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Tracking the Ti^(4+)substitution in phlogopite by spectroscopic imaging:A tool for unravelling the growth of micas at Hp-HT conditions

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Geoscience Frontiers 2024年第3期15卷 1-13页

作者： G.Della Ventura N.El moutaouakkil B.Boukili S.Bernardini A.Sodo L.pronti m.Cestelli-Guidi F.Holtz F.Lucci Dipartimento di Scienze UniversitàRoma TreRomaItaly INFN-LNF via Fermi 200040 FrascatiRomaItaly INGV Via di Vigna Murata 60500143 RomaItaly Laboratory of Géosciences Water and Environment.Department of Earth Sciences.Faculty of SciencesUniversity Mohammed VRabatMorocco Leibnitz Universität Hannover Institute of MineralogyCallinstr 330167 HannoverGermany Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e Geoambientali Universitàdi Bari“Aldo Moro”BariItaly

phlogopite solid-solutions have a wide pressure-temperature(p-T)stability field and are ubiquitous in a wide variety of geological settings,from deep lithosphere magmatic environments to upper crust metamorphic *** composition represents therefore a valuable physical-chemical archive and may provide important information regarding its crystallization and the petrogenesis of the *** this paper we examine the phlogopite phenocrysts from the well-known Fort Regent mica-bearing lamprophyre minette from ***(Island of Jersey,UK).phlogopite phenocrystals from lamprophyres generally show normal-step and continuous compositional zoning,however those from the Fort Regent minette show a peculiar texture characterized by dark brown high-Ti(average TiO_(2)≈8.5 wt.%)cores enveloped by euhedral low-to mid-amplitude zonation due to oscillatory contents in Ti,Fe and ***-barometry modelling based on biotite-only composition yields relatively high p-T estimates(T≈970±54℃at p≈0.73±0.13 Gpa)for cores whereas lower values(T≈790±54℃at p≈0.29±0.13 Gpa)are obtained for the outer *** temperatures(T≈1075±54℃)but extremely high and anomalous pressure values(p≈1.82±0.13 Gpa)are obtained for the yellowish inner *** combination of electron micro probe(Emp)analysis and single-crystal infra-red(FTIR)imaging in the OH-stretching region shows that the exceptional and oscillatory Ti contents are due to the Ti-vacancy substitution,typical of crystallization and growth processes of Hp/HT *** imaging provides additional insight for this process,confirming the dominant dioctahedral nature for the Ti-Fe-rich cores and outer *** of thermobaric estimates obtained from the phlogopite compositiononly model,based on the fine-scale compositional evolution,shows that pressure-temperature values from low-Ti high-mg domains should be carefully evaluated because the substitution mechanisms during the dark mica growth are not univocal

关键词： Ti-phlogopite Jersey minette(UK) Ti-substitution FTIR imaging Raman imaging Thermobarometric modelling

Impact on Soil Organic C and Total Soil N from Cool- and Warm-Season Legumes Used in a Green manure-Forage Cropping System

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Agricultural Sciences 2024年第3期15卷 333-357页

作者： Clark B. Neely Francis m. Rouquette Jr. Cristine L.S. morgan Frank m. Hons William L. Rooney Gerald R. Smith Department of Soil and Crop Science Washington State University Pullman WA USA Texas A&m AgriLife Research Overton TX USA Chief Scientific Officer Soil Health Institute Morrisville NC USA Department of Soil and Crop Science Texas A&M University College Station TX USA

