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Darcy-Forchheimer Hybrid Nano Fluid Flow with mixed Convection Past an Inclined Cylinder

Computers, materials & Continua 2021年第2期66卷 2025-2039页

作者： m.bilal Imran Khan Taza Gul Asifa Tassaddiq Wajdi Alghamdi Safyan mukhtar Poom Kumam Department of mathematics City University of Science and Information TechnologyPeshawar25000Pakistan Department of Basic Sciences and Humanities College of Computer and Information SciencesMajmaah UniversityAl-Majmaah11952Saudi Arabia Department of Information Technology Faculty of Computing and Information TechnologyKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah80261Saudi Arabia Basic Sciences Department Deanship of Preparatory YearKing Faisal UniversityAl Ahsa31982Saudi Arabia Center of Excellence in Theoretical and Computational Science(TaCS-CoE) SCL 802 Fixed Point LaboratoryScience Laboratory BuildingKing Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi(KMUTT)Bangkok10140Thailand

This article aims to investigate the Darcy Forchhemier mixed convection flow of the hybrid nanofluid through an inclined extending *** different nanoparticles such as carbon nanotubes(CNTs)and iron oxide Fe3O4 have been added to the base fluid in order to prepare a hybrid *** partial differential equations for momentum,energy and convective diffusion have been changed into dimensionless ordinary differential equations after using Von Karman *** analysis method(HAm),a powerful analytical approach has been used to find the solution to the given *** effects of the physical constraints on velocity,concentration and temperature profile have been drawn as well for discussion *** numerical outcomes have been carried out for the drag force,heat transfer rate and diffusion rate *** Biot number of heat and mass transfer affects the fluid temperature whereas the Forchhemier parameter and the inclination angle decrease the velocity of the fluid *** results show that hybrid nanofluid is the best source of enhancing heat transfer and can be used for cooling purposes as well.

关键词： mixed convection similarity transformation HAm hybrid nanofluid CNTs Darcy Forchhemier inclined cylinder

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Structural transition of NRC4 to hexameric resistosome activates plant immunity

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molecular Plant 2025年第1期18卷 25-25页

作者： m.Arif ashraf maryam Rashidzade Department of Biology Howard UniversityWashingtonDCUSA Department of Biology University of Massachusetts AmherstAmherstMAUSA

Plant innate immunity is governed by complex molecular mechanisms,with nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat receptors(NLRs)playing a central role in defense against microbial *** are generally classified into two main types:“sensor”NLRs(sNLRs),which detect pathogen molecules,and“helper”NLRs(hNLRs),which support the activation of immune *** function alongside sNLRs to modulate immune defenses,often by forming larger protein complexes known as resistosomes,which play a role in the initiation of effector-triggered immunity(Jones et al.,2024).

关键词： complexes governed transition

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Heterogeneous Expansion of End-moraine Dammed Lakes in the Hindukush-Karakoram-Himalaya Ranges of Pakistan during 2001-2013

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Journal of mountain Science 2015年第5期12卷 1113-1124页

作者： Arshad ashraf Rozina NAZ muhammad bilal IQBAL Climate Change Alternate Energy and Water Resources Institute (CAEWRI) National Agricultural Research Center

Global climate change during the twentieth century had a significant impact on the glaciers that resulted in creation of new lakes and expansion of existing ones, and ultimately an increase in the number of glacial lake outburst floods(GLOFs) in the Himalayan region. This study reports variation of the end-moraine dammed lakes in the high altitude Hindukush-Karakoram-Himalaya(HKH) region of Pakistan to evaluate future floods hazard under changing climate in this region. An integrated temporal remote sensing and Geographic information system(GIS) based approach using satellite images of Landsat-7 and 8 was adopted to detect 482 endmoraine dammed lakes out of which 339 lakes(>0.02 km2) were selected for temporal change analysis during the 2001-2013 period. The findings of the study revealed a net expansion in the end-moraine dammed lakes area in the Karakoram(about 7.7%) and in the Himalayas(4.6%), while there was a net shrinkage of about 1.5% in the lakes area in the Hindukush range during this period. The percentage increase in the lakes' area was highest above 4500 m asl in the Hindukush, within 3500-4000 m asl in the Himalayas and below 3500 m asl in the Karakoram range. The overall positive change in the lakes' area appears to prevail in various altitudinal ranges of the region. The heterogeneous areal changes in the endmoraine dammed lakes might be attributed to different climate regimes and glacial hydrodynamics in the three HKH ranges. A periodic monitoring of the glacial lakes and their associated glaciers is essential for developing effective hazard assessment and risk reduction strategies for this high altitude Himalayan region.

