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Journal of Arid Land 2015年第6期7卷 814-819页

作者： Amitava CHATTERJEE George d JENERETTE department of Soil Science North Dakota State University department of Botany and Plant Sciences University of California

Variations in soil organic matter accumulation across an elevation can be used to explain the control of substrate supply and variability on soil metabolic activity. We investigated geographic changes in soil organic matter and metabolic rates along an elevation gradient（289–2,489 m） in the Santa Rosa mountains, California, USA from subalpine and montane pine forests through chaparral to desert. From base（289 m） to summit（2,489 m）, 24 sites were established for collecting soil samples under canopies and inter-canopy spaces, at 0–5 and 5–15 cm soil depths increments. Soil organic matter（SOm） content was determined using weight loss on ignition at 550°C and soil CO2 efflux（R） was measured at day 5（R5） and day 20（R20） of incubation. Changes in SOm content along the elevation gradient showed a significant relationship（P〈0.05） but R5 and R20 were not related to either elevation or SOm content. However, the ratio of R and SOm（R5/SOm） showed a strong relationship across the mountains at both soil depths. R5/SOm, as an indicator of carbon use efficiency, may be applicable to other semi-arid transects at larger scale modeling of soil metabolic processes.

关键词： elevation gradient soil organic matter CO2 efflux metabolic activity

Role of artificial intelligence in multidisciplinary imaging diagnosis of gastrointestinal diseases

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第27期27卷 4395-4412页

作者： m Alvaro Berbís José Aneiros-Fernández F Javier mendoza Olivares Enrique Nava Antonio Luna department of R&d HT MédicaMadrid 28046MadridSpain department of Pathology Hospital Universitario Clínico San CecilioGranada 18012Spain department of Gastroenterology Fatima ClinicSevilla 41012Spain department of Communications Engineering University of MálagaMalaga 29016Spain mRI Unit Department of RadiologyHT MédicaJaén 23007Spain

The use of artificial intelligence-based tools is regarded as a promising approach to increase clinical efficiency in diagnostic imaging,improve the interpretability of results,and support decision-making for the detection and prevention of ***,endoscopy and pathology images are suitable for deep-learning analysis,potentially changing the way care is delivered in *** aim of this review is to examine the key aspects of different neural network architectures used for the evaluation of gastrointestinal conditions,by discussing how different models behave in critical tasks,such as lesion detection or characterization(*** distinction between benign and malignant lesions of the esophagus,the stomach and the colon).To this end,we provide an overview on recent achievements and future prospects in deep learning methods applied to the analysis of radiology,endoscopy and histologic whole-slide images of the gastrointestinal tract.

关键词： Artificial intelligence machine learning Radiology Endoscopy Pathology Gastroenterology

Alpha-fetoprotein expression is a potential prognostic marker in hepatocellular carcinoma

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第32期11卷 5015-5018页

作者： dénes Grg János Regly-mérei Sándor Paku László Kopper Péter Nagy department of Transplantation and SurgerySemmelweis University BudapestHungary Third department of SurgerySemmelweis University BudapestHungary Joint Research Organization of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis UniversityBudapest Hungary First department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer ResearchSemmelweis University BudapestHungary

AIm： To characterize the alpha-fetoprotein （AFP） positive and negative hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） samples. mETHOdS： Thirty-seven paraffin-embedded human HCC samples were analyzed by immunohistochemistry for the following antigens： AFP,β-catenin, p53, Cd44, mSH-2, mLH-1, and HNF-4. The tumors were divided into two groups based on the AFP expression. The immunophenotypic data and important clinical parameters were studied between the two groups. RESULTS： Twenty-one of the thirty-seven examined HCCs were AFP positive. Seven with nudear p53 staining were AFP positive, while seven tumors with nuclear β-catenin staining were AFP negative. Cd44 staining and high histological tumor grade were more frequent among the AFP-positive HCCs. The other immunophenotypical and dinical parameters did not show statistically significant difference in their distribution between the AFP positive and negative samples. CONCLUSION： AFP expression in HCC correlates with unfavorable prognostic factors, while nuclear β-catenin positivity is more common among the AFP-negative liver tumors. This observation supports the microarray data on in vivo human tumors.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma Alpha-fetoprotein p53 β-catenin Cd44

