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waterborne Diseases of Bacterial Origin in Relation to Quality of water in a Suburb of Uttar Pradesh

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 1997年第4期10卷 442-450页

作者： S·m·SAFDARASAHRAF mOHAmmADYUNUS Facultyofmedicine HamdardTibbi Facultyofmedicine JawaharLalNehruMedicalCollege

waterborne disorders of bacterial origin, e. g. typhoid, bacillary dysentery and diarrheaare one of the major global health problems, especially in developing countries like India. Theprevalence of these diseases is largely dependent on the quality of water consumed by *** qua1ity of water in India is still below the WHO recommendation of zero fecal coliform/100 ml of *** present study was conducted in a suburb of Aligarh District of U. P. (India). A to-tal of l27o persons were selected by paying horne visits and followed up for a period of oneyear. The study revealed that morbidity was higher in standPOSt group, i. e., 88. 3 % whilein piped water group it was 51. 8 %. The average episode of typhoid for both source of waterwas one while dysentery had 3 average episodes. The average episodes of diarrhea was 4 instand post and 3 in piped water group. In standPost group the rna jority of peop1e, (87. 6 % )were using unsatisfactory water as compared to 74. 4 % for piped water supply. The frequencyof typhoid was 1. 4 % bacillary dysentery 3. 4 % and diarrhea 7. 7 %. The occurrence of wa-terborne disorders of bacterial origin was common for typhoid in the 5-l2 years age groupbacillary dysentery for the l-5 years, and diarrhea for the o-5 years age group. The mor-bidity rate in standPost group was comparatively higher, i. e., 79. 6 %. The frequency for thestandpost group and piped water group for different diseases were, typhoid 1. 1 % and o. 7 %,bacillary dysentery 2. 7 % and 2. 2 %, and diarrhea 6. 1 % and 5. l %, respectively

关键词： waterborne Diseases of Bacterial Origin in Relation to Quality of water in a Suburb of Uttar Pradesh

The Relationship between the Wintertime Blocking over Greenland and the Sea Ice Distribution over North Atlantic

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 1993年第4期10卷 453-464页

作者： John m.W allace Department of Atmospheric Sciences University of Washington Seattle WA 98195

The sea-ice concentration in the Northern Hemisphere, 500 hPa height, sea-level pressure and 1000-500 hPa thickness of monthly mean data are examined for the period 1953-1989, with emphasis on the winter *** between large-scale patterns of atmospheric variability and sea-ice variability are investigated, making use of the correlation method. The analysis is conducted for the Atlantic sectors. In agreement with earlier studies based upon monthly mean data on sea-ice concentration, the strongest sea-ice pattern is composed of a dipole with opposing centers of action in the Davis Straits / Labrador Sea region and the Greenland and Barents Seas. Its temporal variability is strongly coupled to the atmospheric North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). The relationship between the two patterns is strongest with the atmosphere leading the ocean. The polarity of the NAO is associated with Greenland blocking episodes, during which the influence of the atmosphere is strong enough to temporarily halt the climatological mean advance of the ice edge in some regions and substantially accelerate it in *** relationships between the fields are indicative of local forcing of sea-ice in most regions, with wind stress and thermodynamic fluxes at the air-sea interface both contributing.

关键词： Sea-ice index Sea-ice distribution North Atlantic Oscillation Greenland Blocking Auto-correlation Correlation method

卡培他滨联合紫杉类或铂类药物治疗晚期胃癌临床观察

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医学临床研究 2014年第10期31卷 1977-1979页

作者：王大庆湖南省长沙康乃謦医院消化内科湖南长沙410200

【目的】探讨卡培他滨联合紫杉类或铂类药物治疗晚期胃癌的疗效及安全性。【方法】59例晚期胃癌患者中30例接受卡培他滨＋紫杉类治疗，卡培他滨1000 mg／m2口服2次／日，d1～14；紫杉醇175 mg／m2静脉滴注，d1（或80～90 mg／m2，静脉... 详细信息

