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Acetylacetone-TiO_(2) Promoted Large Area Compatible Cascade Electron Transport Bilayer for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells

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Energy & Environmental materials 2024年第2期7卷 221-228页

作者： Hyong Joon Lee Jin Kyoung Park Jin Hyuck Heo Sang Hyuk im Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Korea University145 Anam-ro Seongbuk-guSeoul 17104Korea

In designing efficient perovskite solar cells(PSCs),the selection of suitable electron transport layers(ETLs)is critical to the final device performance as they determine the driving force for selective charge ***_(2)nanoparticles(NPs)based ETLs have been a popular choice for PSCs due to superior electron mobility,but their relatively deep-lying conduction band energy levels(ECB)result in substantial potential ***,TiO_(2)NPs establish favorable band alignment owing to shallower ECB,but their low intrinsic mobility and abundant surface trap sites impede the final *** this reason,constructing a cascaded bilayer ETL is highly desirable for efficient PSCs,as it can rearrange energy levels and exploit on advantages of an individual *** this study,we prepare SnO_(2)NPs and acetylacetone-modified TiO_(2)(Acac-TiO_(2))NPs and implement them as bilayer SnO_(2)/Acac-TiO_(2)(BST)ETL,to assemble cascaded energy band ***_(2)contributes to rapid charge carrier transport from high electron mobility while Acac-TiO_(2)minimizes band-offset and effectively suppresses interfacial ***,the optimized BST ETL generates synergistic influence and delivers power conversion efficiency(PCE)as high as 23.14%with open-circuit voltage(V_(oc))reaching 1.14 ***,the BST ETL is transferred to a large scale and the corresponding mini module demonstrates peak performance of 18.39%PCE from 25 cm^(2)aperture ***,the BST-based mini module exhibit excellent stability,maintaining 83.1%of its initial efficiency after 1000 h under simultaneous 1 Sun light-soaking and damp heat(85℃/RH 85%)environment.

关键词： acetylacetone large area perovskite solar cells TiO_(2)

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Solar Driven 15.7% Hydrogen Conversion by Harmony of Light Harvesting,Electron Transporting Bridge,and S-Defection in a Self-Assembled microscale CuS/rGO/CP Photoanode

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Energy & Environmental materials 2024年第3期7卷 190-201页

作者： Sujeong Kim Boseok Seo Hyerim Park Younghwan im Jeong Yeon Do Byung Sub Kwak Namgyu Son minkyu Kim misook Kang Department of Chemistry College of Natural SciencesYeungnam UniversityGyeongsan Gyeongbuk 38541Korea School of Chemical Engineering Yeungnam UniversityGyeongsan Gyeongbuk 38541Korea Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry Graduate School of EngineeringKyoto UniversityKyoto 615-8510Japan Korea Evaluation Institute of Industrial Technology(Keit) Cheomdan-Ro 8-GilDong-GuDaegu 41069Korea Korea Electric Power Research Institute(KEPRI)105 munji-ro Yooseong-guDaejeon 34056Korea

CuS is an encouraging photoelectrode candidate that meets the essential requirements for efficient solar-to-hydrogen production,but it has not been thoroughly studied.A CuS light absorber layer is grown by the self-assembly of copper and sulfur precursors on a carbon paper(CP)***,rGO is introduced as a buffer layer to control the optical and electrical properties of the *** well-ordered microstructural arrangement suppresses the recombination loss of electrons and holes owing to enhanced charge-carrier generation,separation,and *** potential reaching 10 mA cm^(-2)in 1.0 m KOH solution is significantly lowered to 0.87 V,and the photocurrent density at 1.23 V is 94.7 mA cm^(-2).The computational result reveals that the potential-determining step is sensitive to O^(*)stability;the lower stability of O^(*)in the thin layer of CuS/rGO decreases the free-energy gap between the initial and final states of the potential-determining step,resulting in a lowering of the onset *** faradaic efficiency for the photoelectrochemical oxygen evolution reaction in the optimized 2CuS/1rGO/CP photoanode is 98.60%,and the applied bias photon-to-current and the solar-to-hydrogen efficiencies are 11.2%and 15.7%,respectively,and its ultra-high performance is maintained for 250 *** record-breaking achievement indices may be a trigger for establishing a green hydrogen economy.