Human allograft rejection in humanized mice： a historica perspective

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Cellular & molecular Immunology 2012年第3期9卷 225-231页

作者： michael A Brehm Leonard d Shultz Program in molecular medicine University of Massachusetts Medical School Worcester MA USA The Jackson Laboratory Bar Harbor M_E usA

Basic research in transplantation immunology has relied primarily on rodent models. Experimentation with rodents has laid the foundation for our basic understanding of the biological events that precipitate rejection of non-self or allogeneic tissue transplants and supported the development of novel strategies to specifically suppress allogeneic immune responses, However, translation of these studies to the clinic has met with limited success, emphasizing the need for new models that focus on human immune responses to allogeneic tissues. Humanized mouse models are an exciting alternative that permits investigation of the rejection of human tissues mediated by human immune cells without putting patients at risk. However, the use of humanized mice is complicated by a diversity of protocols and approaches, including the large number of immunodeficient mouse strains available, the choice of tissue to transplant and the specific human immune cell populations that can be engrafted. Here, we present a historical perspective on the study of allograft rejection in humanized mice and discuss the use of these novel model systems in transplant biology.

关键词： transplantation immunodeficient mice human

Spectroscopy and microscopy Using monochromated XPS

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Spectroscopy and Microscopy Using Monochromated XPS

2001年纳米和表面科学与技术全国会议

作者： m.Sander m.merkel m.Escher J.Settemeyer d.Funnemann A.Oelsner Ch.Ziethen O.Schmidt m.Klais G.Schnhense OmICRON GmbH D-65232 TaunussteinGermany FOCUS GmbH D-65510 Hunstetten-GorsrothGermany Johannes Gutenberg-Universitat D-55099 MainzGermany

monochromated X-rays are widely used for the examination of the chemical states and composition of surfaces using photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). In parallel to the rapid development towards nanotechnology, the requirements for high resolution element specific imaging is increasing. Latest developments in electron spectroscopy and microscopy using monochromated X-rays will be presented.

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来源： cnki会议评论

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洁净室软件工程

计算机科学 1989年第5期16卷 1-7页

作者： H. d. mills m. dyer R. C. Linger 朱力张然

众所周知,软件工程的主要目的是提高软件的开发效率和软件质量。近年来发展起来的洁净室软件工程(cleanroom software engincering)提出了用统计的质量控制方法管理软件开发过程,引起了人们的普遍关注。已有的实践经验表明,采用这种方... 详细信息

众所周知,软件工程的主要目的是提高软件的开发效率和软件质量。近年来发展起来的洁净室软件工程(cleanroom software engincering)提出了用统计的质量控制方法管理软件开发过程,引起了人们的普遍关注。已有的实践经验表明,采用这种方法不仅可以明显缩短软件的开发周期,降低软件的开发费用,还可以使软件有较高的质量,特别是有较高的可靠性。本文作者之一是IBm公司的***。他在70年代初期,对结构化程序设计思想的发展和普及起过重大作用。在软件开发管理方法方面提出了著名的“主程序员组”的方法。他的“洁净室软件工程”的思想,是他的主程序员组思想的进一步发展,将对软件工程的发展产生重大影响。