【目的】探讨卡培他滨联合紫杉类或铂类药物治疗晚期胃癌的疗效及安全性。【方法】59例晚期胃癌患者中30例接受卡培他滨＋紫杉类治疗，卡培他滨1000 mg／m2口服2次／日，d1～14；紫杉醇175 mg／m2静脉滴注，d1（或80～90 mg／m2，静脉滴注，d1、d8），或多西紫杉醇65～75 mg／m2静脉滴注，d1；21 d为1个周期。29例接受卡培他滨＋铂类治疗，卡培他滨1000 mg／m2口服，2次／日，d1～14；顺铂15～20 mg／m2，避光静脉滴注2 h ，d1～5；或奥沙利铂130 mg／m2，静脉滴注2 h ，d1（或分为d1、d8）；21 d为1个周期。【结果】卡培他滨＋紫杉类组与卡培他滨＋铂类组的一线治疗的客观有效率和疾病控制率均无显著性差异（ P ＞0．05）。卡培他滨＋紫杉类组患者骨髓抑制、胃肠道反应和腹泻的发生率低于卡培他滨＋铂类组，外周神经炎和手足综合征的发生率高于卡培他滨＋铂类组。但仅见两组胃肠道反应的发生率有统计学差异（ P ＜0．05）。对两组患者发生的每种不良反应的程度间比较，均未见有统计学差异（ P ＞0．05）。【结论】卡培他滨＋紫杉类组与卡培他滨＋铂类组治疗晚期胃癌的疗效基本一致，在临床中其疗效进一步观察与研究论证。

关键词：抗肿瘤药/治疗应用顺铂/治疗应用脱氧胞苷/拮抗剂和抑制剂紫杉酚/类似物和衍生物胃肿瘤/药物疗法

国内20年原发性胆汁性肝硬化临床研究回顾与相关因素meta分析

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中华风湿病学杂志 2010年第8期14卷 526-529页

作者：朱赟王晶孙凌云南京大学医学院附属鼓楼医院风湿免疫科 210008 南京大学医学院附属鼓楼医院血液科 210008

目的综合分析国内对原发性胆汁性肝硬化（PBC）的临床研究情况，了解我国PBC患者的临床特点。方法计算机检索已发表的国内PBC患者相关临床文献，汇总临床及预后资料，采用Re，man4．2软件对相关病例对照研究进行meta分析。结果①纳入91... 详细信息

目的综合分析国内对原发性胆汁性肝硬化（PBC）的临床研究情况，了解我国PBC患者的临床特点。方法计算机检索已发表的国内PBC患者相关临床文献，汇总临床及预后资料，采用Re，man4．2软件对相关病例对照研究进行meta分析。结果①纳入91篇文献，观察2315例PBC患者。②临床症状以乏力多见（54．54％）；抗线粒体抗体（AmA）阳性率范围74．1％～100％，其中AmA—m2阳性率范围45％～83％；抗核抗体（ANA）阳性率范围20％～83．78％，核膜型多见38．65％；免疫球蛋白以Igm[（2．8±0．7）～（7．3±5．1）g／L]、IgG[（16．5±4．9）～（20．5±5．9）g／L]升高为主；病理分期以Ⅱ期常见（149例，占36．61％）；干燥综合征（ss）为最常见合并症（范围1．96％～34．61％）；至随访期（5．96个月）结束，3．80％（52／1370）患者死亡。③meta分析结果显示：AmA阳性与阴性组患者碱性磷酸酶（ALP）、丙氨酸转移酶（ALT）、天冬氨酸转氨酶（AST）、总胆红素（TBil）、谷氨酰转肽酶（GGT）、IgG指标及性别比较差异无统计学意义，Igm值在阴性组更低；熊去氧胆酸治疗后患者ALP水平下降；老年患者ALP、TBil水平偏低，但病死率高。结论国内PBC患者大部分临床特点与国外报道相似，病例对照研究样本量较少、缺乏高质量的双盲、随机、对照研究是国内临床研究的缺陷。

关键词：肝硬化胆汁性 meta分析熊去氧胆酸

A pilot study of the association between genetic polymorphisms involved in estrogen signaling and infant male genital phenotypes

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2012年第5期14卷 766-772页

作者： Sheela Sathyanarayana Shanna H Swan Federico m Farin Hui-Wen Wilkerson michael Bamshad Richard Grady Chuan Zhou Stephen m Schwartzy Department of Pediatrics University of WashingtonSeattleWA 98195USA Center for Child Health Behaviorand DevelopmentSeattle Children's Research InstituteSeattleWA 98105USA Department of Preventive medicine Mount Sinai School of MedicineNew YorkNY 10029USA Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences University of WashingtonSeattleWA 98195USA Department of Genome Sciences University of WashingtonSeattleWA 98195USA Division of Pediatric Urology Seattle Children's HospitalSeattleWA 98105USA Department of Epidemiology University of WashingtonSeattleWA 98195USA Epidemiology Program Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleWA 98109USA

