crimped kernel maize silage on the course of subclinical necrotic enteritis in a broiler disease model

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Animal Nutrition 2017年第4期3卷 392-398页

作者： Nisha sharma Samir Ranjitkar Nishchal K.sharma Ricarda m.Engberg Department of Animal Science Aarhus University School of Environment and Rural Science University of New England

This experiment was carried out with 375 male broilers(Ross 308) from days 1 to 28 to evaluate the influence of crimped kernel maize silage(CKmS) on the manifestation of subclinical necrotic enteritis,microbiota counts, organic acid production and relative weights of gastrointestinal segments. A necrotic enteritis disease model was applied. Birds were allocated into 3 different dietary treatments: a maizebased feed(mBF, control diet), and 2 diets supplemented with 15%(CKmS15) or 30%(CKmS30) of crimped ensiled kernel maize. The disease model involved a 10-time overdose of an attenuated live vaccine against coccidiosis given orally on day 17, followed by oral inoculation of Clostridium perfringens Type A(S48,10~8 to 10~9 bacteria/bird) twice daily on days 18,19, 20 and 21. Scoring of intestinal lesions was performed on days 22, 23, 25 and 28. Ileal and caecal digesta samples were collected for the quantification of selected bacterial groups and organic acids. The results showed that there was no effect of dietary treatments on small intestinal lesion scores(P> 0.05). Lesions scores peaked on days 23 and 25 and decreased again on day 28(P = 0.001). No effect of age on microbiota counts was observed, but feeding of CKmS30 reduced the number of coliforms in ileal contents(P = 0.01). Dietary treatments did not affect organic acid concentrations in ileum and caeca, but there was an effect of age; butyric acid was higher on days 22, 23 and 25 than on day 28(P = 0.04). Acetic acid and propionic acid concentrations in caeca were the highest on days 22 and 28 but the lowest on days 23 and 25. Relative gizzard and caeca weights were increased, and relative ileum weights were decreased when birds were fed CKmS30(P mS in broiler diets had no effects on the course of necrotic enteritis but had potential benefits in terms of inhibition of potentially harmful microorganisms.

关键词： Broiler Challenge model Clostridium perfringens Crimped kernel maize silage Necrotic enteritis

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A Comparative Study on the Corrosion Behaviour of Hard Anodic Coatings on AA 6061 Obtained Using DC and Pulsed DC Power Sources

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Acta metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2013年第6期26卷 647-656页

作者： Franco m. Hari Krishna T. Anju m.Pillai A.Rajendra A.K.sharma Thermal Systems Group ISRO Satellite Centre

The corrosion behaviour of the hard anodic coatings prepared by three different methods viz., conventional hard anodizing （C-HA）, pulse hard anodizing （P-HA） and low voltage room temperature pulse hard anodizing （LVP- HA） on AA 6061 was compared using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy （EIS） and linear polarisation. Scanning electron microscope （SEm） was used to study the surface morphology before and after corrosion. EIS data revealed that no significant difference in corrosion resistance was observed among three types. Rp, Icorr and Ecorr were found to be highly stable over the exposure period up to 72 h which confirms the excellent corrosion resistance. The studies indicate that the corrosion resistance of LVP-HA and P-HA, which are processed at lower voltage and at relatively higher temperatures, are comparable to that of C-HA which is processed at sub-zero temperatures and high operating voltages. The corrosion resistance of all coatings was found to be improved after hydrothermal sealing.

关键词： Aluminium Anodic films EIS Polarisation SEm

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