关键词： 15.7%-solar to hydrogen density functional theory lower photopotential p-CuS/rGO/CP photoanode photoelectrochemical oxygen evolution

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Biomimetic Fe_(7)S_(8)/Carbon electrocatalyst from[FeFe]-Hydrogenase for improving pH-Universal electrocatalytic hydrogen production Special Collection:Aggregation-Induced Processes and Functions

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Aggregate 2024年第1期5卷 451-459页

作者： Dohun Kim Subramani Surendran Sejin im Jaehyoung Lim Kyoungsuk Jin Ki Tae Nam Uk Sim Department of Energy Science&Engineering Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science&Technology(DGIST)DaeguRepublic of Korea Hydrogen Energy Technology Laboratory Korea Institute of Energy Technology(KENTECH)NajuRepublic of Korea Department of Chemistry Korea UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea Department of materials Science and Engineering Seoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea

Efficient and cost-effective electrocatalysts that can operate across a wide range of pH conditions are essential for green hydrogen *** by biological systems,Fe_(7)S_(8)nanoparticles incorporated on polydopamine matrix electrocatalyst were synthesized by co-precipitation and annealing *** resulting Fe_(7)S_(8)/C electrocatalyst possesses a three-dimensional structure and exhibits enhanced electrocatalytic performance for hydrogen production across various pH ***,the Fe_(7)S_(8)/C electrocatalyst demonstrates exceptional activity,achieving low overpotentials of 90.6,45.9,and 107.4 mV in acidic,neutral,and alkaline environments,*** impedance spectroscopy reveals that Fe_(7)S_(8)/C exhibits the lowest charge transfer resistance under neutral conditions,indicating an improved proton-coupled electron transfer ***-wave electron paramagnetic resonance results confirm a change in the valence state of Fe from 3+to 1+during the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER).These findings closely resemble the behavior of natural[FeFe]-hydrogenase,known for its superior hydrogen production in neutral *** remarkable performance of our Fe_(7)S_(8)/C electrocatalyst opens up new possibilities for utilizing bioinspired materials as catalysts for the HER.

关键词： biomimetic electrocatalyst hydrogen production renewable energy

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Bringing gut microbiota into the spotlight of clinical research and medical practice

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2024年第14期12卷 2293-2300页

作者： Efstathia Davoutis Zoi Gkiafi Panagis m Lykoudis School of medicine National and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthens 11527Greece Division of Surgery and Interventional Science University College LondonLondon WC1E 6BTUnited Kingdom

Despite the increasing scientific interest and expanding role of gut microbiota(Gm)in human health,it is rarely reported in case reports and deployed in cli-nical *** and metabolites produced by microbiota contribute to im-mune system development,energy homeostasis and ***-and endoge-nous factors can alter its *** of microbiota,also known as dysbiosis,is associated with various pathological *** bacterial taxa and related metabolites are involved in disease pathogenesis and therefore can serve as a diagnostic *** could also be a useful prognostic factor by predicting future disease onset and preventing hospital-associated ***-ditionally,it can influence response to treatments,including those for cancers,by altering drug bioavailability.A thorough understanding of its function has per-mitted significant development in therapeutics,such as probiotics and fecal ***,Gm should be considered as a ground-breaking biological parameter,and it is advisable to be investigated and reported in literature in a more consistent and systematic way.

