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A New Reward System Based on Human Demonstrations for Hard Exploration Games

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Computers, materials & Continua 2022年第2期70卷 2401-2414页

作者： Wadhah Zeyad Tareq mehmet fatih amasyali Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Yildiz Technical UniversityIstanbul34220Turkey

The main idea of reinforcement learning is evaluating the chosen action depending on the current reward.According to this concept,many algorithms achieved proper performance on classic Atari 2600 games.The main challenge is when the reward is sparse or missing.Such environments are complex exploration environments likemontezuma’s Revenge,Pitfall,and Private Eye games.Approaches built to deal with such challenges were very demanding.This work introduced a different reward system that enables the simple classical algorithm to learn fast and achieve high performance in hard exploration environments.moreover,we added some simple enhancements to several hyperparameters,such as the number of actions and the sampling ratio that helped improve performance.We include the extra reward within the human demonstrations.After that,we used Prioritized Double Deep Q-Networks(Prioritized DDQN)to learning from these demonstrations.Our approach enabled the Prioritized DDQNwith a short learning time to finish the first level of montezuma’s Revenge game and to perform well in both Pitfall and Private Eye.We used the same games to compare our results with several baselines,such as the Rainbow and Deep Q-learning from demonstrations(DQfD)algorithm.The results showed that the new rewards system enabled Prioritized DDQN to out-perform the baselines in the hard exploration games with short learning time.

关键词： Deep reinforcement learning human demonstrations prioritized double deep q-networks atari

A comparative analysis of text representation, classification and clustering methods over real project proposals

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International Journal of Intelligent Computing and Cybernetics 2023年第3期16卷 595-628页

作者： meltem Aksoy Seda Yanık mehmet fatih amasyali Industrial Engineering Department Istanbul Technical UniversityIstanbulTurkey Computer Engineering Department Yıldız Technical UniversityIstanbulTurkey

Purpose-When a large number of project proposals are evaluated to alocate available funds,grouping them based on their simiarites is benefciaL.Current approaches to group proposals are primarily based on manual matching of similar topics,discipline areas and keywordls declared by project applicants.When the number of proposals increases,this task becomes complex and requires excessive time.This paper aims to demonstrate how to ffctively use the rich information in the titles and abstracts of Turkish project propsals to group them atmaially.Design/methodology/approach-This study proposes a model that effectively groups Turkish project proposals by combining word embedding,clustering and classification technigues.The proposed model uses FastText,BERT and term frequency/inverse document frequency(TF/IDF)word-embedding techniques to extract terms from the titles and abstracts of project proposals in Turkish.The extracted terms were grouped using both the clustering and classification techniques.Natural groups contained within the corpus were discovered using k-means,k-means++,k-medoids and agglomerative clustering algorithms,Additionally,this study employs classification approaches to predict the target class for each document in the corpus.To classify project proposals,var ious classifiers,including k nearest neighbors(KNN),support vector machines(SVm),artificial neural networks(ANN),cassftcation and regression trees(CART)and random forest(RF),are used.Empirical experiments were conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method by using real data from the Istanbul Development Agency.Findings-The results show that the generated word embeddings an fftvely represent proposal texts as vectors,and can be used as inputs for dustering or casificatiomn algorithms.Using clustering algorithms,the document corpus is divided into five groups.In adition,the results demonstrate that the proposals can easily be categoried into predefmned categories using cassifiation algorithms.SVm-Linear achieved the highest predicti

关键词： Project proposal selection Text mining Word embedding Text clustering Text classification

Cancer drug resistance in multiple myeloma

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Cancer Drug Resistance 2022年第2期5卷 271-276页

作者： fatih m.Uckun Departmens of Oncology and Developmental Therapeutics Ares PharmaceuticalsSt.PaulMN 55110USA Departmens of Translational Oncology Reven PharmaceuticalsWestminsterCO 80234USA.

INTRODUCTION multiple myeloma(mm)is the second most common hematologic malignancy after non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma.Intrinsic and acquired drug resistance of cancer cells to standard drugs is a major obstacle for a more successful survival outcome of mm patients treated on contemporary clinical protocols.The primary purpose of this special issue on“Drug Targets and Resistance mechanisms in multiple myeloma”was to collect new and transformative information regarding new insights about the mechanisms of drug resistance in mm and the role of the tumor microenvironment in treatment failures.

关键词： drug myeloma drugs

Tyrosine kinases in KmT2A/mLL-rearranged acute leukemias as potential therapeutic targets to overcome cancer drug resistance

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Cancer Drug Resistance 2022年第4期5卷 902-916页

