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<i>Nymphaea lotus</i>L. and <i>Nymphaea micrantha</i>Guill. et Perr Seeds as Cereal Substitute in the delta of Senegal River

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2020年第5期11卷 375-384页

作者： Fatou Kine gueye Nicolas Cyrille Ayessou mame Samba mbaye michel Bakar diop mady Cissé Kandioura Noba Laboratoire de Botanique-Biodiversité Biologie Végétale University Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar Senegal Laboratoire d’Electrochimie et des Procédés membranaires/Centre d’Etudes sur la Sécurité Alimentaire et les molécules Fonctionnelles-Ecole Supérieure Polytechnique University Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar Senegal unité de formation et de Recherche des Sciences Agronomiques de l’Aquaculture et des Technologies Alimentaires University Gaston Berger Saint-Louis Senegal

Studies conducted in the delta and lower valley of Senegal river have demonstrated through ethnobotanical surveys, the importance of Nymphaea lotus L. and Nymphaea micrantha Guill. et Perr in the diet and in the pharmacopoeia. The seeds are used with good appreciation by the indigenous population as a welding food. But studies addressing their biochemical and nutritional aspects are still very rare in the literature. This study was initiated in order to fill this gap and allow a better appreciation of the nutritional and energetic potentialities of these seeds. For this purpose, seeds were collected in effluent from the Senegal River, dried in the shade and put into three different batches: a batch of red seeds of N. lotus, a batch of Black seeds of N. lotus and a batch of seeds of N. micrantha. The biochemical analyses gave their moisture content (9.17% ± 0.2% to 13.36% ± 3.46%), aw (0.46% to 0.71%), protein (7.90% ± 1.25% to 8.24% ± 0.5%), lipid (2.32% ± 0.45% to 4.29% ± 1.0%), carbohydrate (74.49% ± 0.9% and 77.66% ± 1.65%), mineral matter (1.77% ± 0.06% to 2.55% ± 0.08%). All three types of seeds have high levels of potassium (481.10% ± 17.62% to 770.81% ± 42.33%), magnesium (312.71% ± 14.08% to 518.67% ± 15.23%) and calcium (188.81% ± 8.52% to 296.52% ± 16%. Their energy values (350.54 ± 15.21 kcal/100g to 375.7 ± 3.48 Kcal/100g), are closed to other cereals consumed in the human diet in Senegal. Therefore, these seeds offer the opportunity to diversify the diet in the delta and lower valley of the Senegal River.

关键词： Nymphaea Seeds Nutritional Value Senegal

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dEXA Contribution in Bone densitometry Evaluation on Osteoporosis in Senegal: Results of a Study Realized in African Black Populations

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Open Journal of Rheumatology and Autoimmune diseases 2016年第4期6卷 85-95页

作者： Ndèye marième diagne-gueye Thierno Oumar Soko Bineta Ndiaye Ismaïla diedhiou Abdou-Rajack Ndiaye Service de médecine Polyvalente Services Médicaux Hopital Principal de Dakar Dakar Sénégal

Osteoporosis, a public health problem is able to occur severe fractures and its prevalence increases in developing countries. Several factors involved in its pathogenesis. These factors are: Heredity, elderly, race, ethnicity, hormones, physical inactivity, sunlight exposure, vitamin d deficiency and certain drugs. In Africa, few data are available and the disease prevalence is maybe underestimated. In Senegal, measure of bone mineral density is recent. In this study, our objective was to determine dEXA patients profile and epidemiological, clinical characteristics of patients for densitometry examination. Thus, 43 cases were collected;lumbar and femoral sites were evaluated. median lumbar T-score was 0.91 and the femoral T-score was 0.16. Osteopenia was found in 35% of patients and osteoporosis in 26%. Bone mineral density was abnormal in 60% of cases. This study is another proof of documented reality of osteoporosis in Senegal. It determines frequency in a population at risk. For the future, it opens way for further larger studies to get better profile of the patients and prevalence osteoporosis in Senegal.

