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metrology for sub-Rayleigh-length target positioning in~10^(22)W/cm^(2)laser-plasma experiments

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high Power Laser Science and Engineering 2024年第3期12卷 90-105页

作者： E.A.Vishnyakov A.Sagisaka K.Ogura t.Zh.Esirkepov B.Gonzalez-Izquierdo C.d.Armstrong t.A.Pikuz S.A.Pikuz W.Yan t.m.Jeong S.Singh P.hadjisolomou O.Finke G.m.Grittani m.Nevrkla C.m.Lazzarini A.Velyhan t.hayakawa Y.Fukuda J.K.Koga m.Ishino K.Kondo Y.miyasaka A.Kon m.Nishikino Y.V.Nosach d.Khikhlukha I.P.tsygvintsev d.Kumar J.Nejdl d.margarone P.V.Sasorov S.Weber m.Kando h.Kiriyama Y.Kato G.Korn K.Kondo S.V.Bulanov t.Kawachi A.S.Pirozhkov ELI Beamlines Facility The Extreme Light Infrastructure ERICDolníBrežanyCzech Republic Kansai Institute for Photon Science(KPSI) QSTKyotoJapan Central Laser Facility Rutherford Appleton LaboratorySTFCHarwell OxfordDidcotUK Institute for Open and transdisciplinary Research Initiatives Osaka UniversityOsakaJapan hB11 Energy holdings FreshwaterAustralia Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas(ministry of education) School of Physics and AstronomyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina Institute of Plasma Physics ASCR PragueCzech Republic FZU-Institute of Physics ASCR PragueCzech Republic Czech technical University in Prague FNSPEPragueCzech Republic Institute of Laser Engineering Osaka UniversityOsakaJapan Institute of Physics National Academy of Sciences of UkraineKyivUkraine IStEQ AR YerevanArmenia

tight focusing with very small f-numbers is necessary to achieve the highest at-focus ***,tight focusing imposes strong demands on precise target positioning in-focus to achieve the highest on-target irradiance We describe several near-infrared,visible,ultraviolet and soft and hard X-ray diagnostics employed in a~10^(22)W/cm^(2)laser±plasma *** used nearly 10 J total energy femtosecond laser pulses focused into an approximately1.3-μm focal spot on 5±20μm thick stainless-steel *** discuss the applicability of these diagnostics to determine the best in-focus target position with approximately 5μm accuracy(i.e.,around half of the short Rayleigh length)and show that several diagnostics(in particular,3ωreflection and on-axis hard X-rays)can ensure this *** demonstrated target positioning within several micrometers from the focus,ensuring over 80%of the ideal peak laser intensity *** approach is relatively fast(it requires 10±20 laser shots)and does not rely on the coincidence of low-power and high-power focal planes.

关键词： laser-plasma interaction precise target positioning spectroscopy ultra-high intensity X-rays

Forecasting of tropical cyclones ASANI(2022)and mOChA(2023)over the Bay of Bengal-real time challenges to forecasters

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tropical Cyclone Research and Review 2024年第2期13卷 88-112页

作者： S.d.Kotal t.Arulalan m.mohapatra India meteorological department Ministry of Earth ScienceGovernment of IndiaNew DelhiIndia