作者： fatih m.Uckun Sanjive Qazi Ares Pharmaceuticals St.PaulMN 55110USA

Aim:The main goal of this study was to elucidate at the transcript level the tyrosine kinase expression profiles of primary leukemia cells from mixed lineage leukemia 1 gene rearranged(KmT2A/mLL-R+)acute myeloid leukemia(AmL)and acute lymphoblastic leukemia(ALL)patients.methods:We evaluated protein tyrosine kinase(PTK)gene expression profiles of primary leukemic cells in KmT2A/mLL-R+AmL and ALL patients using publicly available archived datasets.Results:Our studies provided unprecedented evidence that the genetic signatures of KmT2A/mLL-R+AmL and ALL cells are characterized by transcript-level overexpression of specific PTK.In infants,children and adults with KmT2A/mLL-R+ALL,as well as pediatric patients with KmT2A/mLL-R+AmL,the gene expression levels for FLT3,BTK,SYK,JAK2/JAK3,as well as several SRC family PTK were differentially amplified.In adults with KmT2A/mLLR+AmL,the gene expression levels for SYK,JAK family kinase TYK2,and the SRC family kinases FGR and HCK were differentially amplified.Conclusion:These results provide new insights regarding the clinical potential of small molecule inhibitors of these PTK,many of which are already FDA/EmA-approved for other indications,as components of innovative multimodality treatment platforms against KmT2A/mLL-R+acute leukemias.

关键词： AmL ALL mLL gene tyrosine kinase Leukemia

Seed,germination,and seed-reserve traits differ along an altitudinal gradient

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Journal of Forestry Research 2022年第6期33卷 1903-1912页

作者： muhammet Tonguç Sercan Önder Nesrin Gülcemal fatih Tonguç Faculty of Agriculture Department of Agricultural BiotechnologyIsparta University of Applied Sciences32260 IspartaTurkey Faculty of Forestry Department of Forest EngineeringIsparta University of Applied Sciences32260 IspartaTurkey

Turkish red pine(P inus brutia Ten.), an important pine species for afforestation studies, grows at a wide range of altitudes in the eastern mediterranean area. Seeds from low(0–400 m a.s.l.), mid(400–800 m) and high(800–1000 m) altitudinal gradients were collected to assess the effects of these gradients on morphological traits(seed length, seed width, 100-seed weight), germination variables(germination percentage and mean germination time), and 10biochemical variables related to seed reserves. Relationships among these variables were examined with a correlation analysis. Seeds from low and high altitudes had significantly higher 100-seed weight, higher percentage germination but longer germination times and higher total oil and reducing sugars contents. Seeds from mid altitudes had higher carotenoid and soluble phenolics contents. Among the examined biochemical variables, only flavonoid content did not differ among the altitude gradients. The main fatty acids in seeds samples(linoleic, oleic, palmitic and stearic acids) were also influenced by the altitude gradients. Oil and total reducing sugars contents were positively correlated with germination percentage, and carotenoid content was negatively correlated with germination percentage. Our results confirmed that seed and germination variables, including the reserve composition varied significantly among the altitudinal gradients.

关键词： Elevation Germination Pine Seed Seed reserves

Bladder stone due to late clip migration after prostatic urethral lift procedure: A case report

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2023年第30期11卷 7457-7462页

作者： Ali Seydi Bozkurt Ozgur Ekici Ercüment Keskin fatih Kocoglu Department of Urology Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University School of MedicineErzincan 24000Turkey

BACKGROUND Prostatic urethral lift(PUL)therapy is an alternative to minimally invasive and other surgeries in younger patients who want to preserve their sexual and ejaculatory functions,and in elderly male patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia who cannot be anesthetized because of the risk of anesthesia.The procedure can be performed as an outpatient and without anesthesia,and complications are few and temporary.In long-term follow-up,encrustations that require retreatment are rarely seen.CASE SUmmARY In our case,a 62-year-old prostate patient who had a PUL operation 8 years ago and had a stone on the PUL material near the bladder neck was treated.The patient’s stone was removed by endoscopic cystolithotripsy using pneumatic fragmentation.Bipolar transurethral resection of the prostate was applied to the patient in the same session.After the patient’s 7-year follow-up,the patient’s complaints relapsed,and cystoscopy was performed again.In cystoscopy,stone formation adjacent to the wall was observed at the junction of the bladder neck to the left lateral wall.The stone was fragmented with a pneumatic lithotripter.CONCLUSION Placing clips too close to bladder neck in the PUL procedure may result in clip migration.

关键词： Endoscopic cystolithotripsy Transurethral resection-P Urolift Bladder Stone Case report

Iatrogenic bladder neck rupture due to traumatic urethral catheterization: A case report

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2023年第30期11卷 7413-7417页

作者： Ozgur Ekici Ercüment Keskin fatih Kocoglu Ali Seydi Bozkurt Department of Urology Faculty of MedicineErzincan Binali Yıldırım UniversityErzincan 24000Turkey

BACKGROUND In this article,we present a case of iatrogenic bladder neck rupture due to catheter insertion in a 94-year-old comorbid male patient.CASE SUmmARY The patient,who had a urethral catheter inserted in the palliative service 3 d ago,was consulted because the catheter did not work.Because the fluid given to the bladder could not be recovered,computed tomography was performed,which revealed that the catheter had passed the bladder neck first into the retrovesical area then into the intraabdominal area.The appearance of the anterior urethra and verumontanum was normal at cystoscopy.However,extremely severe stenosis of the bladder neck,and perforated posterior wall of the urethral segment between the prostatic urethra and the bladder neck were observed.Internal urethrotomy was applied to the bladder neck with a urethrotome.An urethral catheter was sent over the guide wire into the bladder.The patient was followed in the palliative care service and the catheter was removed 7 d later.No extravasation was observed in the control urethrography.CONCLUSION Although catheter insertion is a simple and frequently performed procedure in hospitalized patients,it is necessary to avoid unnecessary extra-indication catheter insertion.

