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Long-term outcome and prognostic factors of patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第9期13卷 1422-1426页

作者： Andreas Weber Sonja Landrock Jochen Schneider manfred Stangl Bruno Neu Peter Born m.inhard classen Thomas Rsch Roland m Schmid Christian Prinz Department of Internal medicine Ⅱ Technical University of Munich Germany Department of Surgery Technical University of Munich Germany Department of Internal medicine Rudolf Virchow Klinikum Charite Berlin Germany

AIm： To evaluate the long-term outcome and prognostic factors of patients with hilar cholangiocarinoma. mETHODS： Ninety-six consecutive patients underwent treatment for malignant hilar bile duct tumors during 1995-2005. Of the 96 patients, 20 were initially treated with surgery （n = 2 R0 / n = 18 R1）. In non-operated patients, data analysis was performed retrospectively. RESULTS： Among the 96 patients, 76 were treated with endoscopic transpapillary （ERC, n = 45） and/or percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage （PTBD, n = 31）. The mean survival time of these 76 patients undergoing palliative endoscopic and/or percutaneous drainage was 359 ± 296 d. The mean survival time of patients with initial bilirubin levels 〉 10 mg/dL was significantly lower （P 〈 0.001） than patients with bilirubin levels 〈 10 mg/dL. The mean survival time of patients with Bismuth stage Ⅱ （n = 8）, Ⅲ （n = 28） and Ⅳ （n = 40） was 496 =1= 300 d, 441 ± 385 d and 274 ± 218 d, respectively. Thus, patients with advanced Bismuth stage showed a reduced mean survival time, but the difference was not significant. The type of biliary drainage had no significant benefidal effect on the mean survival time （ERC vs PTBD, P = 0.806）. CONCLUSION： Initial bilirubin level is a significant prognostic factor for survival of patients. In contrast, age, tumor stage according to the Bismuth-Corlette classification, and types of intervention are not significant prognostic parameters for survival. Palliative treatment with endoscopic or percutaneous biliary drainage is still suboptimal, new diagnostic and therapeutic tools need to be evaluated.

关键词： Klatskin tumor Cholangiocarcinoma Bilirubin Prognostic factors Endoscopic therapy Operative therapy Survival Bismuth stage

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Development of an in vitro protein digestibility assay mimicking the chicken digestive tract

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Animal Nutrition 2018年第4期4卷 401-409页

作者： Dervan D.S.L.Bryan Dawn A.Abbott Henry L.classen Department of Animal and Poultry Science University of Saskatchewan

It is difficult to obtain in vivo digestion kinetics data of high protein ingredients using chickens. Collecting kinetics data requires repeated sampling of digesta from the small intestine during the digestion process,which is not easily accomplished due to the anatomical structure of chicken digestive tract. An in vitro technique is proposed for measuring the digestion kinetics of protein sources fed to chickens. The method has a 30 min gastric and 3 h intestinal phase. Five hundred milligram crude protein(CP)equivalent of each meal sample(CP = % N × 6.25) was digested with pepsin(28,260 units) in 50 m L polyethylene centrifuge tubes for 30 min in a shaking water bath(150 strokes/min; 30 mm stroke length)at 41C. The 6.5 mL pancreatin was selected as the enzyme concentration for the intestinal phase, during which time 500 m L aliquots were collected at 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180 and 240 min. Samples were diluted 1:820 with HCl and sodium acetate buffer, and then mixed with ninhydrin reagent(2:1) at100 ± 2C for 15 min and spectrometric readings taken at 568 nm. To validate the assay, 5 replications of soybean meal(SBm), corn gluten meal(CGm), corn distillers dried grains with solubles(CDDGS), porcine meal(PCm), fish meal(Fm) and casein(CA) were digested. The digestion data were modeled with PROC NLIN procedure, and the intra coefficient of variation(CV) assessed using PROC mEANS of SAS 9.4. The digestion values at 180 min were SBm 95 ± 4, Fm 93 ± 3, PCm 68 ± 4, CGm 82 ± 3 and CDDGS 70 ± *** CV for SBm, CGm, CDDGS, PCm and Fm were 5%, 5%, 12%, 10% and 2%, respectively. The estimated fractional digestion rates for SBm, CGm, CDDGS, Fm and PCm were 0.023, 0.013, 0.009, 0.024 and 0.013,respectively. In conclusion, the proposed in vitro technique estimated the rate and extent of the digestion of CP for the meals with low intra CV.