关键词： End-moraine glacial lakes GLOF Karakoram Himalayan region

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Alternative Strategy for Development of Dielectric Calcium Copper Titanate‑Based Electrolytes for Low‑Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

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Nano-micro Letters 2025年第1期17卷 310-332页

作者： Sajid Rauf muhammad bilal Hanif Zuhra Tayyab matej Veis mAKYousaf Shah Naveed mushtaq Dmitry medvedev Yibin Tian Chen Xia martin motola Bin Zhu College of mechatronics and Control Engineering Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060People’s Republic of China Department of Inorganic Chemistry Faculty of Natural SciencesComenius University BratislavaIlkovicova684215 BratislavaSlovakia Energy Storage Joint Research Center School of Energy and EnvironmentSoutheast UniversityNanjing 210096People’s Republic of China Hydrogen Energy Laboratory Ural Federal University620002 EkaterinburgRussia Laboratory of Electrochemical Devices Based on Solid Oxide Proton Electrolytes Institute of High Temperature Electrochemistry620066 EkaterinburgRussia School of microelectronics Hubei UniversityWuhan 430062People’s Republic of China

The development of low-temperature solid oxide fuel cells(LT-SOFCs)is of significant importance for realizing the widespread application of *** has stimulated a substantial materials research effort in developing high oxide-ion conductivity in the electrolyte layer of *** this context,for the first time,a dielectric material,CaCu_(3)Ti_(4)O_(12)(CCTO)is designed for LT-SOFCs electrolyte application in this *** individual CCTO and its heterostructure materials with a p-type Ni_(0.8)Co_(0.15)Al_(0.05)LiO_(2−δ)(NCAL)semiconductor are evaluated as alternative electrolytes in LT-SOFC at 450–550℃.The single cell with the individual CCTO electrolyte exhibits a power output of approximately 263 mW cm^(-2) and an open-circuit voltage(OCV)of 0.95 V at 550℃,while the cell with the CCTO–NCAL heterostructure electrolyte capably delivers an improved power output of approximately 605 mW cm^(-2) along with a higher OCV over 1.0 V,which indicates the introduction of high hole-conducting NCAL into the CCTO could enhance the cell performance rather than inducing any potential short-circuiting *** is found that these promising outcomes are due to the interplay of the dielectric material,its structure,and overall properties that led to improve electrochemical mechanism in CCTO–***,density functional theory calculations provide the detailed information about the electronic and structural properties of the CCTO and NCAL and their heterostructure CCTO–*** study thus provides a new approach for developing new advanced electrolytes for LT-SOFCs.

关键词： LT-SOFCs Dielectric CaCu_(3)Ti_(4)O_(12) Semiconductor Ni_(0.8)Co_(0.15)Al_(0.05)LiO_(2−δ) Ionic conductivity Heterostructure electrolyte

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Effect of divalent cations(Co^(2+) and Ni^(2+)) on microstructure,physical properties and application of NdFeO_(3)

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Journal of Rare Earths 2025年第1期43卷 89-97,I0004页

作者： m.m.Arman materials Science Lab(1) Physics DepartmentFaculty of ScienceCairo UniversityGiza12613Egypt

