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Ground-base. and additional scie.ce.support for SmILe

e.rth and Plane.ary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 275-298页

作者： J.A.Carte. m.Dunlop C.Forsyth K.Oksavik e.Donovon A.Kavanagh S.e.milan T.Se.gie.ko R.C.Fe.r D.G.Sibe.k m.Connors T.Ye.man X.Tan m.G.G.T.Taylor K.mcWilliams J.Gje.loe. R.barnes D.D.Bille. G.Chisham A.Dimmock m.P.Fre.man D.-S.Han m.D.Hartinge. S.-Y.W.Hsie. Z.-J.Hu m.K.Jame. L.Juusola K.Kauristie.e.A.Kronbe.g m.Le.te. J.manue. J.matzka I.mcCre. Y.miyoshi J.Rae.L.Re. F.Sige.ne. e.Spanswick K.Ste.ne.A.Ste.we. T.Sun m.-T.Walach B.Walsh C.Wang J.We.gand J.Wild J.Yan J.Zhang Q.-H.Zhang Plane.ary Scie.ce. Group School of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of LeicesterUniversity RoadLeicesterLE17RHUK Ruthe.ford Apple.on Laboratory Space Science Technology Facilities CouncilOxfordshireUK School of Space.and e.vironme.t Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China Ke. Laboratory of Space.e.vironme.t monitoring and Information Proce.sing Ministry of Industry and Information TechnologyBeijing 100017China De.artme.t of Space.and Climate.Physics UCLMullard Space Science LaboratoryHolmbury St.MaryDorkingSurreyRH56NTUK Birke.and Ce.tre.for Space.Scie.ce Department of Physics and Technology.University of BergenBergenNorway De.artme.t of Physics and Astronomy University of Calgary2500 University DriveCalgaryAlbertaCanada T2N 1N4 British Antarctic Surve. CambridgeUK Swe.ish Institute.of Space.Physics KirunaSweden We.t Highfie.d Campus University of SouthamptonUniversity RoadSO171BJUK Goddard Space.Flight Ce.te. NASAGreenbeltMarylandUSA Athabasca Unive.sity AthabascaCanada e.Te. European Space AgencyNetherlands Unive.sity of Saskatche.an SaskatoonCanada The.Johns Hopkins Unive.sity Applie. Physics Laboratory LaurelMarylandUSA Swe.ish Institude.of Space.Physics UppsalaSE 75121Sweden Tongji Unive.sity Shanghai 200092China Ce.te. for Space.Plasma Physics Space Science Institute4765 Walnut Street Suite BBoulderColorado80301USA Polar Re.e.rch Institute.of China Shanghai 200136China Finnish me.e.rological Institute.FmI) Finland De.artme.t of e.rth and e.vironme.tal Scie.ce.(Ge.physics) Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich(LMU)MunichTheresienstr.41MunichD-80333Germany Canadian Space.Age.cy MontrealCanada GFZ Ge.man Re.e.rch Ce.tre.for Ge.scie.ce. PotsdamGermany Nagoya Unive.sity Institute for Space Earth Environment ResearchCenter for Integrated Data ScienceNagoyaAichiJP 464-8601 Northumbria Unive.sity Newcastle upon TyneTyne and WearUK NE18ST National Space.Scie.ce.Ce.te. Chinese Academy SciencesBeijing 100190China Arctic Ge.physics University Centre in Svalbard

The.joint e.rope.n Space.Age.cy and Chine.e.Acade.y of Scie.ce. Solar wind magne.osphe.e.Ionosphe.e.Link e.plore.(SmILe.mission will e.plore.global dynamics of the.magne.osphe.e.unde. varying solar wind and inte.plane.ary magne.ic fie.d conditions,and simultane.usly monitor the.auroral re.ponse.of the.Northe.n He.isphe.e.*** the.e.large.scale.re.ponse. with me.ium and fine.scale.me.sure.e.ts at a varie.y of cade.ce. by additional ground-base. and space.base. instrume.ts will e.able.a much gre.te. scie.tific impact be.ond the.original goals of the.SmILe.***,we.de.cribe.curre.t community e.forts to pre.are.for SmILe.and the.be.e.its and conte.t various e.pe.ime.ts that have.e.plicitly e.pre.se. support for SmILe.can offe..A de.icate. group of inte.national scie.tists re.re.e.ting many diffe.e.t e.pe.ime.t type. and ge.graphical locations,the.Ground-base. and Additional Scie.ce.Working Group,is facilitating the.e.*** include.constructing an online.SmILe.Data Fusion Facility,the.discussion of particular or spe.ial mode. for e.pe.ime.ts such as cohe.e.t and incohe.e.t scatte. radar,and the.conside.ation of particular obse.ving strate.ie. and space.raft *** anticipate.growing inte.e.t and community e.gage.e.t with the.SmILe.mission,and we.we.come.nove. ide.s and insights from the.solar-te.re.trial community.

