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Effects of grassland management, endophytic fungi and predators on aphid abundance in two distinct regions

Journal of Plant Ecology 2014年第5期7卷 490-498页

作者： carmen Börschig Alexandra-m.Klein Jochen Krauss Agroecology Department of Crop SciencesUniversity of GöttingenGrisebachstrasse 6D-37075 GöttingenGermany Ecosystem Functions Institute of EcologyUniversity of LüneburgScharnhorstrasse 1D-21335 LüneburgGermany Nature Conservation and Landscape Ecology Institute of Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of FreiburgTennenbacherstr.4D-79106 FreiburgGermany Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology University of WürzburgBiocentreAm HublandD-97074 WürzburgGermany

Aims Fungal endophytes of cool-season grass species produce alkaloids toxic to herbivores,affecting food webs in agricultural and natural *** studies about the effects of endophytes on herbi-vores are rare and show contradictory results,leading to uncertain conclusions about the nature of endophyte-grass *** asked whether the environmental contexts of local and regional scales and predation could modify the effects of endophytes on *** In a full factorial field experiment,we quantified the abundance of the aphid species Rhopalosiphum padi on the potted host grass Lolium perenne,which was either infected or uninfected with the endophytic fungus Neotyphodium *** were either excluded or had free access to the pots with the *** hun-dred and sixty grass pots were located in two regions on altogether 40 grassland sites,half of the sites intensively and half extensively *** tested the importance of endophyte infection,study region,management intensity of grasslands,predation and all two-way interactions on aphid *** Findings Endophyte infection reduced aphid abundance significantly in one study region *** both regions,we found that the impacts of aphidophagous predators and grassland management intensity on aphid abundance were substantially stronger and more consistent than that of endophytes on aphid *** excluding preda-tors and pots placed on extensive grasslands contained higher aphid *** impact of predators and management on aphid abundance were not modified by the *** conclude that the effect of endophytes on herbivores can be weak in field experi-ments and depends on environmental context at a regional ***,more field research efforts are necessary to detect the rela-tive importance of endophytes and the environmental context on biotic interactions in ecosystems.

关键词： bottom-up control microorganism multi-trophic interaction predator exclosure top-down control

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Application of the Weibull Distribution to Estimate the Volume of Water Pumping by a Windmill

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Journal of Power and Energy Engineering 2016年第9期4卷 36-51页

作者： m. Toledo Velázquez J. herná ndez Rodrí guez m. Vega Del carmen F. E. Flores murrieta G. Tolentino Eslava Laboratorio de Ingenierí a Té rmica e Hidrá ulica Aplicada (LABINTHAP) IPN-SEPI-ESIME Zacatenco Ciudad de M&eacute xico M&eacute xico Divisió n de Ciencias e Ingenierí a Laboratorio en Sistemas de Energ&iacute a Universidad de Quintana Roo Chetumal M&eacute xico

Given the steady increase in use of alternative energy sources to supply part of the energy demand of the world, and considering that mexico has enough wind resources to produce all the electricity required by the country, in this work, it is carried out the development of a system of wind resource assessment to determine the volume of water that a windmill pumping system can provide in a specific area. To this end, it has developed a computer program for wind resource assessment by measurements of wind speed, direction, temperature, barometric pressure and relative humidity. measuring equipments were mounted in a wind measurement tower of 10 m high, within the premises of the University of Quintana Roo which is located along the coast. Until this day, there are records over a period of five months of the variables of wind speed, wind direction, temperature, relative humidity and atmospheric pressure. These variables were used for statistical calculations using the Weibull distributions. To give a better use of the calculated data, they were applied to the evaluation of a Pumping System.

关键词： Pumping Systems Weibull Distribution Wind Energy Windmill

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Omeprazole induces gastric transmucosal permeability to the peptide bradykinin

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第9期16卷 1097-1103页

作者： melissa Gabello mary carmen Valenzano E Peter Zurbach James m mullin Lankenau Institute for medical Research 100 Lancaster AvenueWynnewoodPA 19096United States Department of Biology Saint Joseph's University5600 City AvenuePhiladelphiaPA 19131United States Department of Chemistry Saint Joseph's University5600 City AvenuePhiladelphiaPA 19131United States Division of Gastroenterology Lankenau Hospital100 Lancaster AvenueWynnewoodPA 19096United States