this study examines the track and intensity forecasts of two typical Bay of Bengal tropical cyclones(tC)ASANI and *** analysis of various Numerical Weather Prediction(NWP)model forecasts[ECmWF(European Centre for medium range Weather Forecast),NCEP(National Centers for Environmental Prediction),NCUm(National Centre for medium Range Weather Forecast-Uniﬁed model),Imd(India meteorological department),hWRF(hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting)],mmE(multi-model Ensemble),SCIP(Statistical Cyclone Intensity Prediction)model,and OFCL(Ofﬁcial)forecasts shows that intensity forecasts of ASANI and track forecasts of mOChA were reasonably good,but there were large errors and wide variation in track forecasts of ASANI and in intensity forecasts of *** all model forecasts,the track forecast errors of Imd model and mmE were least in general for ASANI and mOChA ***,the landfall point forecast errors of Imd were least for ASANI,and the mmE and OFCL forecast errors were least for *** model is found to be consistently better for landfall time forecast for ASANI,and the errors of ECmWF,Imd and hWRF were least and of same order for *** intensity forecast errors of OFCL and SCIP were least for ASANI,and the forecast errors of hWRF,Imd,NCEP,SCIP and OFCL were comparable and least for mOChA up to 48 h forecast and hWRF errors were least thereafter in *** ECmWF model forecast errors for intensity were found to be highest for both the *** results also show that although there is signiﬁcant improvement of track forecasts and limited or no improvement of intensity forecast in previous decades but challenges still persists in real time forecasting of both track and intensity due to wide variation and inconsistency of model forecasts for different tC cases.

关键词： tropical cyclone track forecast Intensity forecast NWP model Bay of Bengal North Indian Ocean

Radioisotope production using lasers:From basic science to applications

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matter and Radiation at Extremes 2024年第3期9卷 31-44页

作者： m.R.d.Rodrigues A.Bonasera m.Scisciò J.A.Pérez-hernández m.Ehret F.Filippi P.L.Andreoli m.huault h.Larreur d.Singappuli d.molloy d.Raffestin m.Alonzo G.G.Rapisarda d.Lattuada G.L.Guardo C.Verona Fe.Consoli G.Petringa A.mcNamee m.La Cognata S.Palmerini t.Carriere m.Cipriani G.di Giorgio G.Cristofari R.de Angelis G.A.P.Cirrone d.margarone L.Giuffrida d.Batani P.Nicolai K.Batani R.Lera L.Volpe d.Giulietti S.Agarwal m.Krupka S.Singh Fa.Consoli Cyclotron Institute Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexas 77840USA Laboratori Nazionali del Sud Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare(LNS-INFN)CataniaItaly ENEA Fusion and Technologies for Nuclear Safety and Security Department-CFrascatiItaly Centro de Láseres Pulsados(clpu) VillamayorSpain Universidad de Salamanca SalamancaSpain Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications(CELIA) Universitéde BordeauxCNRSCEATalenceFrance hB11 Energy holdings Pty FreshwaterNew South WalesAustralia School of mathematics and Physics Queen’s University BelfastBelfastUnited Kingdom dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia“E.majorana ”Università di CataniaCataniaItaly Facoltàdi Ingegneria e Architettura Universitàdegli Studi di Enna“Kore”EnnaItaly dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale Universitàdi Roma“Tor Vergata”RomaItaly dipartimento di Fisica e Geologia Universitàdegli Studi di PerugiaPerugiaItaly Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di PerugiaPerugiaItaly ELI Beamlines Facility the Extreme Light Infrastructure ERICDolni BrezanyCzech Republic EtSIA Universidad Politécnica de MadridMadridSpain dipartimento Fisica “E.Fermi”Universitàdi Pisa and INFNPisaItaly FZU–Institute of Physics of Czech Academy of Sciences PragueCzech Republic Institute of Plasma Physics of Czech Academy of Sciences PragueCzech Republic

the discovery of chirped pulse amplification has led to great improvements in laser technology,enabling energetic laser beams to be compressed to pulse durations of tens of femtoseconds and focused to a few *** with energies of tens of meV can be accelerated using,for instance,target normal sheath acceleration and focused on secondary *** such conditions,nuclear reactions can occur,with the production of radioisotopes suitable for medical *** use of high-repetition lasers to produce such isotopes is competitive with conventional methods mostly based on *** this paper,we study the production of^(67)Cu,^(63)Zn,^(18)F,and^(11)C,which are currently used in positron emission tomography and other *** the same time,we study the reactions^(10)B(p,α)^(7)Be and^(70)Zn(p,4n)^(67)Ga to put further constraints on the proton distributions at different angles,as well as the reaction^(11)B(p,α)^(8)Be relevant for energy *** experiment was performed at the 1 PW laser facility at VegaⅢin Salamanca,*** distributions of radioisotopes in the forward(with respect to the laser direction)and backward directions were measured using a high purity germanium *** results are in reasonable agreement with numerical estimates obtained following the approach of Kimura and Bonasera[*** ***.,Sect.A 637,164–170(2011)].

