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Current status of mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in China

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第1期20卷 1-4页

作者： Chao Yan Guan-hua Xue Han-Qing Zhao Yan-Ling Feng Jing-hua Cui Jing Yuan Department of Bacteriology Capital Institute of PediatricsNo.2Yabao RoadBeijing 100020People's Republicof China

mycoplasma pneumoniae(m.pneumoniae)is one of the most important pathogens for community-acquired pneumonia worldwide,especially in children and adolescents[1,2].m.pneumoniae is easily transmitted through droplets or direct contact in densely populated,enclosed,or poorly ventilated environments.The incubation period is 1-3 weeks,and it is contagious from the incubation period to a few weeks after clinical symptom relief.m.pneumoniae infection can occur in any season,and there are differences in the epidemic seasons among regions in China[3].The most suitable culture temperature for m.pneumoniae is between 35℃C and 37 C,and therefore,hot weather may make it survive longer in the environment and spread further.infection is more common in autumn and winter in northern China,while it is more prevalent in summer and autumn in southern China.

关键词： winter weather autumn

PDOL-Based Solid Electrolyte Toward Practical Application:Opportunities and Challenges

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Nano-micro Letters 2024年第7期16卷 109-141页

作者： hua Yang maoxiang Jing Li Wang Hong Xu Xiaohong Yan Xiangming He institute for Advanced materials School of Materials Science and EngineeringJiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013People’s Republic of China institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084People’s Republic of China

Polymer solid-state lithium batteries(SSLB)are regarded as a promising energy storage technology to meet growing demand due to their high energy density and safety.ion conductivity,interface stability and battery assembly process are still the m.in challenges to hurdle the commercialization of SSLB.As the m.in component of SSLB,poly(1,3-dioxolane)(PDOL)-based solid polymer electrolytes polymerized in-situ are becoming a promising candidate solid elec-trolyte,for their high ion conductivity at room temperature,good battery elec-trochemical performances,and simple assembly process.This review analyzes opportunities and challenges of PDOL electrolytes toward practical application for polymer SSLB.The focuses include exploring the polymerization mechanism of DOL,the performance of PDOL composite electrolytes,and the application of PDOL.Furthermore,we provide a perspective on future research directions that need to be emphasized for commercialization of PDOL-based electrolytes in SSLB.The exploration of these schemes facilitates a comprehensive and profound understanding of PDOL-based polymer electrolyte and provides new research ideas to boost them toward practical application in solid-state batteries.

关键词： Poly(1,3-dioxolane) Solid electrolyte Polymerization mechanism Composite electrolyte Practical application

The E3 ubiquitin ligase TRAF6 controls CTLA-4 turnover and promotes T-cell-mediated antitumor immunity

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Cellular & molecular immunology 2024年第1期21卷 97-99页

作者： Xiao-Liang Jie hua Guo Guang-Biao Zhou State Key Laboratory of molecular Oncology National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College100021 BejingChina

Yu et al.[1]reported that the tumor necrosis factor(TNF)receptor OX40(CD134)-TNF receptor-associated factor 6(TRAF6)axis mediates Lys63-linked ubiquitination and subsequent lysosomal degradation of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4(CTLA-4),leading to the enhancement of CD8^(+)T-cell-mediated antitumor immunity.Their findings unveil a previously unknown mechanism.in controlling the stability of the immune checkpoint CTLA-4 and provide a potential therapeutic target for the improvement of Tcell-based immunotherapy.

关键词： immunity OX40 ubiquitin

Optical system for extremely large spectroscopic survey telescope

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Science China(Physics,mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第7期67卷 158-174页

作者： Ding-qiang Su hua Bai Xiangyan Yuan Xiangqun Cui Key Laboratory of the ministry of Education School of Astronomy and Space ScienceNanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China Nanjing institute of Astronomical Optics and Technology(NiAOT) Chinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210042China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 211135China School of Astronomy and Space Science University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 101408China

This article presents research work on a spectroscopic survey telescope.Our idea is as follows:for such a telescope,a pure reflecting optical system.is designed,which should have an aperture and a field of view(FOV)both as large as possible and excellent image quality,and then a strip lensm(lens-prism)atmospheric dispersion corrector(S-ADC)is added,only for correcting the atmospheric dispersion.Given the fund limitation and the simplicity of scaling up,some 12-m telescopes are designed as examples.Su,Korsch,and m.inel put forward the four-mirror Nasmyth systems i and ii,which are used in this paper.FOVs of 1.5°,2°,and 2.5°are selected.For all systems,the image qualities are excellent.Because the S-ADC relaxes the optical glass size restriction,this 12-m telescope with a FOV of 2.5°can be magnified in proportion to a 16-m telescope.its etendue(from Frenchétendue)and focal surface will now be the largest in the world.in such a telescope,a pure reflecting optical system can also be obtained.A subsequent coudésystem.is designed with excellent image quality.