关键词：软件工程洁净室

methods for a blind analysis of isobar data collected by the STAR collaboration

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2021年第5期32卷 43-50页

作者： J.adam L.adamczyk J.R.adams J.K.adkins G.Agakishiev m.m.Aggarwal Z.Ahammed I.Alekseev d.m.Anderson A.Aparin E.C.Aschenauer m.U.Ashraf F.G.Atetalla A.Attri G.S.Averichev V.Bairathi K.Barish A.Behera R.Bellwied A.Bhasin J.Bielcik J.Bielcikova L.C.Bland I.G.Bordyuzhin J.d.Brandenburg A.V.Brandin J.Butterworth H.Caines m.Calderon de la Barca Sanchez d.Cebra I.Chakaberia P.Chaloupka B.K.Chan F-H.Chang Z.Chang N.Chankova-Bunzarova A.Chatterjee d.Chen J.Chen J.H.Chen X.Chen Z.Chen J.Cheng m.Cherney m.Chevalier S.Choudhury W.Christie X.Chu H.J.Crawford m.Csanad m.daugherity T.G.dedovich I.m.deppner A.A.derevschikov L.didenko X.dong J.L.drachenberg J.C.dunlop T.Edmonds N.Elsey J.Engelage G.Eppley S.Esumi O.Evdokimov A.Ewigleben O.Eyser R.Fatemi S.Fazio P.Federic J.Fedorisin C.J.Feng Y.Feng P.Filip E.Finch Y.Fisyak A.Francisco L.Fulek C.A.Gagliardi T.Galatyuk F.Geurts A.Gibson K.Gopal X.Gou d.Grosnick W.Guryn A.I.hamad A.hamed S.Harabasz J.W.Harris S.He W.He X.H.He Y.He S.Heppelmann S.Heppelmann N.Herrmann E.Hoffman L.Holub Y.Hong S.Horvat Y.Hu H.Z.Huang S.L.Huang T.Huang X.Huang T.J.Humanic P.Huo G.Igo d.Isenhower W.W.Jacobs C.Jena A.Jentsch Y.Ji J.Jia K.Jiang S.Jowzaee X.Ju E.G.Judd S.Kabana m.L.Kabir S.Kagamaster d.Kalinkin K.Kang d.Kapukchyan K.Kauder H.W.Ke d.Keane A.Kechechyan m.Kelsey Y.V.Khyzhniak d.P.Kikoła C.Kim B.Kimelman d.Kincses T.A.Kinghorn I.Kisel A.Kiselev m.Kocan L.Kochenda L.K.Kosarzewski L.Kramarik P.Kravtsov K.Krueger N.Kulathunga mudiyanselage L.Kumar S.Kumar R.Kunnawalkam Elayavalli J.H.Kwasizur R.Lacey S.Lan J.m.Landgraf J.Lauret A.Lebedev R.Lednicky J.H.Lee Y.H.Leung C.Li C.Li W.Li W.Li X.Li Y.Li Y.Liang R.Licenik T.Lin Y.Lin m.A.Lisa F.Liu H.Liu P.Liu P.Liu T.Liu X.Liu Y.Liu Z.Liu T.Ljubicic W.J.Llope R.S.Longacre N.S.Lukow S.Luo X.Luo G.L.ma L.ma R.ma Y.G.ma N.magdy R.majka d.mallick S.margetis C.markert H.S.matis J.A.mazer N.G.minaev S.mioduszewski B.mohanty I.mooney Z.moravcova d.A.morozov m.Nagy J.d.Nam md.Nasim K.Nayak d.Neff J.m.Nelson d.B.Nemes m.Nie G.Nigmatkulov T.Niida L.V.Nogach T.Nonak Christian University AbileneTX 796992 AGH University of Science and Technology FPACSCracow 30-059Poland Alikhanov Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC"Kurchatov Institute" MoscowRussia 117218 Argonne National Laboratory ArgonneIL 60439 American University of Cairo New CairoNew Cairo 11835Egypt Brookhaven National Laboratory UptonNY 11973 University of California BerkeleyCA 94720 University of California DavisCA 95616 University of California Los AngelesCA 90095 University of California RiversideCA 92521 Central China Normal University Wuhan 430079 University of Illinois at Chicago ChicagoIL 60607 Creighton University OmahaNE 68178 Czech Technical University in Prague FNSPEPrague 11519Czech Republic Technische Universitat darmstadt Darmstadt 64289Germany ELTE Eotvos Lorand University Budapest 1117Hungary Frankfurt Institute for advanced Studies FIAS Frankfurt 60438Germany Fudan University Shanghai 200433 University of Heidelberg 69120 HeidelbergGermany University of Houston HoustonTX 77204 Huzhou University Huzhou 313000 Indian Institute of Science Education and Research(IISER) Berhampur 760010India Indian Institute of Science Education and Research(IISER)Tirupati Tirupati 517507India Indian Institute Technology PatnaBihar 801106India Indiana University BloomingtonIN 47408 Institute of modern Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000 University of Jammu Jammu 180001India Joint Institute for Nuclear Research DubnaRussia 141980 Kent State University KentOH 44242 University of Kentucky LexingtonKY 40506-0055 Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory BerkeleyCA 94720 Lehigh University BethlehemPA 18015 max-Planck-Institut fur Physik 80805 MunichGermany michigan State University East LansingMI 48824 National Research Nuclear University mEPhI MoscowRussia 115409 National Institute of Science Education and Research HBNIJatni 752050India National Cheng Kung University Tainan 70101 Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS Rez 25068Czech Republic Ohio State University