Annual forage legumes are important components of livestock production systems in East Texas and the southeastern US. Forage legumes contribute nitrogen (N) to cropping systems through biological N fixation, and their seasonal biomass production can be managed to complement forage grasses. Our research objectives were to evaluate both warm- and cool-season annual forage legumes as green manure for biomass, N content, ability to enhance soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil N, and impact on post season forage grass crops. Nine warm-season forage legumes (WSL) were spring planted and incorporated as green manure in the fall. Forage rye (Secale cereale L.) was planted following the incorporation of WSL treatments. Eight cool-season forage legumes (CSL) were fall planted in previously fallow plots and incorporated as green manure in late spring. Sorghum-sudangrass (Sorghum bicolor x Sorghum bicolor var. sudanense) was planted over all treatments in early summer after forage rye harvest and incorporation of CSL treatments. Sorghum-sudangrass was harvested in June, August and September, and treatments were evaluated for dry matter and N concentration. Soil cores were taken from each plot, split into depths of 0 to 15, 15 to 30 and 30 to 60 cm, and soil C and N were measured using combustion analysis. Nylon mesh bags containing plant samples were buried at 15 cm and used to evaluate decomposition rate of above ground legume biomass, including change in C and N concentrations. mungbean (vigna radiata L. [Wilczek]) had the highest shoot biomass yield (6.24 t Dm hap>-1p>) and contributed the most total N (167 kg∙hap>-1p>) and total C (3043 kg∙hap>-1p>) of the WSL tested. Decomposition rate of WSL biomass was rapid in the first 10 weeks and very slow afterward. Winter pea (pisum sativum L. spp. sativum), arrow leaf clover (Trifolium vesiculosum Savi.), and crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.) were the most productive CSL in this trial. Austrian winter pea

关键词： Annual Legumes Soil N Soil Organic C Green manure Deer Browse Forage Cropping Systems

Legume Green manure and Intercropping for High Biomass Sorghum production

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Agricultural Sciences 2024年第6期15卷 605-621页

作者： Clark B. Neely Francis m. Rouquette Jr. Cristine L. S. morgan Frank m. Hons William L. Rooney Gerald R. Smith Department of Soil and Crop Science Washington State University Pullman WA USA Texas A&m AgriLife Research Overton TX USA Soil Health Institute Morrisville NC USA Department of Soil and Crop Science Texas A&M University College Station TX USA

Before the advent of cheap, synthetic fertilizers, legumes were commonly used as green manure crops for their ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen (N). A three-year study at Overton, TX examined legume integration into high-biomass sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) production systems on a Lilbert loamy fine sand recently cultivated after a fertilized bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) pers.] pasture. In this split-split plot design, ‘Dixie’ crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.) and ‘Iron and Clay’ cowpea (vigna unguiculata L.) were integrated into a high-biomass sorghum production system to evaluate impacts on N concentration, C concentration, and yield of high-biomass sorghum and their impacts on soil total N and soil organic carbon (SOC). main plots were split into crimson clover green manure (CLGm) and winter fallow (FALL) followed by three sub-plots split into warm-season crop rotations: cowpea green manure (CpGm), cowpea-sorghum intercrop (CpSR), and sorghum monocrop (SORG). Three N fertilizer treatments (0, 45, 90 kg N∙ha−1) were randomized and applied as sub-sub plots. The CLGm increased (p sorghum biomass yield (16.5 t Dm∙ha−1) 28% in year three but had no effect in the first two years. The CpSR treatment reduced sorghum yield up to 62% compared to SORG;whereas CpGm increased sorghum yield 56% and 18% the two years following cowpea incorporation. Rate of N fertilizer had no effect on sorghum biomass yield. Decrease in SOC and soil N over time indicated mineralization of organic N and may explain why no N fertilizer response was observed in sorghum biomass yield. Cowpea showed strong potential as a green manure crop but proved to be too competitive for successful intercropping in high-biomass sorghum production systems.

关键词： High-Biomass Sorghum Legumes Green manure Intercrop Cowpea Crimson Clover Soil Organic Carbon Soil Nitrogen

Growth characteristics of multipurpose tree species, crop productivity and soil properties in agroforestry systems under subtropical humid climate in India

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Journal of Forestry Research 2007年第4期18卷 261-270页

