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Biochemical studies on malathion resistance, inheritance and association of carboxylesterase activity in brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens complex in Peninsular malaysia

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Insect Science 2010年第6期17卷 517-526页

作者： m. A. Latif m.hd yosuh om.r Soon Guan Tan S.S. Siraj Abdul rahim Ismail Department of Crop Science Faculty of Agriculture Department of Biology Faculty of Science Department of Cell and molecular Biology Faculty of Biotechnology and Molecular Science Department of Aquaculture Faculty of Agriculture Universiti Putra Malaysia Serdang Selangor Malaysia

Two sympatric populations of brown planthopper （BPH）, one from.rice and the other from Leersia hexandra were collected from each of five locations in malaysia. All the tested malathion-resistant individuals of the rice BPH population and F1 generation （cross between malathion-resistant [usually caught on rice] and malathion- susceptible [usually caught on Leersia]） showed high esterase activity, while all malathion- susceptible individuals on L. hexandra showed low esterase activity. In the F2 generation, all the individuals tested against malathion were approximately 75% resistant and 25% susceptible and the inheritance pattern of esterase activity （high and low esterase activity） segregated in the same manner to a 3：1 ratio. This confirms that resistance to malathion is mono-factorial and inheritance pattern ofesterase activity is also linked to malathion resistance. Carboxylesterase or total esterase activity in BPH is inherited in a simple mendelian fashion that is encoded by a single dominant gene. For the total esterase assay, average esterase activity levels in the rice-infesting population ranged from 17.64 to 19.37 nmoles 1-napthol/mg protein while that in the Leersia-infesting population ranged from 5.29 to 6.11 nmoles 1-napthol/mg protein. In terms of esterase activity, the two sympatric Nilaparvata lugens populations separated into two distinct groups. results based on the tube color intensity test showed 96% and 98% resistant and susceptible individuals were present in the rice- and Leersia-infesting populations, respectively. In a filter paper test, the rice-infesting population had 94% with high esterase activity while the Leersia-infesting population had 96% with low esterase activity.

关键词： brown planthopper carboxylesterase assay inheritance study insecticide resistance rice

Design and validation of a handheld capnography device for cardiopulmonary assessment based on the Arduino platform

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Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 2021年第6期4卷 42-54页

作者： om Prakash Singh Ismail m.El-Badawy m.B.malarvili Bio-signal Processing research Group(BSPrG)School of Biosciences and medical Engineering Universiti Teknologi malaysia(UTm) 81310 SkudaiJohorMalaysia Electronics and Communication Engineering Department Arab Academy for Science and Technology CairoEgypt School of Electrical Engineering Universiti Teknologi Malaysia(UTM)81310 SkudaiJohorMalaysia Bio-Signal Processing research Group(BSPrG)School of Biosciences and medical Engineering Universiti Teknologi malaysia(UTm) 81310 SkudaiJohorMalaysia

The design of a handheld capnography device is in great demand because of its effective and practical uses in all cardiac arrest resuscitations,according to the recommendation of the American Heart ***,a handheld capnography device that can be used in clinical settings and the home environment is *** proposed device was developed by using an infrared CO_(2)sensor,Arduino mega2560,and a high-resolution display(2.8").Furthermore,two rechargeable batteries(7.6 V,0.99 A)and a secure digital card with a capacity of 16 GB were incorporated to increase the portability and usability of the *** were implemented to measure standard features,namely,inspired CO_(2)(ICO_(2)),end-tidal CO_(2)(EtCO_(2)),and re-spiratory rate(rr).The features of 15 healthy subjects were recorded by using the developed prototype and the standard capnography device(Capnostream^(Tm)20 model CS08798).Validation was performed with Bland-Altman *** revealed that mean differences±standard deviations for the set limits of ICO_(2),EtCO_(2)and rr were 0.29±1.30 millimeters of mercury(mmHg),0.15±1.77 mmHg and 0.40±0.97 breaths per minute(bpm),*** of the differences among device measurements across all features fell within the 95%limits of ***,the developed device may help manage respiratory distress conditions in and outside of a hospital setting.