AIm:To investigate omeprazole-induced transepithelial gastric leak and its effects on the permeability of the peptides bradykinin and ***:Rat gastric corpus tissue was isolated and mounted in an Ussing chamber apparatus to evaluate the permeability of 3H-bradykinin,3H-oxytocin,and 14CEDTA in the presence or absence of *** chromatography was performed to identify any metabolic breakdown products of the peptides resulting from permeation through the gastric tissue,and thereby calculate the true flux of the ***:The flux rate ofintact 3H-bradykinin increased substantially after omeprazole addition (109.5%) compared to the DmSO vehicle control (14%).No corresponding change in flux ofintact 3H-oxytocin was observed under the same conditions (11.9% and 6.4% in the DmSO-and omeprazole-treated conditions,respectively).After exposure to omeprazole,the flux rate of 14C-EDTA also increased dramatically (122.3%) compared to the DmSO condition (36.3%).CONCLUSION:The omeprazole-induced gastric leak allows for transmucosal permeability to charged molecules as well as *** induced leak will allow certain peptides to permeate.

关键词： Proton pump inhibitor Paracellular Drug delivery Tight junction Transepithelial

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Selectivity in feeding preferences and ranging patterns in spider monkeys Ateles geoffroyi yucatanensis of northeastern Yucatan peninsula, mexico

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Current Zoology 2013年第1期59卷 125-134页

作者： carmen SCHERBAUm Alejandro ESTRADA Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology Biozentrum University of Wiirzburg Germany Estacion de Biologia Tropical Los Tuxtlas Instituto de Biologfa Universidad Nacional Aut6noma de M6xico Apartado Postal94 San Andres Tuxtla Veracruz M6xico C. P. 95700

The spider monkey, a fruit specialist and important seed dispersal agent in the Neotropics, is an endangered primate due to habitat loss, hunting and the pet trade. Spider monkeys have been the subject of a few studies in Central and South Ame- rica, but little is known about the diet and ranging for this primate in southern mexico. Here we report the results of a six-month long study （October 2010 to march 2011） of the feeding preferences and ranging patterns of the Yucatan spider monkey Ateles geoffroyi yucatanensis living in the ＂Ya＇ax＇che＂ reserve by the Caribbean coast in northeast Yucatan peninsula. Focal animal and scan sampling as well as GPS tracking were used to document spider monkey feeding behavior, location of food trees and ranging in the reserve. The spider monkeys used 36 species of plants （94% trees; n = 432） and six non tree morphospecies as a source of food. Six tree species accounted for 〉~80% of total feeding time and for 74% of all trees used. Fruits accounted for 59% of total feeding time, followed by leaves （35%）, palm piths （5%） and other plant parts （1%）. Total range used by the monkeys was esti- mated at 43% of semievergreen rainforest habitat available （ca 40ha）. Range use was not random with segments showing light, moderate and heavy use; the use of different areas of their range varied monthly and was closely linked to the spatial dispersion of the trees used for food [Current Zoology 59 （1）： 125-134, 2013].

关键词： Primates Frugivory Neotropics Conservation Seed dispersal

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Changes in mediterranean mesocarnivore communities along urban and ex-urban gradients

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Current Zoology 2015年第5期61卷 793-801页

作者： mariano R. RECIO carmen m. ARIJA Sara CABEZAS-DIAZ Emilio VIRGOS School of Surveying University of Otago PO Box 56 Dunedin New Zealand Departamento de Biologia y Geologia Escuela de Ciencias Experimentales y Tecnologia. Universidad Rey Juan Carlos E-28933 Mostoles Madrid. Spain.

Urbanization causes wildlife habitat loss, fragmentation, and the replacement of specialist species by generalists and/or exotic taxa. Because mesocarnivores are particularly vulnerable to habitat modifications, the rapid expansion of urban areas and the increasing trend for ex-urban development occurring in mediterranean ecosystems may be major drivers of change in mesocamivore communities. We combined camera trapping and sign surveys to quantify the richness and relative abundance of a set of wild and domestic mesocarnivores. We quantified these variables controlling for the gradient of urbanism, ex-urbanism, and other environmental variables in patches of natural vegetation in the region of madrid （central Spain）, and a non-urbanized control area -220 km south of madrid city. Using conditional autoregressive models （CAR） and model selection procedures, we found that urbanization influenced mesocarnivore community composition but this influence was not detrimental for all the species tested. Generalist carnivores such as the red fox Vulpes vulpes were more abundant in urban and ex-urban areas. Ex-urban development creates overlapping areas between wild and domestic species （such as the domestic cat Felis catus and the wildcat Felis silvestris） but contact between wild and domestic carnivores in natural areas is unlikely. Detection of species in the control area was very low. Therefore, the impact of urbanization in causing changes in mesocarnivore communities may be less than other factors such as illegal predator culling [Current Zoology 61 （5）： 793-801, 2015].