The nanocrystalline samples Nd_(1-x)m_(x)FeO_(3)(x=0.0 and 0.1;m:Co^(2+)and Ni^(2+))were prepared using the citrate combustion *** X-ray diffraction(XRD)pattern confirmed that the nanoparticles were synthesized in an orthorhombic *** particle size of Nd_(1-x)m_(x)FeO_(3) is in the range of 29-59 *** selected area electron diffraction(SAED)indicates the samples were prepared in a polycrystalline *** samples Nd_(1-x)m_(x)FeO_(3)(x=0.0 and 0.1;m:Co^(2+)and Ni^(2+))have anti ferromagnetic *** Fe^(3+)spins are aligned antiparallel,forming the antiferromagnetic(AFm)properties,which are affected by many factors such as the bond angle between the Fe^(3+)(Fe^(3+)-O_(2)--Fe^(3+))and the Dzyaloshinskii-moriya(D-m)*** doping of Co^(2+)and Ni^(2+)ions in NdFeO_(3) enhances the magnetic properties of the NdFeO_(3).The saturation magnetization(ms)of Nd_(0.90)Co_(0.10)FeO_(3) increases 1.8times more than that of NdFeO_(3).The exchange bias field(HEX)of the Co-doped sample is two times greater than that of NdFeO_(3).The magnetic anisotropy constant(K)of the 10%Co-doped sample increases by 11 factors compared to that of NdFeO_(3).The Tauc plot illustrates that the samples have a direct optical *** divalent cation substitution(Co^(2+)and Ni^(2+))decreases the optical band gap of NdFeO_(3),leading to the recommendation of using the samples Nd_(0.90)Co_(0.10)FeO_(3) and Nd_(0.90)Ni_(0.10)FeO_(3) in photocatalysis of dye degradation from *** removal efficiencies of Cr6+at pH=6 are 88.06%,85.54%,and 85.52%for the samples NdFeO_(3),Nd_(0.90)Co_(0.10)FeO_(3),and Nd_(0.90)Ni_(0.10)FeO_(3),*** Freundlich isotherm mode is the best-fit model for NdFeO_(3) to adsorb Cr6+ions from aqueous solutions.

关键词： Optical properties Nanoparticles magnetic properties Perovskites Removal efficiency Rareearths

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mHD stagnation point flow of a micropolar fluid towards a heated surface

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Applied mathematics and mechanics(English Edition) 2011年第1期32卷 45-54页

作者： m.ashraf m.m.ashraf Centre for Advanced Studies in Pure and Applied mathematics Bahauddin Zakariya University

The problem of two dimensional stagnation point flow of an electrically conducting micropolar fluid impinging normally on a heated surface in the presence of a uniform transverse magnetic field is analyzed. The governing continuity, momentum, angular momentum, and heat equations together with the associated boundary conditions are reduced to dimensionless form using suitable similarity transformations. The reduced self similar non-linear equations are then solved numerically by an algorithm based on the finite difference discretization. The results are further refined by Richardson＇s extrapolation. The effects of the magnetic parameter, the micropolar parameters, and the Prandtl number on the flow and temperature fields are predicted in tabular and graphical forms to show the important features of the solution. The study shows that the velocity and thermal boundary layers become thinner as the magnetic parameter is increased. The micropolar fluids display more reduction in shear stress as well as heat transfer rate than that exhibited by Newtonian fluids, which is beneficial in the flow and thermal control of polymeric processing.

关键词： magnetohydrodynamics (mHD) stagnation flow micropolar fluids finitedifferences similarity transformations boundary layer

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End-To-End Encryption Enabled Lightweight mutual Authentication Scheme for Resource Constrained IoT Network

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Computers, materials & Continua 2025年第2期82卷 3223-3249页

作者： Shafi Ullah Haidawati muhammad Nasir Kushsairy Kadir Akbar Khan Ahsanullah memon Shanila Azhar Ilyas Khan muhammad ashraf Department of Computer Engineering Balochistan University of Information TechnologyEngineering and Management SciencesQuetta87300Pakistan Computer Engineering Section malaysian Institute of Technology Universiti Kuala LumpurKuala Lumpur50250Malaysia Electrical Engineering Section Universiti Kuala LumpurBritish Malaysian InstituteSalengor53100Malaysia Electrical Engineering Department Mehran UniversityKhairpur-Mirs76062Pakistan Department of mathematics College of Science Al-ZulfiMajmaah UniversityAl-Majmaah11952Saudi Arabia

machine-to-machine (m2m) communication networks consist of resource-constrained autonomous devices, also known as autonomous Internet of things (IoTs) or machine-type communication devices (mTCDs) which act as a backbone for Industrial IoT, smart cities, and other autonomous systems. Due to the limited computing and memory capacity, these devices cannot maintain strong security if conventional security methods are applied such as heavy encryption. This article proposed a novel lightweight mutual authentication scheme including elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) driven end-to-end encryption through curve25519 such as (i): efficient end-to-end encrypted communication with pre-calculation strategy using curve25519;and (ii): elliptic curve Diffie-Hellman (ECDH) based mutual authentication technique through a novel lightweight hash function. The proposed scheme attempts to efficiently counter all known perception layer security threats. moreover, the pre-calculated key generation strategy resulted in cost-effective encryption with 192-bit curve security. It showed comparative efficiency in key strength, and curve strength compared with similar authentication schemes in terms of computational and memory cost, communication performance and encryption robustness.