关键词： Protein digestion rate Soybean meal Corn gluten meal Corn distillers dried grains with solubles Fish meal Porcine meal

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Investigating drivers of microbial activity and respiration in a forested bog

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Pedosphere 2020年第1期30卷 135-145页

作者： Kenna E.REWCASTLE Jessica A.m.mOORE Jeremiah A.HENNING melanie A.mAYES Courtney m.PATTERSON Gangsheng WANG Daniel B.mETCALFE Aimée T.classen Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources University of VermontBurlington VT 05405(USA) Ecology&Evolutionary Biology University of TennesseeKnoxville TN 37996(USA) The Gund Institute for Environment University of VermontBurlington VT 05405(USA) Department of Biology University of South AlabamaMobile AL 36688(USA) Climate Change Science Institute and Environmental Sciences Division Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak Ridge TN 37830(USA) Institute for Environmental Genomics&Department of microbiology and Plant Biology University of OklahomaNorman OK 73019(USA) The Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science Lund UniversityLund 22362(Sweden)

Northern peatlands store nearly one-third of terrestrial carbon(C)stocks while covering only 3%of the global landmass;nevertheless,the drivers of C cycling in these often-waterlogged ecosystems are different from those that control C dynamics in upland forested *** explore how multiple abiotic and biotic characteristics of bogs interact to shape microbial activity in a northern,forested bog,we added a labile C tracer(13C-labeled starch)to in situ peat mesocosms and correlated heterotrophic respiration with natural variation in several microbial predictor variables,such as enzyme activity and microbial biomass,as well as with a suite of abiotic variables and proximity to vascular plants *** found that peat moisture content was positively correlated with respiration and microbial activity,even when moisture levels exceeded total saturation,suggesting that access to organic matter substrates in drier environments may be limiting for microbial *** to black spruce trees decreased total and labile heterotrophic *** negative relationship may reflect the influence of tree evapotranspiration and peat shading effects;i.e.,microbial activity may decline as peat dries and cools near ***,we isolated the response of heterotrophic respiration to explore the variation in,and interactions among,multiple abiotic and biotic drivers that influence microbial *** approach allowed us to reveal the relative influence of individual drivers on C respiration in these globally important C sinks.

关键词： carbon cycling enzyme activity heterotrophic respiration labile carbon respiration ombrotrophic bog peat moisture plant proximity soil carbon sink

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Variation in the methods leads to variation in the interpretation of biodiversity-ecosystem multifunctionality relationships

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2020年第4期13卷 431-441页

作者： Xin Jing Case m.Prager Aimée T.classen Fernando T.maestre Jin-Sheng He Nathan J.Sanders Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources University of VermontBurlingtonVT 05405USA Gund Institute for Environment University of VermontBurlingtonVT 05405USA Center for macroecology Evolutionand ClimateNatural History Museum of DenmarkCopenhagenDenmark Departamento de Biología GeologíaFísica y Química InorgánicaEscuela Superior de Ciencias Experimentales y TecnologíaUniversidad Rey Juan CarlosMóstoles 28933Spain Departamento de Ecología and Instituto multidisciplinar para el Estudio del medio“Ramon margalef” Universidad de AlicanteAlicanteSpain Department of Ecology College of Urban and Environmental SciencesPeking UniversityBeijingChina Environmental Program Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural ResourcesUniversity of VermontBurlingtonVT 05405USA Present address:Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences KU LeuvenCelestijnenlaan 200E3001 LeuvenBelgium

Aims Biodiversity is often positively related to the capacity of an ecosystem to provide multiple functions simultaneously(***).However,there is some controversy over whether biodiversity–multifunctionality relationships depend on the number of functions ***,investigators have documented contrasting findings that the effects of biodiversity on ecosystem multifunctionality do not change or increase with the number of ecosystem ***,we provide some clarity on this issue by examining the statistical underpinnings of different multifunctionality *** We used simulations and data from a variety of empirical studies conducted across spatial scales(from local to global)and biomes(temperate and alpine grasslands,forests and drylands).We revisited three methods to quantify multifunctionality including the averaging approach,summing approach and threshold-based *** Findings Biodiversity–multifunctionality relationships either did not change or increased as more functions were *** results were best explained by the statistical underpinnings of the averaging and summing multifunctionality ***,by averaging the individual ecosystem functions,the biodiversity–multifunctionality relationships equal the population mean of biodiversity-single function relationships,and thus will not change with the number of ***,by summing the individual ecosystem functions,the strength of biodiversity–multifunctionality relationships increases as the number of functions *** proposed a scaling standardization method by converting the averaging or summing metrics into a scaling metric,which would make comparisons among different biodiversity *** addition,we showed that the range-relevant standardization can be applied to the threshold-based approach by solving for the mathematical artefact of the approach(*** effects of biodiversity may artificially increase with