关键词： purity estimates backward

Reviewing 40 years of artificial intelligence applied to power systems-A taxonomic perspective

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Energy and AI 2024年第1期15卷 136-150页

作者： F.heymann h.Quest t.Lopez Garcia C.Ballif m.Galus Swiss Federal Office for Energy(SFOE) Section Geoinformation and Digital InnovationIttigenSwitzerland Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne(EPFL) Photovoltaics and Thin-Film Electronics Laboratory(PV-LAB)Institute of Electrical and Micro Engineering(IEM)NeuchâtelSwitzerland 3S Swiss Solar Solutions AG ThunSwitzerland Swiss Center for Electronics and microtechnology(CSEm) Sustainable Energy CenterNeuchâtelSwitzerland digital Energy and Electric Power Lucerne University of Applied Sciences and ArtsLucerneSwitzerland

Artificial intelligence(AI)as a multi-purpose technology is gaining increased attention and is now widely used across all sectors of the *** growing complexity of planning and operating power systems makes AI extremely valuable for the power *** now,there has been a lack of clarity regarding the specific points along the power system supply chain where AI applications demonstrate significant value,as well as which AI domains are best suited for such *** study employs an AI taxonomy and automated web search to qualitatively and quantitatively unveil the biggest potentials of AI in the power *** analysis,based on a review of 258’919 publications between 1982 and 2022,reveals where AI applications are particularly *** consider six AI domains(reasoning,planning,learning,communication,perception,integration&interaction)and 19 use cases from the power supply chain(i.e.,generation,transmission networks,distribution networks,isolated grids/microgrids,market operations and retail).Our findings indicate that,as of now,the focus is predominantly on AI applications in power retail(55%),transmission(14%)and generation(13%).most analyzed works describe applications built on algorithms of the AI domains“learning”(45%)and“planning”(14%).Results also suggest that the current definition of AI domains is ambiguous,and they highlight missing information on the actual use and successful implementation of AI in power system use cases.

关键词： Artificial intelligence Power systems Electricity taxonomy Policy

Storylines of family medicine Ⅰ:framing family medicine–history,values and perspectives

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Family medicine and Community health 2024年第S3期12卷 2-11页

作者： William B Ventres Leslie A Stone Kathleen t Rowland Richard h Streiffer michael d macechko Julia A Roulier Jeffrey m Borkan Larry A Green Family and Preventive medicine University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences College of MedicineLittle RockArkansasUSA Family and Preventive medicine Rush Medical College of Rush UniversityChicagoIllinoisUSA College of Community health Sciences University of AlabamaTuscaloosaAlabamaUSA UAmS Northwest Regional Campus Family medicine Residency Program FayettevilleArkansasUSA UAmS North Central Regional Campus Family medicine Residency Program BatesvilleArkansasUSA Family medicine Brown University Warren Alpert Medical SchoolProvidenceRhode IslandUSA University of Colorado School of medicine AuroraColoradoUSA

Storylines of Family medicine is a 12-part series of thematically linked mini-essays with accompanying illustrations that explore the many dimensions of family medicine,as interpreted by individual family physicians and medical educators in the USA and elsewhere around the ***‘Ⅰ:framing family medicine—history,values,and perspectives’,the authors address the following themes:‘Notes on Storylines of Family medicine’,‘Family medicine—the generalist specialty’,‘Family medicine’s achievements—a glass half full assessment’,‘Family medicine’s next 50 years—toward filling our glasses’,‘Four enduring truths of family medicine’,‘Names matter’,‘Family medicine at its core’and‘the ecology of medical care.’may readers find much food for thought in these essays.