In 2018,the STAR collaboration collected data from^(96)_(44)Ru+^(96)_(44)Ru and^(96)_(40)Zr+^(96)_(40)Zr at√^(S)NN=200 Ge V to search for the presence of the chiral magnetic effect in collisions of *** isobar collision species alternated frequently between 9644 Ru+^(96)_(44)Ru and^(96)_(40)Zr+^(96)_(40)*** order to conduct blind analyses of studies related to the chiral magnetic effect in these isobar data,STAR developed a three-step blind analysis *** are initially provided a"reference sample"of data,comprised of a mix of events from the two species,the order of which respects time-dependent changes in run *** tuning analysis codes and performing time-dependent quality assurance on the reference sample,analysts are provided a species-blind sample suitable for calculating efficiencies and corrections for individual≈30-min data-taking *** this sample,species-specific information is disguised,but individual output files contain data from a single isobar *** run-by-run corrections and code alteration subsequent to these corrections are allowed at this *** these modifications,the"frozen"code is passed over the fully un-blind data,completing the blind *** a check of the feasibility of the blind analysis procedure,analysts completed a"mock data challenge,"analyzing data from Au+Au collisions at√^(S)NN=27 Ge V,collected in *** Au+Au data were prepared in the same manner intended for the isobar blind *** details of the blind analysis procedure and results from the mock data challenge are presented.

关键词： Blind analysis Chiral magnetic effect Heavy-ion collisions

The diagnostic Accuracy of Automated Fetal Heart Echocardiography by Five dimensional Compared to Two-dimensional Ultrasound in the Second Trimester of Pregnancy

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2018年第5期8卷 513-520页

作者： Rehab m. Abdelrahman ahmed R. m. Ramy Amr m. Abdelhady department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Maternity Hospital Ain Shams University Cairo Egypt Fetal Care Unit Ain Shams University Cairo Egypt

Objective: To compare the diagnostic accuracy of Fetal Intelligent Navigation Echocardiography (FINE) method by Five-dimensional Ultrasound in automated fetal heart examination to conventional fetal heart examination by Two-dimensional ultrasound in second trimester pregnancy. methods: 90 normal singleton pregnancies at the second trimester were enrolled in this prospective study. Fetal heart was examined by Two-dimensional Ultrasound (2d US) and Five-dimensional Ultrasound (FINE). Paired numerical data were compared using the paired samples t test. Inter-method agreement for the rating of the quality of cardiac views by 2d US or 5d US was assessed by calculation of the prevalence-adjusted and bias-adjusted kappa coefficient (PABAK). Results: There was no statistical significant difference between fetal heart echocardiography assessment using 2dUS or 5dUS(FINE) (p-value > 0.05). The overall inter-method agreement between 2d US and 5d US was 0.92. The difference in % of satisfactory views between 2d and 5d US was 1.73%, (95% CI - 0.5% to 3.33%) (P-value = 0.144). Conclusion: Our findings indicate the accuracy of 5dUS (FINE) echocardiography in evaluation of normal heart in the second trimester of pregnancy.

关键词： Fetal Heart Echocardiography Fetal Intelligent Navigation Echocardiography 5dUS

Analysis of Object depth Effects on Accuracy of dimensional Shape in X and Y directions Using Single Non-metric Image

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Geo-Spatial Information Science 2007年第4期10卷 269-275页

作者： Tarek m.A. ZHU Qing State Kay Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying Mapping and Remote Sensing Wuhan University Wuhan 430079 China

In general, to reconstruct the accurate shape of buildings, we need at least one stereomodel （two photographs） for each building. In most cases, however, only a single non-metric photograph is available, which is usually obtained either by an amateur, such as a tourist, or from a newspaper or a post card. To evaluate the validity of 3d reconstruction from a single non-metric image, this study analyzes the effects of object depth on the accuracy of dimensional shape in X and Y directions using a single non-metric image by means of simulation technique, as this was considered to be, in most cases, a main source of data acquisition in recording and documenting buildings.

关键词： single non-metric image reconstruction object depth accuracy dimensional shape