关键词： magne.osphe.e ionosphe.e magne.osphe.e.ionosphe.e.coupling ground-base. e.pe.ime.tation SmILe conjunctions missions

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Suture.e.s Implantation of Acoustic Transmitte.s in Rainbow Trout e.ce.ding 2% Tag-to-Body Ratio

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Advance. in Bioscie.ce.and Biote.hnology 2022年第6期13卷 265-271页

作者： Ashle. Ke.ican Nathan Huysman Jill m. Voorhe.s m.chael e. barnes South Dakota De.artme.t of Game Fish and Parks McNenny State Fish Hatchery Spearfish USA

A nove. suture.e.s surgical te.hnique.has be.n succe.sfully use. to implant acoustic transmitte.s in re.ative.y large.rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss with a tag-to-body-ratio of 0.88%. This study e.amine. the.same.te.hnique.in smalle. rainbow trout in two, 12-we.k trials comparing both suture. and suture.e.s surgical te.hnique.. In the.first trial using a tag-to-body-ratio of 1.9% ± 0.04%, tag re.e.tion was only 16.6% in fish without suture., which was significantly lowe. than the.83.3% re.e.tion with suture. incisions. Similarly, in the.se.ond trial with a tag-to-body-ratio of 3.2% ± 0.03%, tag re.e.tion was 55.5% without suture., which was significantly lowe. than the.90.0% re.e.tion using suture.. mortality was not significantly diffe.e.t be.we.n tre.tme.ts in e.the. trial. The.re.ults of this study indicate.that suture. must be.use. during surge.ie. to implant acoustic transmitte.s in re.ative.y smalle. fish with tag-to-body-ratios at or above.1.9%.

关键词： Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss Surge.y Acoustic Transmitte.

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Brown Trout Re.d Locations in the.Northe.nmost Se.tion of Spe.rfish Cre.k in Spe.rfish, South Dakota, USA

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Natural Re.ource. 2022年第1期13卷 1-15页

作者： m.chael J. Robidoux Jill m. Voorhe.s Abigail Domagall m.chael e. barnes South Dakota De.artme.t of Game Fish and Parks McNenny State Fish Hatchery Spearfish South Dakota USA School of Natural Scie.ce. Environmental Physical Science Black Hills State University Spearfish South Dakota USA

Salmonid fish are.known to re.roduce.throughout the.Black Hills in South Dakota, howe.e., it is not known whe. or whe.e.the. are.spawning or how succe.sful the.r spawning is. This study docume.te. for the.first-time.b... 详细信息

Salmonid fish are known to reproduce throughout the Black Hills in South Dakota, however, it is not known when or where they are spawning or how successful their spawning is. This study documented for the first-time brown trout (Salmo trutta) redd locations and redd construction timing in a 1.6 km reach of Spearfish Creek, within the northern most part of the city of Spearfish, South Dakota, USA in 2020. Redds were first observed on October 13, 2020, with observations continuing until November 17 when no new redds were spotted. Redd construction peaked during the first week of November, with 52 observed. A total of 146 redds was recorded over the course of the study, resulting in a density of 91 redds/km. This is the first study to document redds in this section of Spearfish Creek. These observations will allow for comparisons to future spawning activity which may be impacted by the increased urbanization likely along this section of the creek. Hopefully, e."font-family:Ve.dana;">This study can also guide.future.re.e.rch and habitat proje.ts throughout this se.tion of Spe.rfish Cre.k, and pote.tially throughout this re.ion.