关键词： telescopes spectroscopic survey

improving anammox activity and reactor start-up speed by using CO_(2)/NaHCO_(3) buffer

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第5期139卷 60-71页

作者： Shaoan Cheng huahua Li Xinyuan He hua Chen Longxin Li State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization College of Energy EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China

Anammox bacteria grow slowly and can be affected by large pH fluctuations.Using suitable buffers could make the start-up of anammox reactors easy and rapid.in this study,the effects of three kinds of buffers on the nitrogen removal and growth characteristics of anammox sludge were investigated.Reactors with CO_(2)/NaHCO_(3)buffer solution(CCBS)performed the best in nitrogen removal,while 4-(2-hydroxyerhyl)piperazine-1-ethanesulfonic acid(HEPES)and phosphate buffer solution(PBS)inhibited the anammox activity.Reactors with 50 mmol/L CCBS could start up in 20 days,showing the specific anammox activity and anammox activity of 1.01±0.10 gN/(gVSS·day)and 0.83±0.06 kgN/(m^(3)·day),respectively.Candidatus Kuenenia was the dominant anammox bacteria,with a relative abundance of 71.8%.Notably,anammox reactors could also start quickly by using 50 mmol/L CCBS under nonstrict anaerobic conditions.These findings are meaningful for the quick start-up of engineered anammox reactors and prompt enrichment of anammox bacteria.

关键词： Anammox bacteria Buffer solution CO_(2)/NaHCO_(3) Physiological characteristics microbial community shift

Effectivity and safety of trifocal intraocular lenses and capsular tension rings implantation for cataract patients with axial high myopia

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international Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2024年第3期17卷 499-508页

作者： Shan hua Qiu-Xia Xie Hu Wang Jing-Xiang Zhong Dongguan Aier Eye Hospital Jinan UniversityDongguan 523106Guangdong ProvinceChina Department of Ophthalmology the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan UniversityGuangzhou 510630Guangdong ProvinceChina Department of Ophthalmology the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Jinan UniversityDongguan 523576Guangdong ProvinceChina

●Aim:To assess effectivity and safety of trifocal intraocular lenses(iOLs)and capsular tension rings in treating cataract patients with axial high myopia.●mETHODS:A prospective nonrandomized controlled clinical trial was conducted.Totally 98 eyes(74 patients)who underwent femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery(FLACS)with trifocal iOLs were enrolled in the study and followed up for 2y after surgery:46 eyes(33 patients)with capsular tension ring implantation in the long axial lengths(AL)group(26mm)and 52 eyes(41 patients)in the normal AL group(22mm).Postoperative outcomes about effectivity and safety,including the subjective and objective visual quality,and postoperative complications were assessed.●RESULTS:Uncorrected distance visual acuity at 5 m and uncorrected intermediate visual acuity at 60 and 80 cm.in the long AL group were significantly worse than those in the normal AL group at 3mo postoperatively(Pifferences in reading speed,spectacle independence and potential visual complaints between the two groups were not statistically significant(P>0.05).The dysfunctional lens index and total modulation transfer function(mTF)average height were similar between the two groups.The postoperative internal coma aberrations in the axial high myopia eyes were significantly higher than that in the normal AL group(Pisfaction score in the long AL group(91.32±2.76)was slightly higher than that in the normal AL group(90.36±3.47),but there was no difference(P=0.136).A statistically negative correlation was found between corrected distance visual acuity(CDVA)and dysfunctional lens index(r=-0.382,P=0.009),and between CDVA and the total mTF average height(r=-0.374,P=0.01).But there was no significant correlation between CDVA and total satisfaction score(r=0.059,P=0.696).Postoperative complications m.inly presented as posterior capsular opacity(PCO),retinal detachment and cystoid macular edema.There was no difference in the incidence of fundus disease(6.5%vs 3.8%,P=0.663)or PCO(1

关键词： trifocal intraocular lenses capsular tension ring axial high myopia cataract visual quality

Development of antibody-drug conjugates in cancer:Overview and prospects

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Cancer Communications 2024年第1期44卷 3-22页