作者： m. Datta N. p. Singh ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region Lembucherra Tripura 799 210 India

multipurpose tree species （mpTs） were studied in an agroforestry arboretum under subtropical humid climate in Northeast India. Out of 12 mpTs planted under agroforestry systems, Acacia auriculiformis in spacing of 2 m × 2 m （2500 stems·hm^-2） could have the potentiality to meet the timber/fuelwood requirement due to its high wood production of 635 m^3·hm^-2 with mean annual increment （mAI） of 2.54×10^-2 m^***.a^-1 in a short rotation period of 10 years. Thus, A. auriculiformis is a short rotation forest tree species suitable to grow in subtropical humid climate. On the other hand, at 16 years of age, Eucalyptus hybrid and michelia champaca in spacing of 3 m × 3 m （1111 ***^2） produced appreciably high timber volume of 315 m^***^-2 and 165 m^***^-2 with mAI of 1.77×10^-2 m^***^-1·a^-1 and 0.92×10.2 m^***^-1.a^-1, respectively. At 16 years of age, Gmelina arborea produced a timber volume of 147 m^***^-2 with mAI of 1.47×10^-2 m^***^-1.a^-1 followed by Samania saman （140 m^***^-2）, Albizziaprocera （113 m^3·hm^-2） and Tectona grandis （79 ***^-2） with mAI of 1.40, 1.13 and 0.78 × 10^-2 m^3 .tree^-1a^-1, respectively in 4 m × 4 m spacing （625 ***^-2）. Gliricidia maculata and Leucaena leucocephala could be used as live fences around the farm boundary to supply their N-rich leaves for mulch as well as manure to crops. In agroforestry arboretum, direct seeded upland rice （Oryza sativa - variety, AR-11）, groundnut （Arachis hypogaea - variety, JL-24） and sesamum （Sesamum indicum - variety, B-67） were grown during the initial period upto 8 years of tree establishment. Under other mpTs, there was a reduction in crop productivity as compared to open space. After 8 years of tree establishment, horti-silvi and silvi-pastoral systems were developed and pineapple （Ananas comosus - variety Queen）, turmeric （Curcuma longa -variety RCT -1） and cowpea （vigna sinensis - variety pusa Barsati） as forage crop were raised. The productivity of pineapple, turmeric a

关键词： multipurpose trees Subtropical humid climate Growth characteristics Timber volume Crop productivity Soil organic car-bon Soil humus Nutrient availability Soil erodibility indices Soil moisture.

Inheritance of Resistance to mungbean Yellow mosaic Virus (mYmV) in Inter and Intra Specific Crosses of mungbean (<i>vigna radiata</i>)

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American Journal of plant Sciences 2013年第10期4卷 1924-1927页

作者： m. Sudha A. Karthikeyan p. Anusuya N. m. Ganesh m. pandiyan N. Senthil m. Raveendran p. Nagarajan K. Angappan Department of plant molecular Biology & Biotechnology Centre for Plant Molecular Biology Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore Tamil Nadu India National pulse Research Centre Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Vamban Tamil Nadu India.

The objective of this research was to study the mode of inheritance of resistance to mungbean yellow mosaic virus (mYmV) in inter TNAU RED × VRm (Gg) 1 and intra KmG 189 × VBN (Gg) 2 specific crosses of mungbean. An infector row technique was used for evaluating parents, F1, F2 and F3 plants for mYmV resistance. No insecticide was sprayed in order to maintain the natural whitefly population in experimental field. In the field condition, only after 80% of plants showed mYmV incidence, and the scoring of the test materials was done by mYmV disease rating scale. According to the mean disease score, the mungbean genotypes were categorized into five groups resistant (R), moderately resistant (mR), moderately susceptible (mS), susceptible (S) and highly susceptible (HS). 3 (Susceptible): 1 (Resistance) was observed in all two crosses of all F2 population and it showed that the dominance of susceptibility over the resistance and the results of the F3 segregation (1:2:1) confirm the segregation pattern of the F2 segregation. Collectively all the two crosses F2 and F3 generations results suggested that a single recessive gene is involved in resistance against the mYmV disease.

关键词： Inheritance mungbean Yellow mosaic Virus vigna spp.