关键词： Brown Trout Re.ds Spawning Spe.rfish South Dakota

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Nitroge. Gas Saturation in Karst Springs Varie. Throughout the.Day

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Journal of Wate. Re.ource.and Prote.tion 2023年第2期15卷 23-32页

作者： molly A. Gross Jill m. Voorhe.s Abigail Se.ple.Domagall m.chael e. barnes De.artme.t of Game Fish and Parks McNenny State Fish Hatchery Spearfish South Dakota USA School of Natural Scie.ce. Environmental Physical Science Black Hills State University Spearfish South Dakota USA

This e.pe.ime.t e.amine. the.fluctuations in nitroge. gas supe.saturation throughout the.day in thre. karst springs (uppe., side. and lowe.) at mcNe.ny State.Fish Hatche.y, rural Spe.rfish, Lawre.ce.County, South Dakota, USA. Total gas pre.sure., oxyge. pe.ce.t saturation, and nitroge. pe.ce.t saturation we.e.re.orde. six time./day on e.ght days ove. a 26-day pe.iod in e.ch of the.thre. springs. Total gas pre.sure.did not vary significantly throughout the.day in any of the.springs. Howe.e., pe.ce.t oxyge. and nitroge. saturation we.e.significantly diffe.e.t throughout the.day in all thre. springs. The.highe.t me.n (Se. nitroge. supe.saturation value.of 118.5 (1.1)% was obse.ve. in the.lowe. spring at 07:00. The.lowe.t me.n nitroge. supe.saturation value. we.e.114.5 (1.1)% at 13:00 in the.uppe. spring, and 114.2 (0.2)% and 113.1 (0.7)% at 15:00 in the.side.and lowe. spring, re.pe.tive.y. At 118% nitroge. supe.saturation, gas bubble.dise.se.is like.y to occur in fish, re.ulting in pote.tially high le.e.s of mortality if untre.te. spring wate. was use. for fish production. The.re.ults of this study indicate.the.importance.of re.ording nitroge. gas le.e.s at sunrise.or e.rly in the.morning, whe. nitroge. is highe.t and oxyge. is lowe.t, to obtain accurate.and re.roducible.data.

关键词： Karst Springs Aquife. Gas Supe.saturation Nitroge. Aquaculture

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Short-Te.m Stre.s Re.ponse.of Juve.ile.Rainbow Trout Subje.te. to Two Diffe.e.t Re.ring De.sitie.

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Ope. Journal of Animal Scie.ce. 2023年第1期13卷 126-136页

作者： Jaid Fre.stone.Jill m. Voorhe.s Nathan Huysman e.ic Kre.s m.chael e. barnes South Dakota Game Fish and Parks McNenny State Fish Hatchery Spearfish USA

Juve.ile.rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss we.e.subje.te. to one.of four tre.tme.ts in a two-by-two e.pe.ime.tal de.ign: 1) fe. at a de.sity of 1.8 g/m3, 2) Faste. at 1.8 g/m3, 3) fe. at 30.1 g/m3, and 4) faste. at 30.1 g/m3. Blood glucose.and he.atocrit we.e.me.sure. at 4, 6, 48, 168, and 336 hours afte. place.e.t in one.of the.two re.ring de.sitie., with re.ative.fin le.gths and organosomatic indice. re.orde. at 336 hours. Glucose.le.e.s ove. time.we.e.not significantly diffe.e.t among the.de.sity and fe.ding tre.tme.ts. He.atocrit le.e.s ove. time.we.e.also not significantly diffe.e.t. Total le.gths, we.ght, he.atosomatic inde., visce.osomatic inde., and any of the.re.ative.fin le.gths we.e.not significantly diffe.e.t be.we.n the.high and low de.sitie.. Howe.e., the.he.atosomatic inde. was significantly gre.te. in the.fe. fish compare. to those.faste.. The.sple.osomatic inde. was significantly gre.te. in the.highe. de.sity tre.tme.t. The.e.re.ults like.y indicate.no short-te.m stre.s re.ponse.to the.highe. re.ring de.sity use. in this short-te.m e.pe.ime.t and no inte.action be.we.n starvation and de.sity-re.ate. stre.sors.

关键词： Rainbow Trout De.sity Fe.ding Glucose He.atocrit

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A slow-growth high-mortality me.a-analysis for inse.ts： A comme.t on Che. and Che.

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Inse.t Scie.ce 2018年第2期25卷 352-354页

作者： Shannon m. murphy, mayra C. Vidal, Claudia J. Hallagan, e.izabe.h e. barnes and e. Dale.Brode. De.artme.t of Biological Scie.ce. Unive.sity of De.ve. De.ve. CO USA

De.r e.itor, Inse.t Scie.ce.re.e.tly publishe. a me.a-analysis that trie. to te.t support for the.slow-growth high-mortality （he.e.fte. SG-Hm） hypothe.is （Che.＆ Che., 2018）. me.a-analysis is a powe.ful statistical tool use. to quantitative.y compare.and summarize.multiple.studie. （Arnqvist ＆ Wooste., 1995）. Howe.e., re.ults from a me.a-analysis must be.care.ully inte.pre.e. whe. only limite. sample.size. are.available. many conclusions made.by Che. and Che. （2018） are.base. on low sam- rile.size. and/or have.small fail-safe.numbe.s,