作者： Dan-Yun Ruan Hao-Xiang Wu Qi meng Rui-hua Xu Department of Clinical Research Sun Yat-sen University Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaGuangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for CancerSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongP.R.China Research Unit of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Gastrointestinal Cancer Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesGuangzhouGuangdongP.R.China Department of medical Oncology Sun Yat-sen University Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaGuangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for CancerSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongP.R.China

in recent years,remarkable breakthroughs have been reported on antibody-drug conjugates(ADCs),with 15 ADCs successfully entering the market over the past decade.This substantial development has positioned ADCs as one of the fastest-growing dom.ins in the realm of anticancer drugs,demonstrating their efficacy in treating awide array of malignancies.Nonetheless,there is still an unmet clin-ical need forwider application,better efficacy,and fewer side effects of ADCs.An ADC generally comprises an antibody,a linker and a payload,and the com.ina-tion has profound effects on drug structure,pharmacokinetic profile and efficacy.Hence,optimization of the key components provides an opportunity to develop ADCs with higher potency and fewer side effects.in this review,we comprehen-sively reviewed the current development and the prospects of ADC,provided an analysis of marketed ADCs and the ongoing pipelines globally as well as in China,highlighted several ADC platforms and technologies specific to different pharmaceutical enterprises and biotech companies,and also discussed the new related technologies,possibility of next-generation ADCs and the directions of clinical research.

关键词： companies breakthrough payload

Numerical investigation of sinusoidal pulsating gas intake to intensify the gas-slag momentum transfer in the top-blown smelting furnace

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international Journal of minerals,metallurgy and materials 2024年第2期31卷 301-314页

作者： Zhanghao Wan Shiliang Yang Desong Kong Dongbo Li Jianhang Hu hua Wang State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous metal Resources Clean Utilization Kunming University of Science and TechnologyKunming 650093China Southwest Copper Branch Yunnan Copper Co.Ltd.Kunming 650102China

The variation characteristics of bubble morphology and the thermal-physical properties of bubble boundary in the top-blown smelting furnace were explored by means of the computational fluid dynamics method.The essential aspects of the fluid phase(e.g.,splashing volume,dead zone of copper slag,and gas penetration depth)were explored together with the effect of sinusoidal pulsating gas intake on the momentum-transfer performance between phases.The results illustrated that two relatively larger vortices and two smaller vortices appear in the bubble waist and below the lance,respectively.The expansion of larger ones as well as the shrinking of smaller ones com.ine to cause the contraction of the bubble waist.Compared to the results of the case with a fixed gas injection velocity(V_(g)=58 m/s),the splashing volume and dead zone volume of the slag under the V_(g)=58+10sin(2πt)condition are reduced by 24.9%and 23.5%,respectively,where t represents the instant time.Gas penetration depth and slag motion velocity of the latter are 1.03 and 1.31 times high-er than those of the former,respectively.

关键词： top-blown smelting furnace pulsed flow volume of fluid penetration depth splashing volume

Counteracting effects on ENSO induced by ocean chlorophyll interannual variability and tropical instability wave-scale perturbations in the tropical Pacific

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第2期67卷 387-404页

作者： Rong-hua ZHANG Feng TiAN Qidong SHi Xiujun WANG Tongwen WU School of marine Sciences Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing210044China Laoshan Laboratory Qingdao266237China Key Laboratory of Ocean Circulation and Waves Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao266071China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing101408China Faculty of Geographical Sciences Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing100875China Earth System modeling and Prediction Centre China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing100081China

Large perturbations in chlorophyll(Chl)are observed to coexist at interannual and tropical instability wave(TiW)scales in the tropical Pacific;at present,their com.ined effects on El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation(ENSO)through ocean biologyinduced heating(OBH)feedbacks are not understood well.Here,a hybrid coupled model(HCm)for the atmosphere and ocean physics-biogeochemistry(AOPB)in the tropical Pacific is adopted to quantify how ENSO can be modulated by Chl perturbations at interannual and TiW scales,individually or collectively,respectively.The HCm-based sensitivity experiments demonstrate a counteracting effect on ENSO:the bio-climate feedback due to large-scale Chl interannual variability acts to damp ENSO through its impact on upper-ocean stratification and vertical mixing,whereas that due to TiW-scale Chl perturbations tends to amplify ENSO.Because ENSO simulations are sensitively dependent on the ways Chl effects are represented at these different scales,it is necessary to adequately take into account these related differential Chl effects in climate modeling.A bias source for ENSO simulations is illustrated that is related with the Chl effects in the tropical Pacific,adding in a new insight into interactions between the climate system and ocean ecosystem on different scales in the region.These results reveal a level of complexity of ENSO modulations resulting from Chl effects at interannual and TiW scales,which are associated with ocean biogeochemical processes and their interactions with physical processes in the tropical Pacific.

关键词： Ocean chlorophyll Bio-climate feedbacks interannual variability Tropical instability waves Counteracting effects A hybrid coupled model