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Short Response of Spring Wheat to Tillage, Residue management and Split Nitrogen Application in a Rice-Wheat System

Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2014年第12期13卷 2625-2633页

作者： Khalid Usman Ejaz Ahmad Khan Fazal Yazdan Niamatullah Khan Abdur Rashid Saleem ud Din Department of Agronomy Faculty of Agriculture Gomal UniversityD. I. Khan 29050 Pakistan Oil Seed Research Programme National Agricultural Research Center (NARC) Cotton Research Station Ratta Kulachi D. I. Khan 29050 Pakistan Arid Zone Research Institute Ratta Kulachi D. I. Khan 29050 Pakistan

A ifeld experiment was conducted to study the impact of tillage, crop residue management and nitrogen （N） splitting on spring wheat （Triticum aestivum L.） yield over 2 yr （2010-2012） in a rice （Oryza sativa L.）-wheat system in northwestern Pakistan. The experiment was conducted as split plot arranged in randomized complete blocks design with three replications. Treatments comprised six tillage and residue managements：zero tillage straw retained （ZTsr）, zero tillage straw burnt （ZTsb）, reduced tillage straw incorporated （RTsi）, reduced tillage straw burnt （RTsb）, conventional tillage straw incorporated （CTsi）, and conventional tillage straw burnt （CTsb） as main plots and N （200 kg ha-1） was applied as split form viz., control （no nitrogen＆no splitting, N0S0）;2 splits of total N, half at sowing and half at the 1st irrigation （i.e., 20 d after sowing （DAS））（NS1）;3 splits of total N, 1/3 at sowing, 1/3 at the 1st irrigation, and 1/3 at the 2nd irrigation （NS2）;4 splits of total N, 1/4 at sowing, 1/4 at the 1st irrigation, 1/4 at the 2nd irrigation （45 DAS）, and 1/4 at the 3rd irrigation （70 DAS）（NS3）;and 4 splits of total N, 1/4 at the 1st irrigation, 1/4 at the 2nd irrigation, 1/4 at the 3rd irrigation, and 1/4 at the 4th irrigation （95DAS）（NS4） as sub plots. The results showed that the most pikes m-2, grains/spike, 1 000-grain weight, grain yield, and N use efifciency （NUE） were obtained at zero tillage, straw retained and 4 splits application of total N （i.e., at sowing 20, 45 and 70 d after sowing）. The results indicated that ZTsr with application of 200 kg N ha-1 in 4 equal splits viz. at sowing 20, 45 and 70 d after sowing is an appropriate strategy that enhanced wheat yield （7 436-7 634 kg ha-1） and N efifciency （28.6-29.5 kg kg-1） in rice-wheat system.

关键词： tillage residue management N split application wheat yield

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Response of Wheat to Tillage Plus Rice Residue and Nitrogen management in Rice-Wheat System

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2014年第11期13卷 2389-2398页

作者： Khalid Usman Ejaz Ahmad Khan Niamatullah Khan Abdur Rashid Fazal Yazdan Saleem ud Din Department of Agronomy Faculty of Agriculture Gomal UniversityD. I. Khan 29050 Pakistan Cotton Research Station Ratta KulachiD. I. Khan 29050 Pakistan Arid Zone Research Institute Ratta KulachiD. I. Khan 29050 Pakistan Oil Seed Research Program National Agricultural Research CentreIslamabad 44000Pakistan

Zero tillage with residues retention and optimizing nitrogen fertilization are important strategies to improve soil quality and wheat （Triticum aestivum L.） yield in rice （Oryza sativa L.）-wheat system. Field experiments were conducted on silty clay soil （Hyperthermic, and Typic Torrilfuvents） in D. I. Khan, Pakistan, to explore the impact of six tillage methods （zero tillage straw retained （ZTsr）, ZT straw burnt （ZTsb）, reduced tillage straw incorporated （RTsi, including tiller and rotavator）, RT straw burnt （RTsb）, conventional tillage straw incorporated （CTsi, including disc plow, tiller, rotavator, and leveling operations）, CT straw burnt （CTsb）） and ifve nitrogen rates, i.e., 0, 100, 150, 200, and 250 kg ha-1 on wheat yield. mean values for N revealed that spikes m-2, grains/spike, 1 000-grain weight （g）, and grain yield （kg ha-1） were signiifcantly higher at 200 kg N ha-1 in both the years as well as mean over years than all other treatments. mean values for tillage revealed that ZTsr produced highest number of spikes m-2 among tillage methods. However, grains/spike, 1 000-grain weight, and grain yield were higher in tillage methods with either straw retained/incorporated than tillage methods with straw burnt. Interaction effects were signiifcant in year 1 and in mean over years regarding spikes m-2, 1 000-grain weight, total soil organic matter （SOm）, and total soil N （TSN）. ZTsr produced the most spikes m-2 and 1 000-grain weight at 200 kg N ha-1. ZTsr also produced higher SOm and TSN at 200-250 kg N ha-1 at the end of 2 yr cropping. Thus ZTsr with 200 kg N ha-1 may be an optimum and sustainable approach to enhance wheat yield and soil quality in rice-wheat system.