关键词： FILe.DRAWe. PROBLe. Le.F QUALITY HYPOTHe.IS PRe.ATION

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Ve.tically-Suspe.de. e.vironme.tal e.richme.t Alte.s the.Ve.ocity Profile. of Circular Fish Re.ring Tanks

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World Journal of e.gine.ring and Te.hnology 2019年第1期7卷 208-226页

作者： Alissa m. muggli Jose.h m. barnes m.chael e. barnes School of e.gine.ring Benedictine College Atchison KS USA South Dakota De.artme.t of Game Fish and Parks McNenny State Fish Hatchery Spearfish SD USA

The.inclusion of ve.tically-suspe.de. e.vironme.tal e.richme.t in circular tanks has produce. substantial be.e.its during fish re.ring. This study e.amine. the.tank wate. ve.ocity profile. of four diffe.e.t ve.tically-suspe.de. structure.?(rod array, e.te.de. rod array, single.angle.array, double.angle.array) and a control (no e.vironme.tal e.richme.t) at two incoming wate. ve.ocitie. (18.3 cm/s and 54.9 cm/s) in 1.8-m diame.e. circular tanks. At both of the.incoming wate. ve.ocitie., ove.all wate. ve.ocitie. throughout the.tank we.e.significantly re.uce. with the.addition of any e.vironme.tal e.richme.t in comparison to the.control. In addition, the.ove.all wate. ve.ocitie. in the.double.angle.array we.e.significantly lowe. than the.othe. thre. e.richme.t tre.tme.ts. The.patte.n of significant re.uctions in ve.ocity with the.use.of any e.vironme.tal e.richme.t, with furthe. significant ve.ocity re.uctions in the.double.angle.tre.tme.t, was re.e.te. whe. the.data we.e.combine. for e.ch sampling de.th, radius from the.ce.te., and de.re. (circular arc). Although conside.able.variation in wate. ve.ocity was obse.ve. at e.ch spe.ific sampling location with both incoming ve.ocitie., significantly lowe. ve.ocitie.?we.e.obse.ve. at ne.rly e.e.y sampling location with the.addition of any e.vironme.tal e.richme.t to the.circular tank. In addition, the.double.angle.array consiste.tly produce. the.lowe.t ve.ocitie. among the.e.vironme.tal e.richme.t tre.tme.ts. The.change. in ve.ocity profile. from ve.tically-suspe.de.?e.vironme.tal e.richme.t may be.at le.st partially-re.ponsible.for the.fre.ue.tly-obse.ve. improve.e.ts in fish growth.

关键词： e.vironme.tal e.richme.t Ve.tically-Suspe.de. Structure Circular Tank Wate. Ve.ocity

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Impact of Ve.tically-Suspe.de. e.vironme.tal e.richme.t and Two De.sitie. of Fish on Circular Tank Ve.ocity Profile.

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e.gine.ring（科研） 2020年第10期12卷 723-738页

作者： Joshua m. A. Caasi Jose.h m. barnes m.chael e. barnes Be.e.ictine.Colle.e School of Engineering Atchison Kansas USA South Dakota De.artme.t of Game Fish and Parks McNenny State Fish Hatchery Spearfish South Dakota USA

Ve.tically-suspe.de. e.vironme.tal e.richme.t has be.n shown to produce.improve.e.ts in fish growth during hatche.y re.ring in circular tanks. This study docume.te. the.e.fe.ts of a nove. suspe.de. structure.on the.ve.ocity profile.of a 3.63-m diame.e. circular tank containing juve.ile.landlocke. fall Chinook salmon (e.>Oncorhynchus tshawytschae.>) at two diffe.e.t de.sitie. (9.0 and 34.3 kg/m3). The.addition of ve.tically-suspe.de. structure.to the.tank significantly de.re.se. ve.ocitie. at ne.rly e.e.y sampling point, with ve.ocitie. typically dropping from 15 cm/s without structure.to le.s than 6 cm/s whe. structure.was pre.e.t. Fish de.sity also significantly impacte. in-tank ve.ocitie., with an inve.se.re.ationship obse.ve. be.we.n the.de.sity of fish and wate. ve.ocity. Significant inte.actions we.e.pre.e.t among the.pre.e.ce.or abse.ce.of structure.and fish de.sity. Whe. structure.and fish we.e.abse.t, the.ve.ocity at the.e.ge.of the.tank was 15.63 cm/s, which was significantly highe. than the.4.75 cm/s ve.ocity whe. both structure.and the.lowe. fish de.sity we.e.adde., which was in turn significantly highe. than the.2.29 cm/s ve.ocity obse.ve. with structure.and highe. fish de.sity. De.pite.the.pote.tially unique.fe.ture. of this study, ve.tically-suspe.de. e.vironme.tal e.richme.t and the.pre.e.ce.of fish cle.rly alte. circular tank wate. ve.ocitie., which may at le.st partially e.plain the.improve.e.ts in fish re.ring pe.formance.obse.ve. with the.use.of suspe.de. structure.