关键词： averaging approach biodiversity ecosystem multifunctionality multiple threshold approach plant species richness spatial scale

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Responses of an old-field plant community to interacting factors of elevated[CO_(2)],warming,and soil moisture

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2009年第1期2卷 1-11页

作者： E.Cayenne Engel Jake F.Weltzin Richard J.Norby Aimee T.classen Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Tennessee569 Dabney HallKnoxvilleTN 37996-1610USA Environmental Sciences Division Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOne Bethel Valley RoadBuilding 1062Oak RidgeTN 37831-6422USA Present address:USA National Phenology Network National Coordinating Office1955 East 6th StreetTucsonAZ 85721USA

Aims The direct effects of atmospheric and climatic change factors—atmospheric[CO_(2)],air temperature and changes in precipitation—can shape plant community composition and alter ecosystem *** is essential to understand how these factors interact to make better predictions about how ecosystems may respond to *** investigated the direct and interactive effects of[CO_(2)],warming and altered soil moisture in open-top chambers(OTCs)enclosing a constructed old-field community to test how these factors shape plant *** and methods The experimental facility in Oak Ridge,TN,USA,made use of 4-m diameter OTCs and rain shelters to manipulate[CO_(2)](ambient,ambient+300 ppm),air temperature(ambient,ambient+3.5C)and soil moisture(wet,dry).The plant communities within the chambers comprised seven common old-field species,including grasses,forbs and *** tracked foliar cover for each species and calculated community richness,evenness and diversity from 2003 to *** findings This work resulted in three main findings:(1)warming had speciesspecific effects on foliar cover that varied through time and were altered by soil moisture treatments;(2)[CO_(2)]had little effect on individual species or the community;(3)diversity,evenness and richness were influenced most by soil moisture,primarily reflecting the response of one dominant *** conclude that individualistic species responses to atmospheric and climatic change can alter community composition and that plant populations and communities should be considered as part of analyses of terrestrial ecosystem response to climate ***,prediction of plant community responses may be difficult given interactions between factors and changes in response through time.

关键词： climate change foliar cover multi-factor interactions diversity richness

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Spatiotemporal Variations of Bioaerosols in the Vicinity of an Animal Feeding Operation Facility in the US

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2015年第6期6卷 614-627页

作者： Di Hu Lingjuan Wang-Li Otto D. Simmons III John J. classen Jason A. Osborne Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering North Carolina State University Raleigh NC USA Department of Statistics North Carolina State University Raleigh NC USA

Bioaerosol emissions from animal feeding operation (AFO) facilities are of increasing interest due to the magnitude of the emissions and their potential health effect on local communities. There is limited information about fate and transport of AFO bioaerosol emissions. In this study, concentrations of airborne bacteria and fungi were measured at four ambient stations in four wind directions surrounding an egg production farm through winter, spring and summer using Andersen six-stage samplers. mean concentrations of ambient bacteria and fungi ranged from 8.7 × 102 CFU m-3 to 1.3 × 103 CFU m-3 and from 2.8 × 102 CFU m-3 to 1.4 × 103 CFU m-3, respectively. Ambient bacterial concentrations were not significantly different over the seasons, while ambient fungal concentrations were the highest in summer and the lowest in winter. There were significant differences between downwind and upwind bacterial concentrations (p mbined effects of wind speed and direction) and emission rate, were positively correlated with temperature, and were negatively correlated with solar radiation. Fungal concentrations were positively correlated with temperature, RH, and emission rate, and were negatively correlated with wind vector.

关键词： Animal Feeding Operation Bioaerosol Bacteria Fungi Temproal Variation Spatial Variation

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胃食管返流性疾病诊断、发病机制及各期治疗

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德国医学 1999年第3期16卷 138-141页

作者： A.meining m.classen 彭小楚王天才 Ⅱ.medizinische Klinik Klinikum rechts der IsarIsmaningerstr.22D-81675 MünchenGermany 襄樊市护士学校同济医科大学附属同济医院

诊断与分级内窥镜检术返流性食管炎及其并发症的准确诊断、分级唯在内窥镜检术才有可能,其不仅能观察到食管炎的标志,如裂孔疝,亦能直接观察到食管上皮的炎性改变。此外,内窥镜尚可用于止血或返流性狭窄的扩张。