关键词： Osteoporosis Bone dEXA Africa Black Populations

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Identification of Natural and Artificial Colorants in Industrial Products marketed in Senegal

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2023年第12期14卷 1232-1243页

作者： Alé Kane Papa Am.d.u diakhaté Ngoné Fall Bèye Alioune Sow Coumba gueye Sagna mady Cissé Laboratoire des Sciences Biologiques Agronomiques Alimentaires et de Modélisation des Systèmes Complexes (LABAAM) Université Gaston Berger (UGB) Saint-Louis Sénégal département des Technologies Agroalimentaires UFR des Sciences Agronomiques de l’Aquaculture et des Technologies Alimentaires (S2ATA) Saint-Louis Sénégal Ecole Supérieure Polytechnique (ESP) Dakar Sénégal

Food colorants are widely used in the food industry to maintain or enhance product color. However, as the use of these colorants can have negative impacts on health, it is essential to analyze the risks associated with their consumption. This analysis requires, among other things, obtaining sufficient data on the presence of these colorants in foods, as well as their level of consumption. However, data on these colorants is often virtually non-existent in developing countries. The aim of this study was to determine the colorant profile of industrial products marketed in Senegal. Information on food additives was collected on 399 labels of different food product categories in shops located in dakar. data is recorded and processed using Excel software. Based on the Codex classification, analysis of the profile of additives identified on the labels of food samples revealed the presence of 31 colorants. The natural colorants identified are dominated by beta-carotene, widely present in beverages and dairy products, and paprika extract identified on cookies and industrial sauces. Artificial colors are dominated caramels present in several foods including bouillons, vinegars, sauces and hard candies. Secondly, there was a strong presence of the azo dye Sunset yellow FCF, widely found in samples of beverages, confectionery and cookies. The results of this case study enable us to appreciate the wide presence and diversity of colorants on the Senegalese market, and the importance of controlling them to guarantee consumer safety.

关键词： Colorant Artificial Natural Food Additives Food Safety

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Petrological and Structural Approach to understanding the mechanism of Formation and development of Paleoproterozoic Calc-Alkaline Volcanic Rocks of West Africa’s Craton: An Example of the mako and Foulde Groups (Kedougou Inlier in Western Senegal)

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International Journal of Geosciences 2015年第7期6卷 675-691页

作者： Adrien Gozo mahamadane diène dinna Pathé diallo Edmond dioh mam.d.u gueye Papa moussa Ndiaye département de Géologie Université Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar Senegal Institut des Sciences de la Terre Université Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar Senegal Institut Fondamental d’Afrique Noire (IFAN) Université Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar Senegal

The calc-alkaline volcanic formations in the western part of the Kedougou-Kenieba inlier crop out in three complexes: the Foulde in the North and the areas of mako and Baniomba in the South. These complexes which either combine with the tholeiites or cut across the sedimentary formations are composed of thin veins and massive lava flows. They have many petrographic similarities and show chemical characteristics that resemble those of island-arc rocks. At the tectonic level, the d1 deformation phase preceding the formation of the basins and the transpressive tectonics including an oblique convergence may account for the structural evolution of the mako volcanic belt. Its occurrence in different basins may be evidenced by the composition of some lithophilic components like the Sr, Ba, u, Rb and the composition of clinopyroxenes enriched in TiO2, FeO, Na2O in the Foulde calc-alkaline volcanic rocks that developed in a sedimentary environment.