关键词： Gut microbiota Biomarker Fecal microbiota transplantation Dysbiosis Prebiotics

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Deciphering the controlling factors for phase transitions in zeolitic imidazolate frameworks

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National Science Review 2024年第4期11卷 151-163页

作者： Tao Du Shanwu Li Sudheer Ganisetti mathieu Bauchy Yuanzheng Yue morten m.Smedskjaer Department of Chemistry and Bioscience Aalborg University Department of mechanical Engineering-Engineering mechanics Michigan Technological University Physics of Amo Rphous and Inorganic Solids Laboratory(PARISlab) Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of CaliforniaLos Angeles

Zeolitic imidazolate frameworks（ZIFs） feature complex phase transitions, including polymorphism,melting, vitrification, and polyamorphism. Experimentally probing their structural evolution during transitions involving amorphous phases is a significant challenge, especially at the medium-range length scale. To overcome this challenge, here we first train a deep learning-based force field to identify the structural characteristics of both crystalline and non-crystalline ZIF phases. This allows us to reproduce the structural evolution trend during the melting of crystals and formation of ZIF glasses at various length scales with an accuracy comparable to that of ab initio molecular dynamics, yet at a much lower computational cost. Based on this approach, we propose a new structural descriptor, namely, the ring orientation index, to capture the propensity for crystallization of ZIF-4(Zn（im）2, im = C3H3N2-) glasses, as well as for the formation of ZIF-zni(Zn（im）2) out of the high-density amorphous phase. This crystal formation process is a result of the reorientation of imidazole rings by sacrificing the order of the structure around the zinc-centered tetrahedra. The outcomes of this work are useful for studying phase transitions in other metal-organic frameworks（mOFs） and may thus guide the development of mOF glasses.

关键词： metal-organic frameworks phase transitions melting glass formation transferable deep learning force field ring orientation

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Assessment of Online Transgender Healthcare Teaching modules for Internal medicine Residents and Fellows

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Open Journal of Internal medicine 2024年第2期14卷 259-268页

作者： Elizabeth m. Lamos rana malek Department of medicine University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore MD USA

Background: Transgender healthcare is not a formal learning requirement in Internal medicine residency or fellowship. The National LGBTQ Task Force appealed to urgently train clinicians on the effective care of transgender patients. Few studies address the successful implementation of transgender healthcare teaching and education in graduate medical education. Purpose: The purpose was to design an online asynchronous curriculum to address the need for improved transgender healthcare education in graduate medical education and assess change in knowledge and comfort in transgender healthcare for residents and fellow learners. methods: A 6-module curriculum was developed using established guidelines and ACGmE competencies as a framework for content. To assess curriculum effectiveness, participants received anonymous pre- and post-curriculum surveys which included a multiple-choice knowledge assessment, Likert scale comfort questions focusing on healthcare skills, and open-ended feedback questions. Results: Twenty-six internal medicine residents and fellows participated in the curriculum (2022-2023). There was a 69% post-survey response rate. Participants improved their gender-affirming knowledge after completing the curriculum (p Conclusion: This online curriculum was successful in increasing knowledge and comfort in transgender care for im residents and fellows. It provides a promising framework to address this gap in curricular content.

关键词： Education Fellow Resident Transgender

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Characterization of bright betatron radiation generated by direct laser acceleration of electrons in plasma of near critical density

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matter and radiation at Extremes 2024年第2期9卷 26-35页

作者： J.Cikhardt m.Gyrdymov S.Zähter P.Tavana m.m.Günther N.Bukharskii N.Borisenko J.Jacoby X.F.Shen A.Pukhov N.E.Andreev O.N.Rosmej Faculty of Electrical Engineering Czech Technical University in Prague16627 Prague 6Czech Republic Goethe University FrankfurtMax-von-Laue-Straße 160438 Frankfurt am MainGermany GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH Planckstraße 164291 DarmstadtGermany Focused Energy GmbH Im Tiefen See 4564293 DarmstadtGermany National Research Nuclear University mEPhI Kashirskoe shosse 31115409 MoscowRussian Federation Lebedev Physical Institute raS Leninskiy Prospekt 53119991 MoscowRussian Federation Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf Universitätsstrasse 1DüsseldorfGermany Joint Institute for High Temperatures RASIzhorskaya st.13Bldg.2125412 MoscowRussian Federation moscow Institute of Physics and Technology Institutskiy Pereulok 9141700 DolgoprudnyRussia