关键词： wheat yield tillage nitrogen TSN SOm

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The Assessment of Carbon Stocks in the Oak Scrub Forest of Sheringal Valley Dir Kohistan

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Open Journal of Forestry 2015年第5期5卷 510-517页

作者： Alamgir Khan Adnan Ahmad Ziaur Rahman Siraj-ud-Din Rahmatullah Qureshi Juma muhammad Department of Forestry Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University Sheringal Dir Upper Pakistan Department of Botany University of Peshawar Peshawar Pakistan Department of Botany PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi Rawalpindi Pakistan Department of Environmental Sciences Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University Sheringal Dir Upper Pakistan

The present study estimates carbon stocks (C-stocks) of the Oak scrub forest of Sheringal valley through field inventory. Stem density (haǃ), tree height (m), basal area (m2·haǃ), stem volume (m2·haǃ), stem biomass (t·haǃ), total biomass (t·haǃ), and total C-stock (t·haǃ), were calculated. Stem density varied between 80±8.16 to 510 ± 42 trees haǃ, with a mean value of 226 ± 7 tress haǃ. The average tree height, basal area and stem volume were 5.47 ± 0.76 m, 12.82 ± 0.25 m2·haǃ and 46.37 ± 0.85 m3·haǃ respectively. The total calculated stem biomass was 32.46 ± 0.60 t·haǃ and total tree biomass was 51.61 ± 0.60 t·haǃ. The calculated C-stocks in the Oak scrub forest ranged from 2.005 ± 1.32 t·haǃ to 63.1 ± 3.34 t·haǃ and the mean C stocks was 25.80 ± 0.47 t·haǃ. The results of the study confirmed that the Oak scrub forest acts as a valuable sink of carbon, but this valuable storage factory of carbon faced the problems of excess uses for fuel wood, forage, domestic uses (mostly for construction) and unscientific management. Proper scientific management and proper utilization of the forest can be significant measures to enhance the potential of the forest to stored and sink more carbon and can be included for CDm and REED++ under Keyto protocol.

关键词： Sheringal Oak Scrub Forest Biomass and Carbon Stocks

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Impact of Different Zinc Application methods on Yield and Yield Components of Various Wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i>L.) Cultivars

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2017年第13期8卷 3502-3512页

作者： Usman Afzal muhammad Shahid Ibni Zamir Shan mohi ud Din Aqib Bilal muhammad Salahuddin Shahid Iqbal Khan Department of Agronomy University of Agriculture Faisalabad Pakistan Department of Botany University of Agriculture Faisalabad Pakistan

To evaluate the impact of different zinc application methods on yield and yield components of various wheat cultivars, a field experiment was carried out at Student’s Farm, Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, during winter 2014-2015. The experiment was laid out in RCBD (Randomized Complete Block Design) with factorial arrangement. In this experiment, all the treatments were replicated three times, using the net plot size of 1.8 m × 5.0 m. The experiment comprised of two factors. Factor A consists of two varieties: Faisalabad-2008 and Punjab-2011. While, Factor B consists of different methods of zinc application, control, zinc application in soil before planting 23 kg·ha-1, zinc foliar application, 4% ZnSO4 solution at two stages (tillering and stem elongation stage). The data regarding different parameters were collected and analyzed from the crop using standard procedures. Regarding the impact of zinc application method maximum plant height at maturity (103.6 cm), total number of tillers (564.67 m-2), spike length (10.83 cm), number of spikelets spike-1 (19.50), number of grains spike-1 (50.36), 1000-grain weight (34.16 g), biological yield (11.93 t·ha-1), grain yield (6.00 t·ha-1) and harvest index (39.25%) were recorded in treatment where zinc was applied both in the soil before planting and by foliar application on later growth stages. Similarly, grain zinc contents (33.11 mg·kg-1), grain protein contents (10.1%) and grain carbohydrate contents (64.23%) were also observed in the treatment where zinc was applied both in the soil before planting and by foliar application on later growth stages, which is better than all other treatments. In case of wheat varieties, Faisalabad-2008 performed better than Punjab-2011, with maximum method maximum total number of tillers (460.67 m-2), spike length (9.70 cm), number of grains spike-1 (48.80), 1000-grain weight (33.81 g), biological yield (10.32 t·ha-1), grain yield (5.0 t·ha-1) and harvest index