关键词： Volcanism Calc-Alkaline Kedougou-Kenieba Inlier Tectonic Stress Transpressive Tectonics

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A New method for the determination of Cyanide Ions and Their Quantification in Some Senegalese Cassava Varieties

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American Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2014年第3期5卷 181-187页

作者： Younoussa diallo momar Talla gueye Cheikh Ndiaye mama Sakho Am.d.u Kane Jean Paul Barthelemy Georges Lognay département Génie Chimique et Biologie Appliquée Ecole Supérieure Polytechnique Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar Dakar Sénégal Institut de Technologie Alimentaire Route des Pères Maristes Dakar Sénégal unité Analyses Qualité Risques et Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech Université de Liège Gembloux Belgique

Cassava (manihot esculenta Crantz) is a starchy staple food that previous researches have showed to contain cyanogenic compounds, precursors of hydrocyanic acid, undoubtedly toxic for humans. With the aim to determine food security in cassava, this study developed a simple, fast and less expensive step for quantifying cyanide ions by using micro-diffusion with modified Conway cells. After an enzymatic degradation, the cyanide ions were quantified by electrochemical procedures. The validation of this method is estimated. The concentration of cyanide ions at different part of the samples was determined. The results showed high toxicity in some fresh Senegalese consumed cassava varieties (>100 mg HCN·kg﹣1). However, in the processed cassava products, less than 10 mg HCN·kg﹣1 was found in the different varieties studied except for the chips where the levels of CN﹣ contents were important (>49 mg HCN·kg﹣1).

关键词： Cassava Cyanogenic Glycosides Cyanide Ion micro-diffusion Toxicity

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Heart Failure in Children: Epidemiological, Etiological and diagnostic Aspects in diamniadio Children’s Hospital (Senegal)

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World Journal of Cardiovascular diseases 2020年第1期10卷 12-18页

作者： m. Leye I. Basse R. Godonou d. A. Affangla d. m. Ba N. N. diawara A. B. Sibabi Sibabi A. Phiri m. dioum F. diaby S. Akani K. gueye N. R. diagne B. m. diop unité de Formation et de Recherche en sciences de la santé Université de Thiès Thiès Sénégal Faculté de médecine de Pharmacie et d’odontologie Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar Dakar Sénégal

Introduction: Heart failure is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children. The authors aimed to report the epidemiological and etiological characteristics of heart failure (HF) in children in Senegal. Patients and methods: This was a retrospective study conducted at the Children’s Hospital of diamniadio (CHd) from 01-01-2016 to 31-12-2017. Children aged 0 to 15 years with heart failure confirmed by echocardiography were included. Results: Sixty-six children were admitted for heart failure. The prevalence of HF was 5.3‰. The mean age of the children was 41.59 months ± 53.35 months (range: 0 to 168 months). The 0 - 5 age group was the most represented (n = 48;72.72%). The HF concerned 38 boys and 28 girls, a sex ratio (m/F) of 1.36. The majority of our patients came from the semi-urban area (42.4%). The etiology of HF was represented in order of frequency by congenital heart disease, rheumatic heart disease and cardiomyopathy with 59.09% of cases, 22.73% of cases and 7.58% of cases respectively. It was unknown in 4.54% of the cases. At echocardiography, the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was impaired (less than 50%) in 19 patients, in 29.2% of cases with an average of 64% +/- 15.16% (extremes: 24% and 86%). Anemia was the comorbidity most commonly associated with their condition (n = 33%;50%). Conclusion: Heart failure in children is uncommon. The main etiology is represented by congenital heart disease.

关键词： Heart Failure Children Congenital Heart disease Senegal

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Numerical Study of 2-d Natural Convection in a Square Porous Cavity: Effect of Three mode Heating

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Open Journal of Fluid dynamics 2017年第1期7卷 89-104页

作者： Giovani Elie Baptista malomar Cheikh mbow Papa douta Tall Abdoulaye gueye Vieux Boukhaly Traore Aboubaker Chedikh Beye department of Physics Faculty of Science and Technology University Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar Senegal

The work we present in this paper is a continuation of a series of studies on the numerical study of natural convection in a square porous cavity saturated by a Newtonian fluid. The left vertical wall is subjected to a temperature varying sinusoidally in time while the right vertical wall is either at a constant temperature, or varying sinusoidally in time. The upper and lower horizontal walls are thermally adiabatic. darcy model is used, it is also assumed the fluid studied is incompressible and obeys the Boussinesq approximation. The focus is on the effect of the modulation frequency (10≤ ω≤100) on the structure of the flow and transfer thermal. The results show that the extremal stream functions (Ψmax et Ψmin), the average Nusselt number at the hot (Th) and cold (Tc) walls respectively Nuh and Nuc are periodic in the range of parameters considered in this study. In comparison with the constant heating conditions, it is found that the variable heating causes the appearance of secondary flow, whose amplification depends on the frequency of modulation of the imposed temperature but also of the heating mode. The results are shown in terms of streamlines and isotherms during a flow cycle.