关键词： Urbanization Exurbanization mesocamivores mediterranean Domestic carnivores Wild camivores

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Evaluation of a crop rotation with biological inhibition potential to avoid N_(2)O emissions in comparison with synthetic nitrification inhibition

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2023年第5期127卷 222-233页

作者： Adrián Bozal-Leorri mario Corrochano-monsalve Luis m.Arregui Pedro m.Aparicio-Tejo carmen González-murua Department of Plant Biology and Ecology University of the Basque Country(UPV/EHU)Apdo.644E-48080Bilbao 48940Spain Institute for Innovation and Sustainable Development in Food Chain(ISFOOD) Public University of NavarrePamplona 31006Spain Institute for multidisciplinary Research in Applied Biology(ImAB) Public University of NavarrePamplona 31006Spain

Agriculture has increased the release of reactive nitrogen to the environment due to crops’low nitrogen-use efficiency(NUE)after the application of *** like the use of stabilized-fertilisers with nitrification inhibitors such as DmPP(3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate)have been adopted to reduce nitrogen ***,cover crops can be used in crop-rotation-strategies to reduce soil nitrogen pollution and benefit the following ***(Sorghum bicolor)could be a good candidate as it is drought tolerant and its culture can reduce nitrogen losses derived from nitrification because it exudates biological nitrification inhibitors(BNIs).This work aimed to evaluate the effect of fallow-wheat and sorghum cover crop-wheat rotations on N_(2)O emissions and the grain yield of winter wheat *** addition,the suitability of DmPP addition was also *** use of sorghum as a cover crop might not be a suitable option to mitigate nitrogen losses in the subsequent *** sorghum–wheat rotation was able to reduce 22%the abundance of amoA,it presented an increment of 77%in cumulative N_(2)O emissions compared to fallow–wheat rotation,which was probably related to a greater abundance of heterotrophic-denitrification *** the other hand,the application of DmPP avoided the growth of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and maintained the N_(2)O emissions at the levels of unfertilized-soils in both *** a conclusion,the use of DmPP would be recommendable regardless of the rotation since it maintains NH_(4)^(+)in the soil for longer and mitigates the impact of the crop residues on nitrogen soil dynamics.

关键词： Fallow Sorghum Crop rotation Nitrification inhibitor N-cycling genes Soil mineral nitrogen

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GRID-INDEPENDENT CONSTRUCTION OF mULTISTEP mETHODS

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Journal of Computational mathematics 2017年第5期35卷 672-692页

作者： carmen Arevalo Gustaf Soderlind Numerical Analysis Centre for Mathematical Sciences Box 118 SE-22100 Lund Sweden.

A new polynomial formulation of variable step size linear multistep methods is pre- sented, where each k-step method is characterized by a fixed set of k - 1 or k parameters. This construction includes all methods of maximal order （p = k for stiff, and p = k ＋ 1 for nonstiff problems）. Supporting time step adaptivity by construction, the new formulation is not based on extending classical fixed step size methods; instead classical methods are obtained as fixed step size restrictions within a unified framework. The methods are imple- mented in mATLAB, with local error estimation and a wide range of step size controllers. This provides a platform for investigating and comparing different multistep method in realistic operational conditions. Computational experiments show that the new multi- step method construction and implementation compares favorably to existing software, although variable order has not yet been included.

关键词： Linear multistep methods Variable step size Adaptive step size Step sizecontrol Explicit methods Implicit methods Nonstiff methods Stiff methods Initial valueproblems Ordinary differential equations Differential-algebraic equations Implementa-tion.

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Pediatric bowel preparation: Sodium picosulfate, magnesium oxide, citric acid vs polyethylene glycol, a randomized trial

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2020年第40期26卷 6260-6269页

作者： carmen Cuffari Steven L Ciciora masakazu Ando mena Boules Joseph m Croffie Department of Pediatrics The Johns Hopkins School of MedicineBaltimoreMD 21287United States Department of Pediatrics The Ohio State University College of MedicineColombusOH 43205United States Department of Statistics Ferring Pharmaceuticals IncParsippanyNJ 07054United States Department of medical Affairs Ferring Pharmaceuticals IncParsippanyNJ 07054United States Department of Pediatrics Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIN 46202United States