关键词： Wheat Zinc Application methods Zinc Contents

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Evaluating the Intercropping of millet with Cowpea for Forage Yield and Quality

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2018年第9期9卷 1781-1793页

作者： Naveed Islam muhammad Shahid Ibni Zamir Shan mohi ud Din Umer Farooq haseeb Arshad Aqib Bilal muhammad Talha Sajjad Department of Agronomy University of Agriculture Faisalabad Pakistan Department of Botany University of Agriculture Faisalabad Pakistan

A field study was scheduled to estimate the impact of intercropping of pearl millet with cowpea on forage yield and quality at Agronomy Research Farm, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad. It was done in kharif season 2016. Randomized complete block design was used to conduct this experiment. It has three replications. The size of net plot is 3.6 m × 6 m. It comprised of five treatments (T1 = one row of millet alternating with one row of cowpea (1m:1C), T2 = two rows of millet alternating with one row of cowpea (2m:1C), T3 = one row of millet alternating with two rows of cowpea (1m:2C), T4 = sole millet, T5 = sole cowpea). We found that intercropping significantly effected the yield and quality of forage. Intercropping system had significant effects on nutritive value of forage crop. Within various treatments of intercropping, it is evident that treatment T2 (two rows of millet alternating with one row of cowpea) gives maximum total dry matter yield (9.68 t ha-1). It was then tracked by treatment T1 (one row of millet alternating with one row of cowpea) and treatment T3 (one row of millet alternating with two rows of cowpea) producing dry matter yield (9.07 t ha-1 and 8.33 t ha-1, respectively). Based on high grain and suitable environmental condition, intercrop productivity compared to sole crop could be selected for improving the productivity of millet/cowpea mixture in the Punjab.

关键词： Intercropping Forage Quality Yield Crop Productivity

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城市绿地空间供需评价与布局优化——以徐州中心城区为例

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地理科学 2019年第11期39卷 1771-1779页

作者：李鑫马晓冬薛小同 Khuong manh ha 江苏师范大学地理测绘与城乡规划学院江苏师范大学特色镇村建设与土地管理研究基地北江农林大学土地与资源环境学院

以徐州市为例,基于0.25 m空间分辨率的Google影像与网络爬虫技术获取空间绿地与居住小区人口;采用两步移动搜索法评价小区尺度的绿地供给情况,结合相关标准分析其空间供需状况;为最大限度减少绿地供给不达标小区数量,用空间启发式算法... 详细信息

以徐州市为例,基于0.25 m空间分辨率的Google影像与网络爬虫技术获取空间绿地与居住小区人口;采用两步移动搜索法评价小区尺度的绿地供给情况,结合相关标准分析其空间供需状况;为最大限度减少绿地供给不达标小区数量,用空间启发式算法搜索合适的低效工业地块转换为绿地得到优化的绿地布局。研究发现:徐州中心城区绿地供需存在空间不公平,39%的小区绿地供给小于20.1 m2的需求标准,供给饱和区主要在云龙湖与泉山森林公园片区,不足区则主要在老城与金山桥片区;绿地空间配置应与人口空间分布保持一致,因此要在高层住宅集聚区配置大中型公园绿地;在空间上选取合适数量与位置的低效工业地块转换为绿地,转换431hm2的工业地块可使绿地不达标小区数目减少37个,而得到优化的绿地空间布局。

关键词：城市绿地绿地供需匹配两步移动搜索法空间启发式算法绿地布局优化

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田园树林对近海岛屿家庭的生态、经济意义(英文)

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Journal of Forestry Research 2008年第4期19卷 307-310页

作者： Kazi mohammad masum mohammed Shafiul Alam m.m.Abdullah-Al-mamun Dulahazara Safari Park Wildlife Management and Nature Conservation DivisionBFRI Campus Institute of Forestry and Environmental Sciences Chittagong University Department of Environmental Technology Chittagong Polytechnic Institute

利用多级随机取样法调查了孟加拉国近海岛屿45个田园树林,评价了植物多样性对当地农户生态、社会经济条件的贡献。田园按面积大小分为大(>0.25hm2)、中(0.05-0.25hm2)和小(<0.05hm2)三类。田园不同植物年平均收入在US$95.5至US$291.67... 详细信息