关键词： glasses illustration Notes

Ground-based and additional science support for SmILE

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 275-298页

作者： J.A.Carter m.dunlop C.Forsyth K.Oksavik E.donovon A.Kavanagh S.E.milan t.Sergienko R.C.Fear d.G.Sibeck m.Connors t.Yeoman X.tan m.G.G.t.taylor K.mcWilliams J.Gjerloev R.Barnes d.d.Billet G.Chisham A.dimmock m.P.Freeman d.-S.han m.d.hartinger S.-Y.W.hsieh Z.-J.hu m.K.James L.Juusola K.Kauristie E.A.Kronberg m.Lester J.manuel J.matzka I.mcCrea Y.miyoshi J.Rae L.Ren F.Sigernes E.Spanswick K.Sterne A.Steuwer t.Sun m.-t.Walach B.Walsh C.Wang J.Weygand J.Wild J.Yan J.Zhang Q.-h.Zhang Planetary Sciences Group School of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of LeicesterUniversity RoadLeicesterLE17RHUK Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Space Science Technology Facilities CouncilOxfordshireUK School of Space and Environment Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China Key Laboratory of Space Environment monitoring and Information Processing Ministry of Industry and Information TechnologyBeijing 100017China department of Space and Climate Physics UCLMullard Space Science LaboratoryHolmbury St.MaryDorkingSurreyRH56NTUK Birkeland Centre for Space Science Department of Physics and Technology.University of BergenBergenNorway department of Physics and Astronomy University of Calgary2500 University DriveCalgaryAlbertaCanada T2N 1N4 British Antarctic Survey CambridgeUK Swedish Institute of Space Physics KirunaSweden West highfield Campus University of SouthamptonUniversity RoadSO171BJUK Goddard Space Flight Center NASAGreenbeltMarylandUSA Athabasca University AthabascaCanada EStEC European Space AgencyNetherlands University of Saskatchewan SaskatoonCanada the Johns hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory LaurelMarylandUSA Swedish Institude of Space Physics UppsalaSE 75121Sweden tongji University Shanghai 200092China Center for Space Plasma Physics Space Science Institute4765 Walnut Street Suite BBoulderColorado80301USA Polar Research Institute of China Shanghai 200136China Finnish meteorological Institute(FmI) Finland department of Earth and Environmental Sciences(Geophysics) Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich(LMU)MunichTheresienstr.41MunichD-80333Germany Canadian Space Agency MontrealCanada GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences PotsdamGermany Nagoya University Institute for Space Earth Environment ResearchCenter for Integrated Data ScienceNagoyaAichiJP 464-8601 Northumbria University Newcastle upon TyneTyne and WearUK NE18ST National Space Science Center Chinese Academy SciencesBeijing 100190China Arctic Geophysics University Centre in Svalbard

the joint European Space Agency and Chinese Academy of Sciences Solar wind magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer(SmILE)mission will explore global dynamics of the magnetosphere under varying solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field conditions,and simultaneously monitor the auroral response of the Northern hemisphere *** these large-scale responses with medium and fine-scale measurements at a variety of cadences by additional ground-based and space-based instruments will enable a much greater scientific impact beyond the original goals of the SmILE ***,we describe current community efforts to prepare for SmILE,and the benefits and context various experiments that have explicitly expressed support for SmILE can offer.A dedicated group of international scientists representing many different experiment types and geographical locations,the Ground-based and Additional Science Working Group,is facilitating these *** include constructing an online SmILE data Fusion Facility,the discussion of particular or special modes for experiments such as coherent and incoherent scatter radar,and the consideration of particular observing strategies and spacecraft *** anticipate growing interest and community engagement with the SmILE mission,and we welcome novel ideas and insights from the solar-terrestrial community.

