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Geochemistry of metasedimentary rocks of the Sonakhan and mahakoshal greenstone belts,Central India:Implications for paleoweathering,paleogeography and mechanisms of greenstone belt development

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Acta Geochimica 2022年第1期41卷 64-83页

作者： Hamidullah wani m.E.A.mondal Iftikhar Ahmad Department of Geology Government Degree College for Women PulwamaJammu and Kashmir 192301India Department of Geology Aligarh Muslim UniversityAligarhUttar Pradesh 202002India

A comparative study of the Precambrian Sonakhan(SGB)and mahakoshal(mGB)greenstones belts of Central India has been undertaken to decipher their provenance,paleoweathering,paleogeography,and *** compared to the Upper Continental Crust(UCC),the mGB samples are enriched while the SGB samples are depleted in mafic elements indicating the presence of mafic rocks in the source of the *** is complemented by the Ni–Cr *** REE concentrations,LREE fractionated patterns and negative Eu anomalies of the mGB and SGB samples indicate derivation of sediments from a highly fractionated granitic *** mGB samples also contain the geochemical signature of mafic rocks,it is,therefore proposed that the mGB clastic load were derived from two sources(mafic+felsic)with arc *** is attested by Cr and Zr relationships,and LILE enrichment,and HfSE *** features suggest that the SGB developed as autochthonous while the mGB developed as an allochthonous *** chemical alteration indices such as chemical index of alteration(CIA),plagioclase index of alteration(PIA),and index of compositional variability for mGB samples indicate that they were dominantly derived as the first cycle(with minor recycled)sediments from bimodal sources(dominantly continental arcs)by intense chemical weathering as compared to the SGB samples,which were derived from felsic sources(dominantly cratonic rocks),and partly by recycling through a low chemical *** CIA and PIA values of the samples reveal a change in the climatic conditions from Late Archean to Late *** change is interpreted in terms of migration of the Indian plate from high latitudes in the Late Archean to lower latitudes during the Late *** is consistent with the paleomagnetic data that placed India in the configuration of 2.45 Ga Ur and 1.78 Ga Columbia supercontinents.

关键词： Central Indian Shield Sonakhan and mahakoshal greenstone belts Paleoweathering and paleogeography Greenstone belt development

A new cluster validity index using maximum cluster spread based compactness measure

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International Journal of Intelligent Computing and Cybernetics 2016年第2期9卷 179-204页

作者： m.Arif wani Romana Riyaz Postgraduate Department of Computer Science University of KashmirSrinagarIndia

Purpose-The most commonly used approaches for cluster validation are based on indices but the majority of the existing cluster validity indices do not work well on data sets of different *** purpose of this paper is to propose a new cluster validity index(ARSD index)that works well on all types of data ***/methodology/approach-The authors introduce a new compactness measure that depicts the typical behaviour of a cluster where more points are located around the centre and lesser points towards the outer edge of the cluster.A novel penalty function is proposed for determining the distinctness measure of *** linear search-algorithm is employed to evaluate and compare the performance of the five commonly known validity indices and the proposed validity *** values of the six indices are computed for all nc ranging from(nc_(min),nc_(max))to obtain the optimal number of clusters present in a data *** data sets used in the experiments include shaped,Gaussian-like and real data ***-Through extensive experimental study,it is observed that the proposed validity index is found to be more consistent and reliable in indicating the correct number of clusters compared to other validity *** is experimentally demonstrated on 11 data sets where the proposed index has achieved better ***/value-The originality of the research paper includes proposing a novel cluster validity index which is used to determine the optimal number of clusters present in data sets of different complexities.

关键词： Clustering Cluster analysis Cluster validity Compactness measure Optimal number Distinctness measure

Optimization of deep network models through fine tuning

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International Journal of Intelligent Computing and Cybernetics 2018年第3期11卷 386-403页

作者： m.Arif wani Saduf Afzal Postgraduate Department of Computer Science University of KashmirSrinagarIndia University of Kashmir SrinagarIndia

Purpose–many strategies have been put forward for training deep network models,however,stacking of several layers of non-linearities typically results in poor propagation of gradients and *** purpose of this paper is to explore the use of two steps strategy where initial deep learning model is obtained first by unsupervised learning and then optimizing the initial deep learning model by fine tuning.A number of fine tuning algorithms are explored in this work for optimizing deep learning *** includes proposing a new algorithm where Backpropagation with adaptive gain algorithm is integrated with Dropout technique and the authors evaluate its performance in the fine tuning of the pretrained deep ***/methodology/approach–The parameters of deep neural networks are first learnt using greedy layer-wise unsupervised *** proposed technique is then used to perform supervised fine tuning of the deep neural network *** experimental study is performed to evaluate the performance of the proposed fine tuning technique on three benchmark data sets:USPS,Gisette and *** authors have tested the approach on varying size data sets which include randomly chosen training samples of size 20,50,70 and 100 percent from the original data ***–Through extensive experimental study,it is concluded that the two steps strategy and the proposed fine tuning technique significantly yield promising results in optimization of deep network ***/value–This paper proposes employing several algorithms for fine tuning of deep network model.A new approach that integrates adaptive gain Backpropagation(BP)algorithm with Dropout technique is proposed for fine tuning of deep *** and comparison of various algorithms proposed for fine tuning on three benchmark data sets is presented in the paper.