Single nucleotide polymorphisms （SNPs） in genes that influence development of the male reproductive tract have been associated with male genitourinary abnormalities. However, no studies have tested the relationship between SNPs and intermediate phenotypes such as anogenital distance （AGD）, anoscrotal distance （ASD） and penile width （PW）. We tested whether 24 common SNPs in eight genes that influence male genital development were associated with intermediate phenotypes in 106 healthy male infants from the Study for Future Families. We used DNA from buccal smears and linear regression models to assess the relationship between anogenital measurements and SNP genotypes with adjustment for covariates. We found that the rs2077647 G allele, located in the coding region of estrogen receptor alpha （ESR1）, was associated with a shorter AGD （P=0.02; -7.3 mm, 95% confidence interval （CI）： -11.6 to -3.1）, and the rs10475 T allele, located in the 3＇ untranslated region of activating transcription factor 3 （ATF3）, was associated with a shorter ASD （-4.3 mm, 95% Ch -7.2 to -1.4）, although this result was not significant （P=0.07） after controlling for multiple comparisons. We observed no association between PW and the SNPs tested. minor alleles for two SNPs in genes that regulate estrogen signaling during male genital development were associated with AGD and ASD, although the significance of the association was marginal. Our findings suggest that AGD and ASD are influenced by heritable factors in genes known to be associated with frank male genital abnormalities such as hvpospadias and crvotorchidism.

关键词： gene hypospadias male phenotype polymorphism reproductive

Factors Associated with mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV at the maternity Unit of the Castors Urban Health Center in Bangui

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2023年第5期13卷 950-959页

作者： Thibaut Boris Clavaire Songo-Kette Gbekere Gilles Davy Kossa-Ko-Ouakoua Gertrude Rose De Lima Kogboma Wongo Guerengbo Rodrigue Herman Doyama-Woza Siméon matoulou-m’bala wa-Ngogbe Alida Koirokpi Sabrina Ouapou Kelly mbano-Dede matike-Ayamboka Josué Eezchiel Sandjima Norbert Richard Ngbale The maternity Unit of the Centre de Santé Urbain des Castors Bangui Central African Republic Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Communautaire Bangui Central African Republic Department of Public Health Faculty of Health Sciences University of Bangui Bangui Central African Republic Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Maman Elisabeth Domitien Bimbo Central African Republic

Introduction: In spite of significant progress towards eliminating mother-to-child transmission (mCT) of HIV by 2025, trends in vertical mother-to-child transmission are still worrying in sub-Saharan African countries. This study aims to take stock of the factors associated with HIV mCT at the level of peripheral health training. Patients and methods: This was a descriptive and analytical retrospective study, over a five-year period from January 1st, 2017 to December 31st, 2021. The study population was represented by HIV-positive women and their cared infants in the Parent-Child Transmission Prevention Unit (PCTP) of the Castors Urban Health Center (CUHC). Results: 288 medical records were selected out of a total of 347 HIV-positive mothers followed. HIV seroprevalence in the population of women who received PreNatal Consultation (PNC) during the study period was 8.2%. The HIV mCT rate was 3.7%. HIV+ mothers followed were mostly young (average age of 28), not living in a couple (96.9%), poorly educated (58.7%) and not engaged in income-generating activity (58.4%). They had all received triple therapy and the period of initiation of antiretroviral (ARV) therapy was in the majority of cases during the first trimester. Factors associated with mCT were: primiparity (OR = 18.4 [5.55 - 61.05];Khi2 = 32.61;p 2 = 55.22;p 2 = 108.73;p mm3 (OR = 14.12 [4.03 - 57.20];Khi2 = 21.68;p 1000 copies/mm3 (OR = 8.85 [2.33 - 43.20];Khi2 = 10.46;p = 0.001), prolonged labor (OR = 12.33 [3.45 - 57.25];Khi2 = 18.47;p mature rupture of membranes (OR = 24.03 [6.97 - 96.01];Khi2 = 40.60;p 2 = 5.96;p = 0.014), and artificial or mixed breast

关键词： Factors Transmission mother-Child HIV Bangui

On the radiogenic heat production of metamorphic,igneous,and sedimentary rocks

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Geoscience Frontiers 2018年第6期9卷 1777-1794页

作者： D.Hasterok m.Gard J.Webb Department of Earth Sciences University of AdelaideNorth TerraceSA5005Australia Centre for Tectonics Research and Exploration(TRaX) University of AdelaideNorth TerraceSA5005Australia Ramelius Resources Ltd. East PerthWA 6005Australia