关键词： Arduino board capnogram carbon dioxide sensor cardiorespiratory monitoring system

The Effects of Zinc Sulfate on the in Vitro Digestibility of Feeds in Cervids

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2024年第3期14卷 157-167页

作者： reese J. Thibodeaux Philip m. Urso Stanley F. Kelley marcy m. Beverly Chris r. Stewart Ian C. Dunn Gentech Diagnostics Dallas Texas USA Department of Animal Science South Dakota State University Brookings South Dakota USA School of Agricultural Sciences Sam Houston State University Huntsville Texas USA 3-S Texas Outdoors/3-S Whitetails Bedias Texas USA

The captive white-tailed deer industry has an estimated impact of 1.6 billion USD in the state of Texas alone. However, nutritional requirements for cervids are determined through research based on sheep and goats. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of zinc on differences in dry matter digestibility in vitro for white-tailed does (Odocoileus virginianus). Deer (n = 2) were ethically harvested, rumens were collected, and placed into a cooler containing warm water. rumen contents were agitated, and fluid was filtered using cheese cloth while applying CO2. Fluid was placed into four separate incubator jars with filter bags containing a 1:1 alfalfa to coastal hay blend. Zinc doses of 0.073 mg/kg/d equivalents were added to two of the jars ( Zn), and the additional two jars received 0.00 mg/kg/d (CON). Following 48 h of incubation, in vitro true digestibility (IVTD) showed no significant differences between the control and the treatment groups. Average dry matter digested in vitro was 91.87% and 95.13%, respectively. There were no differences detected in ADF, NDF, IVTD, or om between the treatment groups. While no detectable differences were observed in this study, this methodology did prove to be viable and functional for microbial digestion in vitro. This study can be replicated with multiple experimental units to confirm the observations of increased digestibility. Formal nutritional guidelines can be created to allow for more efficient feeding of cervids thereby reducing feed costs and continuing the growth of the captive deer industry.

关键词： Zinc IVDmD In Vitro Cervids

Effect of irrigation schedule on growth and seed yield of camelina(Camelina sativa L.)in Tarai region of central Himalaya

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Oil Crop Science 2021年第1期6卷 8-11页

作者： Ankur Agarwal om Prakash madhu Bala Defence Institute of Bio-Energy research Defence R&D OrganizationGoraparaoP.OArjunpurHaldwaniUttarakhand263139India

Camelina(Camelina sativa)has emerged as a potential biofuel crop globally with its suitability even as a jet fuel source with 75–80%less greenhouse gas emissions compared to common petroleum *** crop has originated from mediterranean region and belongs to Brassicaceae ***,DrDO has made initial and pioneer efforts in successful introduction of this crop to India and its agro-technology *** a short duration crop with lesser input requirement,it fits well in the cropping pattern of hilly states of Indian *** areas experience fallow land due to shortage of irrigation water for growing other *** present study revealed that irrigation at flowering stage is more *** at this stage(if only one irrigation is available)exhibited grain yield of 1.004 kg·m^(-2)which was 21 and 80%higher over pod setting and rosette stage irrigation,*** maximum seed yield was observed under treatment where irrigation was provided at all three crop growth stages(2.044 kg·m^(-2)).It was 50%higher over T6 treatment(where two irrigations were given at rosette and flowering stage)and 104%higher over T3(where only one irrigation was given at flowering stage).

关键词： Irrigation scheduling Water requirement Water deficit Biofuel crop False flax

root Structure,Distribution and Biomass in Five multipurpose Tree Species of Western Himalayas

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Journal of mountain Science 2014年第2期11卷 519-525页

作者： Kartar Singh VErmA Sandeep KOHLI rajesh KAUSHAL om Parkash CHATUrVEDI Department of Silviculture and Agroforestry Dr Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture & Forestry Plant Science Division Central Soil and Water Conservation Reserach & Training Institute