关键词： Natural Convection Sinusoidal Temperature Porous media Numerical Study

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Prevalence of Renal Failure in Children and the Need for dialysis in Paediatric Nephrology in a developing Country

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Open Journal of Nephrology 2022年第1期12卷 101-111页

作者： Younoussa Keita Aliou A. Ndongo Fatou Ly Ndeye C. Cisse Liliane N. d. m. Yamba Babacar Niang djiby Seck Am.d.u Sow Ndeye F. Sow Abou Ba Indou d. Ly Aliou Thiongane Am.d.u L. Fall Idrissa d. Ba m.d.u gueye Pape m. Faye Assane Sylla Pediatric unit of Aristide Le dantec Hospital Dakar Senegal Pediatric unit of Pikine Hospital Dakar Senegal Pediatric unit of Albert Royer Hospital Dakar Senegal Pediatric unit of Abass Ndao Hospital Dakar Senegal Pediatric unit of dalal diam Hospital Dakar Senegal

Background: Renal failure is among the major visceral failures responsible for morbidity and mortality in children. Epidemiological data on renal failure in children are limited in sub-Saharan Africa, including Senegal. We conducted this study to assess the prevalence of renal failure (RF) and the need for dialysis in the paediatric nephrology unit. Patients and methods: This was a retrospective and descriptive study in the pediatric nephrology unit from 1st January 2020 to 30 June 2021, including children with acute or chronic RF. The need for dialysis was judged to be met by its effectiveness in face of an indication. The data collected were analysed on sphinx plus 2017 software. Results: The prevalence of RF was 60% (n/N = 132/220). RF was acute in 59% (n/N = 78/132) of cases. The mean age was 6.53 ± 4.77 years with a sex ratio of 1.8. The mean serum creatinine level was 27.22 mg/L (240.9 μmol/L) and BuN at 0.85 g/L. The aetiologies were dominated by prerenal AKI (Acute Kidney Injury) complicating nephrotic syndrome (NS) in 37.2% (n/N = 29/78) and dehydration due to stomach flu in 17.6% (n/N = 9/51). Acute post-infectious glomerulonephritis including group A streptococcus and plasm.d.um falciparum accounted for 16.7% (n = 13/78) of intrinsic AKI. The need for dialysis was unmet in 50% (n/N = 7/14) with a mortality of 14.1% (n/N = 11/78). The mean age of the patients with chronic RF was 8.68 ± 4.74 years with a sex ratio of 2.6. The mean serum creatinine level was 36.56 mg/L (323.5 μmol/L) and the BuN level was 0.99 g/L. Half of the children were classified as having CKd stage II (early stage). The aetiologies were dominated by primary focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), 53.7% (n/N = 29/54), renal hypoplasia, 22.2% (n/N = 12/54) and reflux nephropathy, 29.4% (n/N = 5/17). The need for dialysis was unmet in 46.1% (n/N = 6/13). The overall mortality of chronic kidney disease (CKd) with RF was 29.6% (n/N = 8/27). Conclusion: The prevalence of RF was high i

关键词： Renal Failure Glomerulonephritis Hypodysplasia dialysis Children

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Contribution of Electric Tomography, Chemical and Isotopic Tools to the understanding of the Resilience and Salinization of Wetlands along the Northern Coast of the Cape-Verde Peninsula: The Case of the Retba Lake