关键词： Dropout Deep neural network Contrastive divergence fine tuning of deep neural network Restricted Boltzmann machine Unsupervised pretraining Backpropagation

Carbon dioxide adsorption and cycloaddition reaction of epoxides using chitosan–graphene oxide nanocomposite as a catalyst

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2018年第7期30卷 77-84页

作者： Santosh Kumar mohmmad Y.wani Joonseok Koh Joao m.Gil Abilio J.f.N.Sobral Chemistry Center Department of ChemistryUniversity of CoimbraCoimbra 3004-535Portugal Department of Organic and Nano System Engineering Konkuk UniversitySeoul 143-701Republic of Korea CfisUC Department of PhysicsUniversity of CoimbraCoimbra 3004-516Portugal

One of today＇s major challenges is to provide green materials for a cleaner environment. We have conducted studies on carbon dioxide（CO2） adsorption and conversion to valuable products by an ecofriendly approach based in chitosan/graphene oxide（CSGO） nanocomposite film. Rheological behavior indicates that the CSGO has a better solvation property than the pure chitosan. An adsorption capacity of 1.0152 mmol CO2/g of CSGO nanocomposite at4.6 bar was observed. The catalytic behavior of the CSGO nanocomposite in the presence of tetra-n-butylammonium iodide（n-Bu4 NI） as co-catalyst was evaluated for the cycloaddition of CO2 to epoxides, to give cyclic carbonates, in the absence of any solvent. These results strongly suggest that the CSGO nanocomposite may open new vistas towards the development of ecofriendly material for catalytic conversion and adsorption of CO2 on industrial scale.

关键词： Chitosan Graphene oxide Adsorption Conversion Carbon dioxide

Neurogenesis dynamics in the olfactory bulb:deciphering circuitry organization, function, and adaptive plasticity

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1565-1581页

作者： moawiah m.Naffaa Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Duke UniversityDurhamNCUSA Department of Cell Biology Duke University School of MedicineDurhamNCUSA

Adult neurogenesis persists after birth in the subventricular zone, with new neurons migrating to the granule cell layer and glomerular layers of the olfactory bulb, where they integrate into existing circuitry as inhibitory interneurons. The generation of these new neurons in the olfactory bulb supports both structural and functional plasticity, aiding in circuit remodeling triggered by memory and learning processes. However, the presence of these neurons, coupled with the cellular diversity within the olfactory bulb, presents an ongoing challenge in understanding its network organization and function. moreover,the continuous integration of new neurons in the olfactory bulb plays a pivotal role in regulating olfactory information processing. This adaptive process responds to changes in epithelial composition and contributes to the formation of olfactory memories by modulating cellular connectivity within the olfactory bulb and interacting intricately with higher-order brain regions. The role of adult neurogenesis in olfactory bulb functions remains a topic of debate. Nevertheless, the functionality of the olfactory bulb is intricately linked to the organization of granule cells around mitral and tufted cells. This organizational pattern significantly impacts output, network behavior, and synaptic plasticity, which are crucial for olfactory perception and memory. Additionally, this organization is further shaped by axon terminals originating from cortical and subcortical regions. Despite the crucial role of olfactory bulb in brain functions and behaviors related to olfaction, these complex and highly interconnected processes have not been comprehensively studied as a whole. Therefore, this manuscript aims to discuss our current understanding and explore how neural plasticity and olfactory neurogenesis contribute to enhancing the adaptability of the olfactory system. These mechanisms are thought to support olfactory learning and memory, potentially through increased

关键词： network adaptability neurogenesis neuronal communication olfactory bulb olfactory learning olfactory memory synaptic plasticity

Pullulan production by Aureobasidium pullulans mTCC 1991 from apple pomace and its characterization

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food Bioscience 2023年第1期51卷 1380-1387页

作者： Shoib mohmad wani f.A.masoodi Sajad Ahmad mir f.A.Khanday Department of Biotechnology University of KashmirHazratbal SrinagarJ&K190006India Department of food Science&Technology University of KashmirHazratbal SrinagarJ&K190006India