利用多级随机取样法调查了孟加拉国近海岛屿45个田园树林,评价了植物多样性对当地农户生态、社会经济条件的贡献。田园按面积大小分为大(>0.25hm2)、中(0.05-0.25hm2)和小(hm2)三类。田园不同植物年平均收入在US$95.5至US$291.67。近海岛屿的田园树木主要供应农民的木燃料和抵御频繁的飓风,但并不能满足营养方面的需求。本文还指出了田园种植所受到的限制,给出了一些建议,例如,充足地供应快速生长的本地树种和保护濒危种来满足农户需求,保持生态平衡。图2表3参20。

关键词：孟加拉国宅地森林生态学经济学

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GRASSLAND DESERTIFICATION AND mICROmETEOROLOGICAL ChaNGES IN NAImAN

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中国沙漠 1998年第4期 65-71页

作者： LI Sheng gong\ ZhaO ha lin\ HE Zong ying ChaNG Xue li\ Yoshinobu haROZONO ① (Institute of Desert Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China) (① National Institute of Agro Environmental Sciences, Tsukuba 305, Japan)

１ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＩｎｆｌｕｅｎｃｅｏｆｌａｎｄｄｅｓｅｒｔｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎｏｎｒｅｇｉｏｎａｌｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌｃｈａｎｇｅｈａｓｉｎｔｈｅｐａｓｔｆｅｗｄｅｃａｄｅｓｂｅｃｏｍｅｔｈｅｒｅｓｅａ... 详细信息

１ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＩｎｆｌｕｅｎｃｅｏｆｌａｎｄｄｅｓｅｒｔｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎｏｎｒｅｇｉｏｎａｌｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌｃｈａｎｇｅｈａｓｉｎｔｈｅｐａｓｔｆｅｗｄｅｃａｄｅｓｂｅｃｏｍｅｔｈｅｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｆｏｃｕｓｏｆｍａｎｙｓｃｈ...

关键词： Grassland\ Grazing intensity\ micrometeorology\ Desertification

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水果型黄瓜新品种津美2号的选育

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中国蔬菜 2006年第9期 29-30页

作者：杨瑞环哈玉洁天津科润黄瓜研究所

津美2号是以荷兰品种分离后代、雌性系材料298为母本,以西班牙黄瓜一代杂种分离后代、雌雄同株材料294为父本配制而成的一代杂种。该品种为雌性系。植株生长势强,叶片较大,浅绿色；瓜长14 cm左右,横径2．7 cm,瓜条绿色、光滑、有光泽、... 详细信息

津美2号是以荷兰品种分离后代、雌性系材料298为母本,以西班牙黄瓜一代杂种分离后代、雌雄同株材料294为父本配制而成的一代杂种。该品种为雌性系。植株生长势强,叶片较大,浅绿色；瓜长14 cm左右,横径2．7 cm,瓜条绿色、光滑、有光泽、皮薄、口感甜脆,单瓜质量80 g左右,每667 m^2产量4 500 kg左右。抗霜霉病、白粉病,中抗枯萎病,耐低温弱光,适合日光温室越冬栽培。

关键词：黄瓜津美2号一代杂种水果型

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日光温室黄瓜新品种津优33号的选育

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中国蔬菜 2006年第3期 24-26页

作者：杨瑞环哈玉洁天津科润黄瓜研究所

津优33号是以优良自交系P4和242杂交而成，植株生长势强，叶片中等大小，深绿色，主蔓结瓜为主；低温（8～100℃）弱光（8000 lx）条件下能够正常开花结果，且瓜条生长速度快，坐瓜率高；抗黄瓜霜霉病、白粉病和灰霉病；瓜条长30～32cm... 详细信息

津优33号是以优良自交系P4和242杂交而成，植株生长势强，叶片中等大小，深绿色，主蔓结瓜为主；低温（8～100℃）弱光（8000 lx）条件下能够正常开花结果，且瓜条生长速度快，坐瓜率高；抗黄瓜霜霉病、白粉病和灰霉病；瓜条长30～32cm，心腔小于瓜横径的1／2，瓜把较短，刺瘤密，瓜条深绿色，有光泽，口感脆嫩，品质好，单瓜质量175g，每667m^2。产量6000kg左右，适于日光温室越冬栽培。

关键词：黄瓜津优33号一代杂种耐低温

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