Effects of of Habitats and pesticides on Aerobic Capacity and Survival of Soil Fauna

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2005年第3期18卷 169-175页

作者： G. TRIpATHI B. m. SHARmA Department of Zoology J. N. Vyas University Jodhpur-342 001 IndiaDepartment of Zoology J. N. Vyas University Jodhpur-342 001 India

Objective Faunal health is largely dependent on their soil environment and available litter quality. So the effects of different soil habitats and pesticides on citrate synthase (CS) activity of soil fauna and its population were studied. methods The soil animals were collected from different pedoecosystems for habitat study. Whereas vigna radiata based system was selected for pesticidal observations. The field was divided into five equal plots for control and treatment of γ-BHC, quinalphos, carbaryl and cypermethrin. Soil fauna was collected by quadrat method and extracted by Tullgren funnel. Individuals of a species having similar sizes were collected for the estimation of CS activity. They were homogenized and fractions were obtained by differential centrifugation. The activity of CS was assayed spectrophotometrically. Results Citrate synthase (CS) activity of beetle (Rasphytus fregi), woodlouse (porcellio laevis) and centipede (Scolopendra morsitans) varied significantly with respect to changes in different soil habitats. Though the CS activity of R. fregi, p. laevis, and S. morsitans differed among themselves but the highest activity of CS in these animals was in V. radiata and lowest in A. nilotica based pedoecosystem. The aerobic capacity of centipede was maximum followed by woodlouse and beetle. The treatment of γ-BHC, quinalphos, carbaryl and cypermethrin significantly reduced the CS activity of these animals. γ-BHC showed maximum reduction in CS activity indicating highly toxic effect of organochlorine on aerobic metabolism of soil fauna. However, minimum reduction was observed in response to carbaryl (in beetle) or cypermethrin (in woodlouse/centipede) leading to impairment of aerobic capacity. The differences in pesticide effects might be assigned to the differences in chemical nature of pesticides and their interactions with below-ground fauna. Treatment of γ-BHC and quinalphos reduced the population of Acari, Coleoptera, Collembola, other arthropods as

关键词： Citrate synthase Habitat pesticide Soil fauna and desert

Allelopathic effects of mikania cordata on forest and agricultural crops in Bangladesh

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Journal of Forestry Research 2016年第1期27卷 155-159页

作者： m.K.Hossain S.Anwar R.Nandi Institute of Forestry and Environmental Sciences University of Chittagong

mikania cordata, an invasive weed is becom- ing a problem in the secondary degraded forests and plantations of Bangladesh, not only competing with but also releasing allelochemicals to cultivated crops. Allelo- pathic effects of the leaves of m. cordata were investigated through an experiment in the green house of the Institute of Forestry and Environmental Sciences, University of Chit- tagong, Bangladesh. Five economically important agricul- tural crops （Oryza sativa L., Triticum aestivum L., vigna sinensis L., Abelmoschus esculentus L. and Amaranthus tricolor L.） and three forest crops （Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunn. ex Benth. ＆ Hook, Albizia procera （Roxb.） Benth., and paraserianthes falcataria （L.） Nielson） were used as bioassay species. Experiments were conducted on trays at an average room temperature 27 ~C. The effects of dif- ferent concentrations of leaf extracts were compared to controls. Water soluble allelochemicals of m. cordata inhibited the germination and initial growth of the tested agricultural and forest crops. Germination percent of forest crops declined with increasing concentration of extracts. The inhibitory effect on root elongation of forest crops was pronounced, whereas a stimulatory effect was found on p. falcataria up to a concentration of 25 %. Abelmoschus esculentus showed poor germination （%） and low shoot development （0.5 cm） and no development of taproot or lateral roots at treatment of 100 % concentration. Theinhibitory effect was proportional to the concentrations of the extracts with higher concentrations producing stronger inhibitory effects. Lower concentrations showed some stimulatory effect. The inhibitory effect was pronounced in root and lateral root development rather than germination or shoot development of the crops. mikania cordata should be eradicated for healthy growth and development of the forest and adjacent agricultural crops.