关键词： magnetosphere ionosphere magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling ground-based experimentation SmILE conjunctions missions

Impact of Paenibacillus elgii supernatant on screening bacterial strains with potential for biotechnological applications

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Engineering microbiology 2024年第3期4卷 1-15页

作者： I.C.Cunha-Ferreira C.S.Vizzotto t.d.Frederico J.Peixoto L.S Carvalho m.R.tótola R.h.Krüger Laboratory of Enzymology Department of Cellular BiologyUniversity of Brasília(UNB)Brasília70910-900Brazil Laboratory of Environmental Sanitation Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of Brasília(UNB)Brasília70910-900Brazil Laboratório de Biotecnologia e Biodiversidade para o meio Ambiente Universidade Federal de Viçosa(UFV)Viçosa36570-900Brazil

the biotechnological industry faces a crucial demand for novel bioactive compounds,particularly antimicrobial agents,to address the rising challenge of bacterial resistance to current available *** strate-gies for cultivating naturally occurring microorganisms often limit the discovery of novel antimicrobial *** study presents a protocol for targeted selection of bacterial strains using the supernatant of Paenibacillus el-gii,which produces abundant signal molecules and antimicrobial *** samples were inoculated in these enriched culture media to selectively cultivate bacteria resistant to the supernatant,indicating their potential to produce similar *** bacterial strains isolated through this method were assessed for their antibac-terial *** addition,the functional annotation of the genome of one of these strains revealed several gene clusters of biotechnological *** study highlights the effectiveness of using this approach for selective cultivation of microorganisms with potential for biotechnological applications.

关键词： Prospecting Supernatant Antibacterial activity

the Soft X-ray Imager(SXI)on the SmILE mission

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 5-14页

作者： S.Sembay A.L.Alme d.Agnolon t.Arnold A.Beardmore A.Belén Balado margeli C.Bicknell C.Bouldin G.Branduardi-Raymont t.Crawford J.P.Breuer t.Buggey G.Butcher R.Canchal J.A.Carter A.Cheney Y.Collado-Vega h.Connor t.Crawford N.Eaton C.Feldman C.Forsyth t.Frantzen G.Galgóczi J.Garcia G.Y.Genov C.Gordillo h-P.Gröbelbauer m.Guedel Y.Guo m.hailey d.hall R.hampson J.hasiba O.hetherington A.holland S-Y.hsieh m.W.J.hubbard h.Jeszenszky m.Jones t.Kennedy K.Koch-mehrin S.Kögl S.Krucker K.d.Kuntz C.Lakin G.Laky O.Lylund A.martindale J.miguel mas hesse R.Nakamura K.Oksavik N.Østgaard h.Ottacher R.Ottensamer C.Pagani S.Parsons P.Patel J.Pearson G.Peikert F.S.Porter t.Pouliantis B.h.Qureshi W.Raab G.Randal A.m.Read N.m.m.Roque m.E.Rostad C.Runciman S.Sachdev A.Samsonov m.Soman d.Sibeck S.Smit J.Søndergaard R.Speight S.Stavland m.Steller tianRan Sun J.thornhill W.thomas K.Ullaland B.Walsh d.Walton C.Wang S.Yang School of Physics and Astronomy University of LeicesterLeicesterLE17RHUK Space Park Leicester University of LeicesterLeicesterLE17RHUK mullard Space Science Laboratory University College LondonDorkingRH56NTUK Centre for Electronic Imaging Open UniversityMilton KeynesMK76 AAUK Birkeland Centre for Space Science Department of Physics and TechnologyUniv.of BergenN-5007 BergenNorway University of Vienna A-1010 ViennaAustria Space Research Institute Austrian Academy of SciencesA-8042 GrazAustria National Institute of Aerospace technology MadridSpain EStEC European Space Agency2201 AZ NoordwijkNetherlands State Key Laboratory of Space Weather National Space Science CentreBeijing 100190China University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland CH-5210 WindischSwitzerland Koegl Space Gmbh CH-8157 DielsdorfSwitzerland Space Acoustics Gmbh CH-8157 DielsdorfSwitzerland Zurich University of Applied Sciences 8400 WinterhurSwitzerland Genov Solutions N-5172 LoddefjordNorway Stm Engineering N-5165 LaksevagNorway John hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory MD 20723USA NASA/Goddard Space Flight Centre MD 20771USA Center for Space Physics Boston UniversityBostonMA 02215USA department of theoretical Physics and Astrophysics Masaryk University60177 BrnoCzech Republic Institute of Physics E¨otvo¨s Lor´and University1053 BudapestHungary Aerospace Information Research Institute Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100045China Centro de Astrobiologia(CAB) CSIC-INTAMadridSpain