【Title】【Author】【Addresses】1The tree root distribution pattern and biomass of seventeen year old trees of Grewia optiva, morus alba, Celtis australis, Bauhinia variegata and robinia pseudoacacia were studied by excavation method. B. variegata roots penetrated to a maximum depth of 4.78 m, whereas, m. alba roots were found down to 1.48 m depth. Lateral spread was minimum in B. variegata （1.10 m）and maximum inr. pseudoacacia （7.33 m）. maximum root biomass of 6.30 kg was found in r. pseudoacacia and minimum （2.43 kg） was found in m. alba. For four species viz.,G. optiva, m. alba, C. australis andr. pseudoacacia, 68%-87% root biomass occurred within top 0-30 cm soil depth, but forB. variegata this was only45%. The soil binding factor was maximum in G. optiva and minimum in B. variegata. Soil physico-chemical properties also showed wide variation. The study suggests thatB. variegata with a deep root system is the most suitable species for plantation under agroforestry systems. r. pseudoacacia and G. optiva with deep root systems, more lateral spread and high soil binding factor are suitable for plantation on degraded lands for soil conservation.

关键词： root categories root distribution root biomass Soil binding factor Soil conservation Nutrients

Effect of forest fragment size on tree diversity and population structure of humid subtropical forest of meghalaya, India

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生物多样性 2010年第2期18卷 208-214页

作者： om Prakash Tripathi Khongjee rangdajied reynald Department of Botany North Eastern Hill University Shillong-793 022 India Department of Forestry NERIST Nirjuli-791109 India

The present study was conducted in subtropical humid forests of meghalaya to study the distributional pattern of species, floristic composition, community structure and tree population *** fragments of varying sizes(0.5 ha, 1 ha, 2 ha and 5 ha) were used in the *** of the forest fragments are distributed within the same altitudinal range, and had similar rainfall and temperature *** forest fragments were sampled using random quadrats to analyze the impact of fragment size on tree diversity and population *** were used to compare the dispersion pattern of plant species, species diversity among fragments, and the heterogeneity and homogeneity of the fragments.A total of 45 tree species were recorded from all the fragments and simple correlation showed that the species richness was positively related to fragment size(n = 4, Pr measures such as stand density, basal cover, diversity and dominance indices were unrelated to fragment *** canopy was composed mainly of Castonopsis indica, ***, Schima khasiana and Engelhardtia spicata in all of the fragments.A majority of woody tree species were contagiously distributed which made the forest community highly patchy in *** values of Sorensen's similarity index and high values of Whittaker's β-diversity index between the fragments suggest marked difference in the species composition among the *** maximum stand density, basal area, Shannon diversity index and Simpson dominance index was recorded in a 5-ha *** in lower girth classes(15-55 cm circumference at breast height, CBH) accounted for 52-86% of stand density in all fragments except in 0.5-ha fragments where middle girth class(55-95 cm CBH) accounted for 47% of the total stand *** overall density of seedlings, saplings and adult trees formed a pyramidal structure, indicating that the period between the sapling and adult stage was a critical stage in tree life cycles, as the

关键词：生物多样性相异性指数生态学森林

Acute Toxicity of Aluminium Phosphide Following Oral Administration in rats

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 1998年第2期11卷 179-186页

作者： om KUmAr K. SUGENDrAN S. C. PANT rAm SINGH P. m. K. rEDDY AND r. VIJAYArAGHAVAN (Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Defence research and Development Establishment, GWALIOr-474002, India) Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology Defence Research and Development Establishment Gwalior-474002 India

Aluminium phosphide (AlP) is used as a fumigant and also sometimes misused for suicidal attempts in India, due to its easy availability. The effect of phosphine, the gas that is liberated when AlP comes in contact with moisture, is well documented in the literature. However, the effect of AlP in its native form on animal models is not well cited. In this study we examined the acute toxic effect of AlP in rats. Oral LD50 of AlP for male and female rats were found to be 14. 13 and 11. 89mg/kg, respectively. Oral administration of an AlP dose of 0. 80 LD50 resulted in significant increases in the level of plasma glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase,alkaline phosphatase, glucose and urea in rats of both sexes. Hemoglobin level and packed cell volume also increased significantly 6h after administration. Body weight was reduced but the organ to body weight ratio of lung, liver, spleen, kidney and testes remained *** changes induced by AlP during 24-48h induced hemorrhage, congestion and mild to moderate atrophy of various cellular components of visceral organs. The study showed that the acute toxic effect of AlP may be due to hypovolemic shock. Female rats were found to be more susceptible than were males.