关键词： mikania cordata Allelopathy Agriculturalcrops Forest crops Germination Growth inhibition

Assaying the allelopathic effects of Eucalyptus camaldulensis in a nursery bed incorporated with leaf litter

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Journal of Forestry Research 2018年第3期29卷 592-598页

作者： Romel Ahmed mohammad Shafioul Alam Farid Uddin Ahmed m.K.Hossain Department of Forestry and Environmental Science Shahjalal University of Science and TechnologySylhet 3114Bangladesh ministry of public Administration TeknafCoxsbazarDhaka 4761Bangladesh Arannayk Foundation House 21 Western RoadDOHSBananiDhaka 1206Bangladesh Institute of Forestry and Environmental Science University of ChittagongChittagong 4331Bangladesh

Allelopathic effects of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. were confirmed in petri dish and pot experiments in our previous studies. However, the degree to which such effects under controlled experiments exist in more complex ecological settings remains to be tested. Thus, the present study was carried out by incorporating different proportions of ground litter of E. camaldulensis in soil. The growth of three agricultural crops: falen(vigna unguiculata(L.) Walp.), chickpea(Cicer arietinum L.), and arhor(Cajanus cajan(L.) millsp.), and two tree species, kala koroi(Albizia procera(Roxb.) Benth.) and ipil ipil(Leucaena leucocephala(Lam.) de Wit) were tested. There were inhibitory effects of leaf litter on germination, shoot and root growth, leaf number, and collar diameter as well as a reduction of nodulation by legume crops(25–80%reduction). The extent of the effects was dependent on the proportion of leaf litter, the species and the type of traits. In contrast to shoot growth, the effect on root growth was more severe. No effect on germination was found with the agriculture crops while the two tree species showed reduced germination. The effect was greater in the presence of higher proportions of leaf litter mixed in soil while in some cases lower proportions stimulated growth. Not all species were suppressed; A. procera, C. cajan, V. unguiculata showed compatible growth while C. arietinum and *** were found incompatible. This study provides evidence that E. camaldulensis has allelopathic potential under field conditions and a careful selection of associated crops in agroforestry systems is highly recommended.

关键词： Allelopathy Eucalyptus camaldulensis Inhibitory effects Germination Growth Nodulation

Effect of the Various processed Food of the Far North Cameroon on the Glycemic Index

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2014年第9期5卷 779-786页

作者： Benoit B.Koubala Germain Kansci Abdoulaye N.p.Fifen Angèle I.Ngoufack Yvette C.m.Dadjeu Department of Life and Earth Sciences University of MarouaMarouaCameroon Department of Biochemistry University of YaoundéIYaoundéCameroon

metabolic Syndrome (mS) has reached a pandemic proportion and has an impact on the incidence and severity of cardiovascular pathologies. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different processed food commonly consumed in maroua (Far North Region, Cameroon) on the Glycemic Index (GI). To ameliorate the follow up of mS and population’s nutrition education, a survey was conducted among 200 families. The ten most consumed meals were selected after a food survey among 200 families. The meals were mostly made of a vegetable soup associated to a high carbohydrate staple. Vegetables and cereals were processed according to the food survey results. Then, a food tolerance test was performed on 30 male volunteers living in the same region. Among them, 12 were selected with an average age of 28.25 and a mean BmI of 19.63. They were studied on separate occasions in the morning after an overnight fast. After fasting, blood glucose was taken before and (15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 minutes) after eating a test meal compared to sucrose and glucose solution (33.33%) used as reference. Glycemic response curves were used to calculate the gi of each meal. Results show that GI of the tested meals varied significantly (p millet porridge with kelenkelen-beans (Cochorus oletorius-vigna unguiculata) sauce and red millet porridge with kelenkelen-peanut (Cochorus oletorius-Arachis hypogea) sauce exhibited the lowest GI. The highest GI was observed in corn porridge associated with fresh okra (Hibuscus esculentus) or with tasba (Cassia tora)-okra-beans sauce.

关键词： Food processing meals Glycemic Index Glycemia Far North Cameroon