关键词： mutual authentication lightweight end-to-end encryption elliptic curve cryptography industrial internet of things curve25519 machine-to-machine communication

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Nonlinear forced vibration in a subcritical regime of a porous functionally graded pipe conveying fluid with a retaining clip

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Applied mathematics and mechanics(English Edition) 2025年第1期46卷 101-122页

作者： m.GHOLAmI m.EFTEKHARI Department of mechanical Engineering Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman

This study examines the nonlinear behaviors of a clamped-clamped porous pipe made of a functionally graded material(FGm) that conveys fluids and is equipped with a retaining clip, focusing on primary resonance and subcritical dynamics. The nonlinear governing equations for the FGm pipe are derived by the extended Hamilton's principle, and subsequently discretized through the application of the Galerkin *** direct method of multi-scales is then used to solve the derived equations. A thorough analysis of various parameters, including the clip stiffness, the power-law index, the porosity, and the clip location, is conducted to gain a comprehensive understanding of the system's nonlinear dynamics. Through the analysis of the first natural frequency, the study highlights the influence of the flow velocity and the clip stiffness, while the comparisons with metallic pipes emphasize the role of FGm composition. The examination of the forced response curves reveals saddle-node bifurcations and their dependence on parameters such as the detuning parameter and the power-law index, offering valuable insights into the system's nonlinear resonant behavior. Furthermore, the frequency-response curves illustrate the hardening nonlinearities influenced by factors such as the porosity and the clip stiffness, revealing nuanced effects on the system response and resonance characteristics. This comprehensive analysis enhances the understanding of nonlinear behaviors in FGm porous pipes with a retaining clip, providing key insights for practical engineering applications in system design and optimization.

关键词： functionally graded material (FGm) pipe conveying fluid O175.2 porosity primary resonance retaining clip subcritical regime

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Production of carbide-free thin ductile iron castings

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Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing 2008年第5期15卷 552-555页

作者： m. ashraf Sheikh Department of Industrial and manufacturing Engineering Rachna College of Engineering and Technology

The fast cooling rate of thin ductile iron castings requires special consideration to produce carbide-free castings. Extraordinary care was taken to select the charge to produce castings of 100-mm long round bars with 16-mm diameter. The castings show the presence of carbides in the bars. Seven melts were made with different temperatures and with different compositions to get rid of carbides. After chemical analyses,it was found that the extra purity of the charge with less than 0.008wt% sulfur in the castings was the cause of carbides. To remove the carbides from the castings,sulfur should be added to the charge.

关键词： casting ductile iron carbides fluidity

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Structural behavior of intermediate length cold-formed steel rack columns with C-stitches

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2019年第4期13卷 937-949页

作者： m. ANBARASU mahmud ashraf Department of Civil Engineering Government College of Engineering Salem 636011 India School of Engineering Deakin University Geelong VIC 3216 Australia

This article presents an experimental and numerical investigation on the strength and performance of intermediate length rack column sections with C-stitches under axial compression. The test program consisted of 10 axial concentric compression tests on columns with and without C-stitches under pin end conditions for two different geometric lengths. Finite element (FE) models were developed using commercial FE package ABAQUS considering material and geometric nonlinearities as well as initial geometric imperfections. The elastic buckling properties of the section were calculated using readily available linear elastic buckling analysis tools based on Generalized Beam Theory (GBT) and Finite Strip method (FSm). Obtained FE results were compared with those obtained experimentally, and once verified the developed FE modeling technique was used to carry out a parametric study to examine changes in structural response due to variations in length, depth and spacing of C-stitches. Observed influences of C-stitches on the behavior and resistance of the considered columns were carefully analyzed, and key design aspects are presented herein.

关键词： cold-formed steel columns C-stitches intermediate length columns distortional buckling

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