the Soft X-ray Imager(SXI)is part of the scientific payload of the Solar wind magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer(SmILE)*** is a joint science mission between the European Space Agency(ESA)and the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)and is due for launch in *** is a compact X-ray telescope with a wide field-of-view(FOV)capable of encompassing large portions of Earth’s magnetosphere from the vantage point of the SmILE *** is sensitive to the soft X-rays produced by the Solar Wind Charge eXchange(SWCX)process produced when heavy ions of solar wind origin interact with neutral particles in Earth’s *** provides a mechanism for boundary detection within the magnetosphere,such as the position of Earth’s magnetopause,because the solar wind heavy ions have a very low density in regions of closed magnetic field *** sensitivity of the SXI is such that it can potentially track movements of the magnetopause on timescales of a few minutes and the orbit of SmILE will enable such movements to be tracked for segments lasting many *** is led by the University of Leicester in the United Kingdom(UK)with collaborating organisations on hardware,software and science support within the UK,Europe,China and the United States.

关键词： Soft X-ray Imaging micropore optics large area CCd

Ballistic design and testing of a composite armour reinforced by CNts suitable for armoured vehicles

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defence technology（防务技术） 2024年第2期32卷 173-195页

作者： Evangelos Ch.tsirogiannis Evangelos daskalakis mohamed h.hassan Abdalla m.Omar Paulo Bartolo EOdh SA Research and Development DepartmentLakkoma Chalkidikis63080Greece School of mechanical Aerospace and Civil EngineeringUniversity of ManchesterManchesterM139PLUK Singapore Centre for 3d Printing School of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringNanyang Technological University639798Singapore

this paper is investigating the use of composite armour reinforced by nanomaterials, for the protection of light armoured(LAV) and medium armoured military vehicles(mAV), and the interaction between the composite materials and high-performance ballistic projectiles. Four armour materials, consisted of front hybrid fibre reinforced polymer cover layer, ceramic strike-face, fibre reinforced polymer intermediate layer and the metal matrix composite reinforced backplate, were manufactured and assembled by adhesive technology. the proposed laminated protection system is suitable for armoured ground vehicles;however, it could be used as armour on ground, air and naval platforms. the design of the protection system, including material selection and thickness, was elaborated depending on the performance requirements of Level 4 + StANAG 4569 military standard(projectile 14.5 mm × 114 mm API B32) and especially on a design philosophy which is analysed with the specifications. the backplate of this new composite is a hybrid material of metal matrix Composite(mmC) reinforced with carbon nanotubes(CNts), manufactured with the use of powder metallurgy technique. the composite backplate material was morphologically, mechanically and chemically analysed. Results show that all plates are presenting high mechanical properties and ballistic characteristics, compared to commonly used armour plates. Real military ballistic tests according to AEP-StANAG 4569 were carried out for the total composite armour systems. After the ballistic tests, AA2024-CNt3 showed the best protection results, compared with the other plates(AA2024-CNt1 and AA2024-CNt2), with the projectile being unable to fully penetrate the composite plate.

关键词： Passive armour protection Protective armour Ballistic performance hybrid composites Vehicle protection