关键词： In Acute Toxicity of Aluminium Phosphide Following Oral Administration in rats

How neonatal diet affects the long-term development of rumination behavior,rumen fermentation and feed digestion in dairy calves fed a high milk level?

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 326-337页

作者： Jianxin Xiao Tianyu Chen rong Peng Gibson m.Alugongo Hui Yang Shuai Liu Yulin ma Jingjun Wang Shengli Li Zhijun Cao State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding International Calf and Heifer OrganizationCollege of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Culture and Safety Production in Cattle in Sichuan Animal Nutrition InstituteSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu 611130China

This study was to investigate growth performance,rumination development,rumen fermentation and feed digestion in young calves provided high volumes(about 20%of calf birth weight)of milk with or without forage inclusion and how these parameters correlate with each *** after birth,160 newborn Holstein female calves(41.6±4.2 kg of initial BW)were randomly divided into 2 treatments:1)starter(CON,only starter)and 2)starter and hay(HAY,both starter and hay).The calves were fed their respective experimental diets from d 4 to 84,after which they were all introduced to similar diets until the end of the experiment on d *** had no effect on growth and structural measurements throughout the experimental ***,treatment had an effect on the other parameters,mainly during the post-weaning *** supplementation tended to reduce starter dry matter intake(P=0.05),while increasing the forage intake(Pratio(Preased neutral detergent fiber(NDF)and physically effective NDF(peNDF)intakes(Pr(Prch intake compared to CON *** HAY calves had a higher rumination time(Pruminal pH(Propionate ratio(P=0.05)compared to the CON *** correlation analysis showed that rumination time was positively related to the ruminal p H at d 84(P=0.01)and 196(P=0.02).The HAY calves had similar apparent total-tract digestibility of dry matter(Dm),NDF and ether extract(EE),but lower digestibility of organic matter(om,P=0.03),crude protein(CP,Prch(Pompared to those of the CON calves at week ***,there were no positive relationships between rumination time and nutrient digestibility or between rumination time per kilogram Dm and nutrient *** conclusion,feeding hay to calves fed a high milk level improved rumination during the post-weaning period only,without a concomitant effect on growth performance thro

关键词： Neonatal calf Early forage feeding rumination rumen fermentation Nutrient digestibility

The proline synthesis enzyme P5CS forms cytoophidia in Drosophila

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2020年第3期47卷 131-143页

作者： Bo Zhang om.r Y.Tastan Xian Zhou Chen-Jun Guo Xuyang Liu Aaron Thind Huan-Huan Hu Suwen Zhao Ji-Long Liu School of Life Science and Technology ShanghaiTech UniversityShanghai201210China Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology Shanghai Institutes for Biologicai SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200031China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049China mrC Functional Genomics Unit Department of PhysiologyAnatomy and GeneticsUniversity of OxfordOxford0X13PTUnited Kingdom iHuman Institute ShanghaiTech UniversityShanghai201210China

Compartmentation of enzymes via filamentation has arisen as a mechanism for the regulation of *** 2010,three groups independently reported that CTP synthase(CTPS)can assemble into a filamentous structure termed the *** searching for CTPS-interacting proteins,here we perform a yeast two-hybrid screening of Drosophila proteins and identify a putative CTPS-interacting protein,△~1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase(P5CS).Using the Drosophila follicle cell as the in vivo model,we confirm that P5CS forms cytoophidia,which are associated with CTPS *** of P5CS increases the length of CTPS ***,filamentation of CTPS affects the morphology of P5CS cytoophid ***,in vitro analyses confirm the filament-fo rming property of *** work links CTPS with P5CS,two enzymes involved in the rate-limiting steps in pyrimidine and proline biosynthesis,respectively.

关键词： CTPS Cytoophidium Drosophila Glutamate P5CS Proline