Apple pomace,a by-product of the apple juice processing industry,is significant agro-based waste in the Union Territory of Jammu&Kashmir,India.A considerable amount of apple is processed for juice production,resulting in a surplus of apple pomace,which is generally *** study utilized apple pomace as a substrate matrix for producing pullulan by applying Aureobasidium pullulans mTCC ***-state fermentation was done at a lab scale in Erlenmeyer flasks to produce this *** suitable conditions for solid-state fermentation of apple pomace were:a solid-liquid ratio of 1:4,inoculum volume of 3 mL,pH 6 and incubation time of 14 days.A yield of 42 mg/g dw was obtained in the control sample without adding any other nutrients or *** addition of yeast extract at a concentration of 1%(w/w)and sucrose(5%w/w)significantly(pmg/g dw and 75 mg/g dw,*** purified pullulan had similar characteristics to that of standard pullulan,as confirmed by ATR-fTIR,H NmR and TLC *** production from apple pomace can be a better way to utilize this by-product from the apple juice *** will be a cost-effective technique for pullulan production as an inexpensive substrate and an environmentally friendly approach are also used.

关键词： Biopolymer microbial polysaccharide Agro-based waste Solid state fermentation Waste utilization

mitochondria–cGAS–STING axis is a potential therapeutic target for senescence-dependent inflammaging-associated neurodegeneration

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第3期20卷 805-807页

作者： Josém.Izquierdo Centro de Biología molecular Severo Ochoa(CBm) Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid(CSIC-UAM)MadridSpain

The word “senescence” comes from the Latin senescens, meaning “to begin to age”, and is characterized by a long-lasting but reversible block in proliferation, resulting from stress-induced cell cycle arrest of pre... 详细信息

关键词： Latin potential lasting

Self-focusing/Defocusing of Chirped Gaussian Laser Beam in Collisional Plasma with Linear Absorption

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2016年第9期65卷 349-354页

作者： manzoor Ahmad wani Niti Kant Department of Physics Lovely Professional University

This paper presents an investigation on the self-focusing/defocusing of chirped Gaussian laser beam in collisional plasma with linear absorption. We have derived the differential equation for the beam width parameter by using WKB and paraxial approximations and solved it numerically. The effect of chirp and other laser plasma parameters is seen on the behavior of beam width parameter with dimensionless distance of propagation. The results are discussed and presented graphically. Our simulation results show that the amplitude of oscillations decreases with the distance of propagation. Due to collisional frequency, the laser beam shows fast divergence which can be minimized by the introduction of chirp parameter. The chirp decreases the effect of defocusing and increases the ability of self-focusing of laser beam in collisional plasma.

关键词： self-focusing/defocusing chirped Gaussian laser beam collisional plasma linear absorption

Complement-dependent neuroinflammation in spinal cord injury:from pathology to therapeutic implications

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第5期20卷 1324-1335页

作者： Hassan Saad Bachar El Baba Ali Tfaily firas Kobeissy Juanmarco Gutierrez Gonzalez Daniel Refai Gerald R.Rodts Christian mustroph David Gimbel Jonathan Grossberg Daniel L.Barrow matthew f.Gary Ali m.Alawieh Department of Neurosurgery Emory University School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA Department of Neurology Yale UniversityNew HavenCTUSA Center for Neurotrauma Multiomics&Biomarkers(CNMB)Morehouse School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA

Spinal cord injury remains a major cause of disability in young adults,and beyond acute decompression and rehabilitation,there are no pharmacological treatments to limit the progression of injury and optimize recovery in this *** the thorough investigation of the complement system in triggering and propagating cerebral neuroinflammation,a similar role for complement in spinal neuroinflammation is a focus of ongoing *** this work,we survey the current literature investigating the role of complement in spinal cord injury including the sources of complement proteins,triggers of complement activation,and role of effector functions in the *** study relevant data demonstrating the different triggers of complement activation after spinal cord injury including direct binding to cellular debris,and or activation via antibody binding to damage-associated molecular *** effector functions of complement have been implicated in spinal cord injury,and we critically evaluate recent studies on the dual role of complement anaphylatoxins in spinal cord injury while emphasizing the lack of pathophysiological understanding of the role of opsonins in spinal cord *** this pathophysiological review,we systematically review the different translational approaches used in preclinical models of spinal cord injury and discuss the challenges for future translation into human *** review emphasizes the need for future studies to dissect the roles of different complement pathways in the pathology of spinal cord injury,to evaluate the phases of involvement of opsonins and anaphylatoxins,and to study the role of complement in white matter degeneration and regeneration using translational strategies to supplement genetic models.

关键词： complement neuroinflammation neuroplasticity regeneration spinal cord injury targeted therapy