Directed x-rays produced in the interaction of sub-picosecond laser pulses of moderate relativistic intensity with plasma of near-critical density are investigated. Synchrotron-like (betatron) radiation occurs in the process of direct laser acceleration (DLA) of electrons in a relativisticlaser channel when the electrons undergo transverse betatron oscillations in self-generated quasi-static electric and magnetic fields. In anexperiment at the PHELIX laser system, high-current directed beams of DLA electrons with a mean energy ten times higher than the ponderomotive potential and maximum energy up to 100 meV were measured at 10^(19) W/cm^(2)laser intensity. The spectrum of directed x-raysin the range of 5–60 keV was evaluated using two sets of Ross filters placed at 0°and 10°to the laser pulse propagation axis. The differential x-ray absorption method allowed for absolute measurements of the angular-dependent photon fluence. We report 10^(13) photons/sr withenergies >5 keV measured at 0°to the laser axis and a brilliance of 10^(21) photons s^(−1) mm^(−2) mrad−2(0.1%BW)−1. The angular distributionof the emission has an FWHm of 14°–16°. Thanks to the ultra-high photon fluence, point-like radiation source, and ultra-short emissiontime, DLA-based keV backlighters are promising for various applications in high-energy-density research with kilojoule petawatt-class laserfacilities.

关键词： laser acceleration critical

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Low-temperature synthesis of Fe_(2)(moO_(4))_(3) nanosheets: A cathode for sodium ion batteries with kinetics enhancement

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Nano Research 2021年第11期14卷 3977-3987页

作者： Ha Tran Huu N.S.m.Viswanath Ngoc Hung Vu Jong-Won Lee Won Bin im Division of materials Science and Engineering Hanyang University222Wangsimni-roSeongdong-guSeoul04763Republic of Korea School of materials Science and Engineering Chonnam National University77 Yongbong-roBuk-guGwangju61186Republic of Korea Falcuty of Biotechnology Chemistry and Environmental EngineeringPhenikaa UniversityHanoi10000Vietnam A&A Green Phoenix Group Phenikaa Research and Technology Institute(PRATI)167 Hoang NganHanoi10000Vietnam Department of Energy Science and Engineering Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology(DGIST)333 Techno Jungang-daeroHyeonpung-eupDalseonggunDaegu42988Republic of Korea

Sodium ion batteries (SIBs) are alternatives to lithium ion batteries (LIBs), and offer some significant benefits such as cost reduction and a lower environmental impact;however, to compete with LIBs, further research is required to improve the performance of SIBs. In this study, an orthorhombic Na super ionic conductor structural Fe_(2)(moO_(4))_(3) nanosheet with amorphous-crystalline core-shell alignment was synthesized using a facile low-temperature water-vapor-assisted solid-state reaction and applied as a cathode material for SIBs. The obtained material has a well-defined three-dimensional stacking structure, and exhibits a high specific capacity of 87.8 mAh·g^(−1) at a current density of 1 C = 91 mA·g^(−1) after 1,000 cycles, which is due to the considerable contribution of extra surface-related reaction such as the pseudo-capacitive process. This material shows significantly improved cycling and rated behavior as well as enhanced performance under high- and low-temperature conditions, as compared to the same materials prepared by the conventional high-temperature solid-state reaction. This enhancement is explained by the unique morphology in combination with the improved kinetics of the electrochemical reaction due to its lower charge transfer resistance and higher sodium ion conductivity.

关键词： low-temperature synthesis cathode sodium ion batteries kinetics Na+super ionic conductor(NASICON)

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Comparison of invasive methods and two different stool antigen tests for diagnosis of H pylori infection in patients with gastric bleeding

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第26期12卷 4206-4210页

作者： Ebru Demiray zlem Yilmaz Cihat Sarkis müjde Soytürk lkay ■im■ek Department of microbiology and Clinical microbiology Faculty of medicine Dokuz Eylül UniversityInciralti 35340 IzmirTurkey Department of Gastroenterology Faculty of medicine Dokuz Eylül UniversityInciralti 35340 IzmirTurkey