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2019年第9期7卷 36-57页

作者： mansour gueye Abdoul Aziz Gning mapathé Ndiaye Fatou diop Ngom Raymond malou El Hadj Sow Raphael Sarr département de Géologie Facultédes Sciences et TechniquesUniversité Cheikh Anta DiopDakarSénégal uFR Sciences de l’Ingénierie Université de ThièsThièsSénégal

On the northern coast of the Cape Verde peninsula, Lake Retba is one of the few depressions that have preserved its water body due to the drought that plagued the Sahel in the 1960s. The aim of this article is to understand the resilience of the lake to the drought. For this purpose, a deep knowledge of interactions between the different components of the hydro-system, namely: lake, dune tablecloth, ponds and ocean is necessary. The use of electrical resistivity tomography (ETR) and chemical and isotopic tools yielded conclusive results. Electrical tomography of resistivity (ETR) shows throughout the coastal dune a superposition between fresh and salt water, with even a predominance of salt water at the level of the old canal. The chemistry of the major ions and isotopes confirms this contact between the saltwater bison of the sea and the lake by showing a superposition of the fresh/brackish waters on the salty waters of the bevel, which, in turn, are found in the very salty waters influenced by the lake. This translates a feeding of the lake by the sea through the bevel. At the canal level, this feeding is done, on the surface, by means of ponds whose water characteristics show that they constitute an outcrop of the bevel. The freshwater body of the coastal dune that floats on salt water in the form of a lens also flows into the lake. The feeding of the lake, by the sea through the bevel and the ponds, and by the water table, is therefore effective and attested by all the methods used in this work. It allowed the resilience of the lake against the drought. This inflow of seawater into the lake is at the origin of its salinization and therefore of the salt that settles on the bottom. This study shows that the survival of the lake also depends on safeguarding the ponds located in the north of the lake.

关键词： Tomography Isotope Lake Ponds Aquifer Hydro System Salinization Resilience

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Quassia undulata Oil Exploitation: Extraction’s Yield, Phytochemical Profile of Seeds and Oilcake Nutritional Value

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2022年第2期13卷 136-146页

作者： Ndiaye Seyni Ndiaye Bou Cissé Oumar Ibn Khatab Cissé mady gueye mathieu Qi Zhang Ayessou Nicolas Cyrille mensah Center for Studies on Food Safety and Functional molecules (CESAm-RESCIF) ESP-UCAD Dakar Sénégal Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (OCRI-CAAS) Wuhan China Laboratoire umI 3189 Institut Fondamentale d’Afrique Noire (IFAN) Cheikh Anta Diop Département de Botanique et de Géologie Dakar Senegal

Quassia undulata is a plant that belongs to the Simaroubaceae family. In Africa, it occurs in the wooded savannah from Senegal in the west to the Central African Republic in the east. The seeds from the plant are very rich in oil. The traditional extraction of this oil involves a phase of boiling the powder from the seeds in a decoction of Piliostigma thonningii leaves. Thus, the aim of this study is to determine the impact of Piliostigma thonningii leaves on the extraction yield, to assess the phytochemical profile of seeds and oilcake and, to determine the nutritional value of the cakes obtained after extraction. Thus, the traditional extraction of oil was carried out in the laboratory and physico-chemical and phytochemical analyses were carried out on the water decoction, the oil and, the oilcake. The results showed that the traditional extraction gives a low extraction yield (5.18% with Pd and 6.12% without Pd) compared to the Soxhlet extraction (56.9%). On the other hand, it was found that oil obtained by traditional extraction in the presence of Piliostigma thonningii leaves was of better physicochemical quality. Finally, oilcake very rich in proteins (36.71% - 42.69%) and mineral elements (110.9 - 152.33 mg/100g of calcium, 544.75 - 620.77 mg/100g of Potassium and 331.11 - 459.68 mg/100g of magnesium) justify their use in human food. However, investigations should point to the impact of this traditional technique on the elimination of quassinoids, toxins and antihelminth compounds present in the seeds.

关键词： Quassia undulata Piliostigma thonningii Oil Extraction Phytochemical

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