关键词： Circular Tank Ve.ocity e.vironme.tal e.richme.t Fish De.sity

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Re.ring Ve.ocity Impacts on Landlocke. Fall Chinook Salmon (<i>Oncorhynchus tshawytscha</i>) Growth, Condition, and Survival

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Ope. Journal of Animal Scie.ce. 2014年第5期4卷 244-252页

作者： Timothy m. Parke. m.chael e. barnes South Dakota De.artme.t of Game Fish and Parks Spearfish McNenny State Fish Hatchery South Dakota USA

Juve.ile.landlocke. Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) (me.n ± SD initial we.ght 2.6 ± 0.7 g, fork le.gth 6.3 ± 0.5) we.e.re.re. in thre. diffe.e.t wate. ve.ocitie. [0.5, 1.5 and 3.0 body le.gth/s (BL/s)] for four we.ks to de.e.mine.possible.e.fe.ts of wate. ve.ocity on growth, condition, and survival. Fish we.e.sample. for we.ght, fork le.gth, condition factor, he.atosomatic inde. (HSI), visce.osomatic inde. (VSI), and fin e.osion afte. four we.ks of fe.ding to satiation. At the.e.d of the.fe.ding trial, the.fish we.e.handle. and transporte. to simulate.stocking, with survival obse.ve. ove. the.following 10 d. Following four we.ks of fe.ding, fish re.re. in 0.5 and 1.5 BL/s had the.same.growth and food conve.sion ratio, but fish re.re. at 3.0 BL/s had a significant re.uction in both me.rics. Furthe.more. fish re.re. at 1.5 BL/s had a significantly highe. condition factor than fish re.re. in othe. tre.tme.ts. No significant diffe.e.ce. we.e.found for HSI, VSI, fin e.osion, or survival. The.re.ults from this study indicate.that a mode.ate.ve.ocity (1.5 BL/s), which is ne.e.sary for circular tanks to be.se.f-cle.ning, is not de.rime.tal to fish growth or condition, but a faste. wate. ve.ocity (3.0 BL/s) ne.ative.y affe.ts fish growth and food utilization.

关键词： Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha Ve.ocity Circular Tanks

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Occupational Noise.Le.e.s in Two Fish Re.ring Buildings at an Aquaculture.Facility

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Occupational Dise.se. and e.vironme.tal me.icine 2017年第2期5卷 58-66页

作者： Jill Voorhe.s m.chael e. barnes South Dakota De.artme.t of Game Fish and Parks Cleghorn Springs State Fish Hatchery Rapid City USA South Dakota De.artme.t of Game Fish and Parks McNenny State Fish Hatchery Spearfish USA

Occupational noise.is commonly e.counte.e. during aquaculture. This study docume.te. noise.le.e.s in two buildings at a production fish hatche.y, a tank room with 32, 1.8-m diame.e. tanks, and a re.ring pavilion with 32, 6.1-m diame.e. tanks. With wate. flowing to all of the.tanks in the.tank room, me.n noise.le.e.s we.e.68.4 dB, and significantly incre.se. to 73.0 dB during tank cle.ning and 73.2 dB whe. inte.mitte.t automatic fe.de.s we.e.running. The.highe.t tank room value. of 77.1 dB we.e.re.orde. dire.tly ne.t to individual tanks during cle.ning. With wate. flowing to all of the.tanks in the.re.ring pavilion, me.n noise.le.e.s we.e.70.2 dB. A significant incre.se.to 76.1 dB was obse.ve. whe. the.pavilion tanks we.e.be.ng powe. washe., with the.highe.t value.of 83.2 dB re.orde. imme.iate.y adjace.t to the.powe. washe.. Although none.of the.noise.le.e.s e.ce.de. re.ulatory limits, the.use.of te.hnique. to re.uce.occupational noise.in aquaculture.e.vironme.ts is re.omme.de..

关键词： Noise Aquaculture Fish Hatche.y Tanks Wate. Flow

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