Sedimentary rocks cover-73% of the Earth's surface and metamorphic rocks account for approximately91% of the crust by volume. Understanding the average behavior and variability of heat production for these rock types are vitally important for developing accurate models of lithospheric temperature. We analyze the heat production of ～204,000 whole rock geochemical data to quantify how heat production of these rocks varies with respect to chemistry and their evolution during metamorphism. The heat production of metaigneous and metasedimentary rocks are similar to their respective protoliths. Igneous and metaigneous samples increase in heat production with increasing SiO_2 and K_2 O, but decrease with increasing FeO, mgO and CaO. Sedimentary and metasedimentary rocks increase in heat production with increasing Al_2 O_3, FeO, TiO_2, and K_2 O but decrease with increasing CaO. For both igneous and sedimentary rocks, the heat production variations are largely correlated with processes that affect K_2 O concentration and covary with other major oxides as a consequence. Among sedimentary rocks,aluminous shales are the highest heat producing(2.9 μW^(-3)) whereas more common iron shales are lower heat producing(1.7 μW m^(-3)). Pure quartzites and carbonates are the lowest heat producing sedimentary rocks. Globally, there is little definitive evidence for a decrease in heat production with increasing metamorphic grade. However, there remains the need for high resolution studies of heat production variations within individual protoliths that vary in metamorphic grade. These results improve estimates of heat production and natural variability of rocks that will allow for more accurate temperature models of the lithosphere.

关键词： Heat generation Density metamorphic rocks Sedimentary rocks Igneous rocks Continental lithosphere

Self-centering steel plate shear walls for improving seismic resilience

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2016年第3期10卷 283-290页

作者： Patricia m. CLAYTON Daniel m. DOWDEN Chao-Hsien LI Jeffrey W. BERmAN michel BRUNEAU Laura N. LOWES Keh-Chuan TSAI Department of Civil Architectural and Environmental Engineering University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78705 USA Department of Civil Structural and Environmental Engineering University at Buffalo New York 14260-1660 USA National Center for Research on Earthquake Engineering Taipei Taiwan China Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Washington Seattle WA 98195-2700 USA Department of Civil Structural and Environmental Engineering Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan China

As part of a Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation research project led by researchers at the University of washington with collaborators at University at Buffalo, and Taiwan National Center for Research on Earthquake Engineering, a self-centering steel plate shear wall （SC-SPSW） system has been developed to achieve enhanced seismic performance objectives, including recentering. The SC-SPSW consists of thin steel infill panels, referred to as web plates that serve as the primary lateral load-resisting and energy dissipating element of the system. Post- tensioned （PT） beam-to-column connections provide system recentering capabilities. A performance-based design procedure has been developed for the SC-SPSW, and a series of nonlinear response history analyses have been conducted to verify intended seismic performance at multiple hazard levels. Quasi-static subassembly tests, quasi-static and shake table tests of scaled three-story specimens, and pseudo-dynamic tests of two full-scale two-story SC-SPSWs have been conducted. As a culmination of this multi-year, multi-institutional project, this paper will present an overview of the SC- SPSW numerical and experimental research programs. This paper will also discuss innovative PT connection and web plate designs that were investigated to improve constructability, resilience, and seismic performance and that can be applied to other self-centering and steel plate shear wall systems.

关键词： self-centering steel plate shear walls large-scale experiment post-tensioned connections performance-baseddesign

Functional diversity of small-mammal postcrania is linked to both substrate preference and body size

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Current Zoology 2020年第5期66卷 539-553页

作者： Lucas N.Weaver David m.Grossnickle Department of Biology Life Sciences BuildingUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWA 98195USA

Selective pressures favor morphologies that are adapted to distinct ecologies,resulting in trait partition!ng among ***,the effects of these selective pressures vary across taxa,especially because morphology is also influenced by factors such as phylogeny,body size,and functional *** this study,we examine how these factors impact functional diversification in *** has been proposed that trait partitioning among mammalian ecomorphotypes is less pronoun ced at small body sizes due to biomecha nical,energetic,and environ mental factors that favor a"generalist"body plan,whereas larger taxa exhibit more substantial functional *** title this the Diverge nee Hypothesis(DH)because it predicts greater morphological divergence among ecomorphotypes at larger body *** test DH by using phylogenetic comparative methods to examine the postcranial skeletons of 129 species of taxonomically diverse,small-tomedium-sized(mammals,which we categorize as either"tree-dwellers"or"ground-dwellers."In some analyses,the morphologies of ground-dwellers and tree-dwellers suggest greater between-group differentiation at larger sizes,providing some evidence for ***,this trend is n either particularly strong nor supported by all an *** stead,a more pronoun ced patter n emerges that is distinct from the predictions of DH:within-group phenotypic disparity increases with body size in both ground-dwellers and tree-dwellers,driven by morphological outliers among"medium'-sized ***,evolutionary increases in body size are more closely linked to increases in within-locomotor-group disparity tha n to in creases in betwee n-group *** discuss biomechanical and ecological factors that may drive these evolutionary patter ns,and we emphasize the significant evolutionary influences of ecology and body size on phenotypic diversity.

关键词： adaptive landscapes ecomorphology morphometries phenotypic diversity phylogenetic comparative methods trait partitioning