BACKGROUND Bowel preparation in children can be *** To describe the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of sodium picosulfate, magnesium oxide, and citric acid(SPmC) bowel preparation in *** Phase 3, randomized, assessor-blinded, multicenter study of low-volume, divided dose SPmC enrolled children 9-16 years undergoing elective colonoscopy. Participants 9-12 years were randomized 1:1:1 to SPmC ? dose × 2, SPmC 1 dose × 2, or polyethylene glycol(PEG). Participants 13-16 years were randomized 1:1 to SPmC 1 dose × 2 or PEG. PEG-based bowel preparations were administered per local protocol. Primary efficacy endpoint for quality of bowel preparation was responders(rating of ‘excellent' or ‘good') by modified Aronchick Scale. Secondary efficacy endpoint was participant's tolerability and satisfaction from a 7-item questionnaire. Safety assessments included adverse events(AEs) and laboratory *** 78 participants were randomized, 48 were 9-12 years, 30 were 13-16 years. For the primary efficacy endpoint in 9-12 years, 50.0%, 87.5%, and 81.3% were responders for SPmC ? dose × 2, SPmC 1 dose × 2, and PEG groups, respectively. Responder rates for 13-16 years were 81.3% for SPmC 1 dose × 2 and 85.7% for PEG. Overall, 43.8% of participants receiving SPmC 1 dose × 2 reported it was ‘very easy' or ‘easy' to drink, compared with 20.0% receiving PEG. Treatment-emergent AEs were reported by 45.5% of participants receiving SPmC 1 dose × 2 and 63.0% receiving *** SPmC was an efficacious and safe for bowel preparation in children 9-16 years, with comparable efficacy to PEG. Tolerability for SPmC was higher compared to PEG.

关键词： Children Colonoscopy Colon cleansing Sodium picosulfate magnesium oxide and citric acid Polyethylene glycol

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Three-dimensional organ modeling based on deformable surfaces applied to radio-oncology

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science C(Computers and Electronics) 2010年第6期11卷 407-417页

作者： Gloria BUENO Oscar DéNIZ Jesús SALIDO carmen CARRASCOSA José m. DELGADO Grupo de Visióny Sistemas Inteligentes Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha E.T.S. Ingenieros Industriales Avda. Camilo José Cela 3. 13071 Ciudad Real Spain Hospital General de Ciudad Real Tomelloso s/n. 13005 Ciudad Real Spain Instituto Oncológico (Grupo ImO) modesto Lafuente 14 28010 Madrid Spain

This paper describes a method based on an energy minimizing deformable model applied to the 3D biomechanical modeling of a set of organs considered as regions of interest (ROI) for radiotherapy. The initial model consists of a quadratic surface that is deformed to the exact contour of the ROI by means of the physical properties of a mass-spring system. The exact contour of each ROI is first obtained using a geodesic active contour model. The ROI is then parameterized by the vibration modes resulting from the deformation process. Once each structure has been defined, the method provides a 3D global model including the whole set of ROIs. This model allows one to describe statistically the most significant variations among its structures. Statistical ROI variations among a set of patients or through time can be analyzed. Experimental results are presented using the pelvic zone to simulate anatomical variations among structures and its application in radiotherapy treatment planning.

关键词： 3D biomechanical organ modeling Energy minimizing deformable model Finite element model Geodesic active contour Radiotherapy treatment planning

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Highly Fluorescent Dye-Doped Silica Nanoparticles Increase Flow Cytometry Sensitivity for Cancer Cell monitoring

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Nano Research 2009年第6期2卷 448-461页

作者： m.-carmen Estévez meghan B.OʼDonoghue Xiaolan Chen Weihong Tan Center for Research at the Bio/Nano Interface Departments of Chemistry and Department of Physiology and Functional GenomicsShands Cancer Center and UF Genetics InstituteMcKnight Brain InstituteUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFlorida 32611-7200USA

Early and accurate diagnosis and treatment of cancer depend on rapid,sensitive,and selective detection of tumor *** diagnosis of cancers,especially leukemia,relies on histology and fl ow cytometry using single dye-labeled ***,this combination may not lead to high signal output,which can hinder detection,especially when the probes have relatively weak affi nities or when the receptor is expressed in a low concentration on the target cell *** solve these problems,we have developed a novel method for sensitive and rapid detection of cancer cells using dye-doped silica nanoparticles(NPs)which increases detection sensitivity in fl ow cytometry analyses between 10-and 100-fold compared to standard *** NPs are~60 nm in size and can encapsulate thousands of individual dye molecules within their *** have extensively investigated surface modifi cation strategies in order to make the NPs suitable for selective detection of cancer cells using fl ow *** NPs are functionalized with polyethylene glycol(PEG)to prevent nonspecifi c interactions and with neutravidin to allow universal binding with biotinylated *** virtue of their reliable and selective detection of target cancer cells,these NPs have demonstrated their promising usefulness in conventional fl ow ***,they have shown low background signal,high signal enhancement,and effi cient functionalization,either with antibody-or aptamer-targeting moieties.

关键词： Silica nanoparticle flow cytometry aptamer cell detection polyethylene glycol fl uorophore

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