关键词：胃食管返流诊断发病机制治疗

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上消化道的防癌措施

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德国医学 1999年第3期16卷 141-143页

作者： C.Lersch m.classen 王天才 Ⅱ.medizinische Klinik und Polikinik der Technischen Universitt Klinikum rechts der IsarIsmaninger Str.22D-81675 MünchenGermany 同济医科大学附属同济医院

所谓癌预防即排除有关的危险因素,如酒精、尼古丁、食物内的致癌物质等或摄入保护性因素,如维生素E、β-葫萝卜素或阿斯匹林。另外癌肿的预防还表示尽早识别上消化道的危险状况和病变,并通过对其进行治疗以阻止侵入性肿瘤的发生。这主... 详细信息

所谓癌预防即排除有关的危险因素,如酒精、尼古丁、食物内的致癌物质等或摄入保护性因素,如维生素E、β-葫萝卜素或阿斯匹林。另外癌肿的预防还表示尽早识别上消化道的危险状况和病变,并通过对其进行治疗以阻止侵入性肿瘤的发生。这主要是指食管癌和胃癌,而不是指小肠癌(十二指肠除外)、胰腺癌和胆管癌。这类癌肿因临床症状少,多发现过晚。

关键词：上消化道肿瘤预防癌前病变

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细菌性脑膜脑炎个案报道及鉴别诊断

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德国医学 1999年第3期16卷 151-153页

作者： W.Huber m.Seige H.Stimmer K.Kamereck U.Schweigart m.classen 彭小楚 Ⅱ medizinische Klinik Klinikum Rechts der Isar der Technischen UniversittStation 2/11Ismaninger str.22D-61657 MünchenGennany. 湖北省襄樊市护士学校

一例51岁的女性患者4天来因每日反复发作呕吐、与体位及运动有关的眩晕、轻微头痛及至38℃的低热被疑及胃肠道感染收院。除因左侧乳腺癌曾行胸部手术并予1990年及1992年作过假体置入外,其它病史不明显。3个月前进行的有关妇科对照检查... 详细信息

一例51岁的女性患者4天来因每日反复发作呕吐、与体位及运动有关的眩晕、轻微头痛及至38℃的低热被疑及胃肠道感染收院。除因左侧乳腺癌曾行胸部手术并予1990年及1992年作过假体置入外,其它病史不明显。3个月前进行的有关妇科对照检查亦无明显异常,患者否认国外旅居及不洁饮食史。

关键词：脑膜脑炎细菌性诊断鉴别诊断

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Connective tissue growth factor reacts as an IL-6/STAT3-regulated hepatic negative acute phase protein

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2011年第2期17卷 151-163页

作者： Olav A Gressner Ieva Peredniene Axel m Gressner Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry Central LaboratoryRWTH-University Hospital Wisplinghoff medical Laboratories Classen-Kappelmann-Str.2450931 CologneGermany Synlab Lab Services Gubener Str.3986156 AugsburgGermany

AIm:To investigate the mechanisms involved in a possible modulator role of interleukin(IL) -6 signalling on CYR61-CTGF-NOV(CCN) 2/connective tissue growth factor(CTGF) expression in hepatocytes(PC) and to look for a relation between serum concentrations of these two parameters in patients with acute inflammation. mETHODS:Expression of CCN2/CTGF,p-STAT3,p-Smad 3/1 and p-Smad2 was examined in primary freshly isolated rat or cryo-preserved human PC exposed to various stimuli by Western blotting,electrophoretic mobility shift assay(EmSA) ,reporter-gene-assays and reversetranscriptase polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS:IL-6 strongly down-regulated CCN2/CTGF protein and mRNA expression in PC,enhanceable by extracellular presence of the soluble IL-6 receptor gp80,and supported by an inverse relation between IL-6 and CCN2/CTGF concentrations in patients'*** inhi-bition of TGFβ1 driven CCN2/CTGF expression by IL-6 did not involve a modulation of Smad2(and Smad1/3) ***,the STAT3 SH2 domain binding peptide,a selective inhibitor of STAT3 DNA binding activity,counteracted the inhibitory effect of IL-6 on CCN2/CTGF expression much more pronounced than pyrrolidine-dithiocarbamate,an inhibitor primarily of STAT3 *** EmSA confirmed STAT3 binding to the proposed proximal STAT binding site in the CCN2/CTGF promoter. CONCLUSION:CCN2/CTGF is identified as a hepatocellular negative acute phase protein which is downregulated by IL-6 via the STAT3 pathway through interaction on the DNA binding level.

关键词： Hepatocytes Interleukin-6 Connective tissue growth factor STAT3 Liver fibrosis Acute phase reaction

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