Aim： To compare two different H pylori stool antigen tests as noninvasive diagnostic methods. mETHODS： The study population consisted of 22 upper gastrointestinal system bleeding patients. Urea breath test （UBT）, rapid urease test （RUT） and histopathological examination were applied to all patients. Stool specimens from these patients were examined by rapid STPIP!HpSA and one step simple H pylori antigen cassette test for the detection of Hpylori antigens. RESULTS： For these 22 patients, 15 （68.2%） were diagnosed as positive and seven （31.8%） were diagnosed negative for H pylori infection by the gold standard methods. Whereas 10 （45.5%） were positive and 12 （54.5%） were diagnosed negative by the rapid STPIP!HpSA test. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were 60%, 86%, 90% and 50%, respectively. When compared to the gold standard methods, these differences were not significant. However, six patients （27.3%） were positive, and 16 （72.7%） were negative by the simple H pylori stool antigen cassette test. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were 33%, 86%, 83% and 38%, respectively. Compared to the gold standard methods, the simple H pylori stool antigen cassette test results were significantly different （P = 0.012）. CONCLUSION： rapid STRIP!HpSA test could be used as a routine diagnostic tool in the microbiology laboratory for assessing clinical significance and eradication control of H pylori in upper gastrointestinal system bleeding patients.

关键词： H pylori Stool antigen test rapid STRIP!HpSA Simple Hpylori antigen cassette test

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CTGF, intestinal stellate cells and carcinoid fi brogenesis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第39期13卷 5208-5216页

作者： m Kidd im modlin mD Shapiro RL Camp Sm mane W Usinger JR murren Departments of Surgery Yale University School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut 06520-8062 United States Departments of Pathology Yale University School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut 06520-8062 United States Departments of Affymetrix Resource Keck Biotechnology Resource Laboratory Yale University School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut 06520-8062 United States Fibrogen Inc San Francisco CA United States Departments of medical Oncology Yale University School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut 06520-8062 United States

Aim： To investigate the role of small intestinal carcinoid tumor-derived fibrotic mediators, TGFβ1 and CTGF, in the mediation of fibrosis via activation of an ＂intestinal＂ stellate cell. mETHODS： GI carcinoid tumors were collected for Q RT-PCR analysis of CTGF and TGFβ1. markers of stellate cell desmoplasia were identified in peritoneal fibrosis by immunohistochemistry and stellate cells cultured from fresh resected fibrotic tissue. CTGF and TGFβ1 were evaluated using quantitative tissue array profiling （AQUA analysis） in a GI carcinoid tissue microarray （TmA） with immunostaining and correlated with clinical and histologically documented fibrosis. Serum CTGF was analyzed using a sandwich ELISA assay. RESULTS： message levels of both CTGF and TGFβ1 in SI carcinoid tumors were significantly increased （〉 2-fold, P 〈 0.05） versus normal mucosa and gastric （non-fibrotic） carcinoids. Activated stellate cells and markers of stellate cell-mediated fibrosis （vimentin, desmin） were identified in histological fibrosis. An intestinal stellate cell was immunocytochemically and biochemically characterized and its TGFβ1 （10-7m） initiated CTGF transcription response （〉 3-fold, P 〈 0.05） demonstrated. In SI carcinoid tumor patients with documented fibrosis, TmA analysis demonstrated higher CTGF immunostaining （AQUA Score： 92 ± 8, P 〈0.05）, as well as elevated TGFβ1 （90.6 ± 4.4, P 〈 0.05）. Plasma CTGF （normal 12.5 ± 2.6 ng/mL） was increased in SI carcinoid tumor patients （31 ± 10 ng/mL, P 〈 0.05） compared to non-fibrotic GI carcinoids （〈 15 ng/mL） CONCLUSION： SI carcinoid tumor fibrosis is a CTGF/ TGFβl-mediated stellate cell-driven fibrotic response. The delineation of the biology of fibrosis will facilitate diagnosis and enable development of agents to obviate its local and systemic complications.

关键词： Carcinoid Connective tissue growth factor fibrosis Small intestine Stellate cell TGFI

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