关键词： Bladder neck rupture Uretrhral catheterization Iatrogenic Extravasation False route Case report

Simulated and experimental studies of a multi-band symmetric metamaterial absorber with polarization independence for radar applications

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Chinese Physics B 2022年第5期31卷 703-710页

作者： Hema O.Ali Asaad m.Al-Hindawi Yadgar I.Abdulkarim Ekasit Nugoolcharoenlap Tossapol Tippo fatihÖzkan Alkurt Olcay Altintas muharrem Karaaslan Department of Communication Engineering Sulaimani Polytechnic UniversitySulaimani 46001Iraq medical Physics Department College of Medicals and Applied ScienceCharmo UniversityChamchamal 46023SulaimaniaIraq Department of Telecommunication Engineering Faculty of EngineeringRajamangala University of Technology RattanakosinPhutthamonthonNakornprathom 73170Thailand Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Iskenderun Technical UniversityHatay 31100Turkey

We develop a simple new design for a multi-band metamaterial absorber(mTmA)for radar applications.Computer Simulation Technology(CST)Studio Suite 2018 was used for the numerical analysis and absorption study.The simulated results show four high peaks at 5.6 GHz,7.6 GHz,10.98 GHz,and 11.29 GHz corresponding to absorption characteristics of 100%,100%,99%,and 99%,respectively.Furthermore,two different structures were designed and compared with the proposed mTmA.The proposed structure remained insensitive for any incident angle and polarization angle from 0°to60°.moreover,negative constitutive parameters were retrieved numerically.To support the simulated results,the proposed design was fabricated by using a computer numerical control-based printed circuit board prototyping machine and tested experimentally in a microwave laboratory.The absorption mechanism of the proposed mTmA is presented through the surface current and electric field distributions.The novelties of the proposed structure are a simple and new design,ease of fabrication,low cost,durability,suitability for real-time applications and long-term stability given the fabrication technique and non-destructive measurement method and very high absorption.The proposed structure has potential applications in C and X band frequency ranges.

关键词： multi-band metamaterials absorber polarization-independent negative parameters

Identification and targeting of CD22ΔE12 as a molecular RNAi target to overcome drug resistance in high-risk B-lineage leukemias and lymphomas

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Cancer Drug Resistance 2018年第1期1卷 30-47页

作者： fatih m.Uckun Sanjive Qazi AresmIT Biomedical Computational Strategies(ABCS) MinneapolisMN 55402USA Ares Pharmaceuticals LLCSt.PaulMN 55110USA Division of Hematology-Oncology Department of PediatricsUniversity of Southern California Keck School of Medicine(USC KSOM)Los AngelesCA 90027USA Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine(USC KSOM)Los AngelesCA 90027USA Bioinformatics Program Gustavus Adolphus CollegeSt.PeterMN 56082USA.

Aim:CD22ΔE12 as an oncogenic driver lesion in aggressive and drug-resistant B-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia(BPL)cells.The purpose of the present study was to identify the CD22ΔE12-specific signature transcriptome in human BPL cells and evaluate the clinical potential of a nanoscale formulation of CD22ΔE12-siRNA as an RNAi therapeutic against drug-resistant BPL.CD22ΔE12-siRNA nanoparticles significantly improved the event-free survival(EFS)outcome of NOD/SCID(NS)mice challenged with human BPL xenograft cells.methods:Gene expression and translational bioinformatics methods were applied to examine the expression of the CD22ΔE12-specific signature transcriptome in human BPL cells in subsets of BPL patients.Survival analysis for mice challenged with BPL cells and treated with CD22ΔE12 siRNA was performed using standard methods.Results:Leukemia cells from CD22ΔE12-Tg mice exhibit gene and protein expression profiles consistent with constitutive activation of multiple signaling networks,mimicking the profiles of relapsed BPL patients as well as newly diagnosed high-risk patients with BCR-ABL+/Philadelphia chromosome(Ph)+BPL as well as Ph-like BPL.A nanoscale formulation of CD22ΔE12-siRNA abrogated the in vivo clonogenicity of the leukemia-initiating leukemic cell fraction in xenograft specimens derived from patients with relapsed BPL and significantly improved the EFS outcome of NS mice challenged with drug-resistant human BPL xenograft cells.Conclusion:The CD22-RNAi technology is applicable to all BPL patients both high risk and standard risk.That is because CD22ΔE12 is a characteristic feature of drug-resistant leukemic clones that escape chemotherapy and cause relapse in both high risk and low risk subgroups of patients.The technology therefore has the potential(1)for prevention of relapses by selectively killing the clones that are most likely to escape chemotherapy and cause relapse as well(2)for treatment of relapses in BPL.This research project may also lead to innovative salvage regimens against other f

关键词： Cancer leukemia RNA interference nanomedicine personalized medicine driver lesion